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YADE MECUM, 

OR 

GUIDE 

FOR THE VISITORS TO THE 

EXPOSITION AT PHILADELPHIA 

ON OCCASION OF THE 

ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF ITS INDEPENDENCE. 


BY 


Sia. A. NOBILE, 

M 7 

TEACHER OF THE FRENCH AND ITALIAN LANGUAGES. 



I 

• o 


COLLINS, PRINTER, 705 JAYNE STREET. 

1870. 





Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1876, by Sig. A. Nobile, in 
the Office of the Librarian of Congress. All rights reserved. 

By transffei 

OCT 22 1915 































































































































































































































































*> 


GUIDE 


FOR THE VISITORS TO THE 

EXPOSITION AT PHILADELPHIA 


ON OCCASION OF THE 

ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF ITS INDEPENDENCE. 


Declaration of the Independence of America, July 4, 

1776. 

As this great exhibition is to commemorate the Centennial 
Anniversary of the freedom of the United States, we have 
deemed it fitting to remind our readers of some of the incidents 
attending the promulgation of this important document. The 
American people have reason to be fond of this their grand 
Magna Charta; and, whether at home or abroad, it has been 
the custom to give expression of their appreciation with each, 
annual return of Freedom’s natal day. 

How the Declaration came to be Adopted. 

The First Continental Congress, which met at Carpenters’ 
Hall, Philadelphia, on the 5th of September, 1774, was convened 
for purposes of consultation only. Its members assembled to¬ 
gether in alarm, unresolved as to what should be done, viewing 
each new encroachment of the British Ministry as an addition 
to evils which were already intolerable. Twelve colonies were 
represented by delegates in that assembly. Georgia was not 
represented. Protests only were the weapons by which these 
representatives hoped to avert the calamities which impended. 
The king was loyally and humbly addressed. The people of 
Great Britain were besought to use their influence to prevent 
the injustice and injury which would result from the execution 
of the acts of Parliament hostile to America. Resistance was 
not determined upon further than by declaration that no 





4 


VADE MEOUM. 


obedience was due from the province of Massachusetts Bay 
“ to the lute cruel, unjust, and oppressive acts'of the British 
Parliament; but that they should be rejected as the attempt of 
a wicked administration.” A resolution against the importa¬ 
tion, use, or purchase of British goods after the 1st of December, 
1775, and a determination that all exports from the American 
colonies to Great Britain and the British West Indies should 
cease on the 1st of September, 1775, unless the grievances com¬ 
plained of were removed, were the most aggressive acts of this 
conference. On the 26th of October the Congress adjourned, 
recommending to the people of the American Colonies that 
another Congress should be held in Philadelphia on the 10th of 
May, 1775, unless the American colonies should be sooner re¬ 
lieved of their grievances. 

The hope under which the first Congress adjourned was 
illusory. There was no disposition in the British ministry or in 
the Parliament to allow the complaints of the Americans to dis¬ 
turb the policy of the administration. The second Congress 
met at the State House in Philadelphia on the 10th of May, 
1775. The delegates to this assembly came together under cir¬ 
cumstances varying in regard to the amount of authority which 
they held. Some were elected by the provincial assemblies, and 
represented the established colonial governments ; some were 
sent by popular conferences and conventions which had been 
held in defiance of the wishes of the colonial authorities, who 
were not in sympathy with American feeling. Under the cir¬ 
cumstances the delegates were justified in acting with extreme 

caution. Those who were sent bv the colonial assemblies dared 

%/ 

not act further than express authority seemed to allow. Those 
who were sent by the people were even less justified in assuming 
a broad license, and they were compelled by the circumstances 
which brought them together to act with discretion, which might 
seem to many to be timidity. The delegates were governed, 
therefore,, very strictly by their instructions; and although the 
battles or Lexington and Concord had been fought before the 
Congress assembled, the members confined themselves strictly 
to the authorization of measures of defence against the tyranni¬ 
cal outrages of the Crown. In doing this much they might have 
exceeded the limit of their instructions. But the actual necessity 
controlled. Even in the organization of armies and the authoriza¬ 
tion of hostilities the members of Congress regarded as near as 
might be under the circumstances the spirit of their instruc¬ 
tions. 

Connecticut appointed her delegates on the 3d of November, 
1774, “to join, consult, aud advise with the other colonies in 
British America on proper measures for advancing the best good 
of the colonies.” To join in proper measures was the greatest 
extent of this authority, and whether the words were sufficient 


VADE MECUM. 


5 


license for acts of war may well be questioned. Massachusetts 
Bay, through her provincial convention, having suffered most by 
British oppression, was boldest in the commission to her dele¬ 
gates, who were chosen on the 5th of December, 1774. They 
were granted “ full power with the delegates of the other colonies 
to concert, agree upon, direct, and order such further measures 
as to them shall appear best calculated for the recovery and 
establishment of American rights and liberties, and for restoring 
harmony between Great Britain and the colonies.” 

Maryland, by convention of deputies, on the 12th of September, 

1774, gave to her delegates in Congress power “to consult and 
agree to all measures which such Congress shall deem necessary 
and effectual to obtain a redress of American grievances. And 
this province bind themselves to execute to the utmost of their 
power all resolutions which the said Congress may adopt.” This 
was an unlimited authority, subject only to the determination of 
other colonies. 

Pennsylvania, by vote of her assembly, elected her delegates 
September 15, 1774, with direction merely that they should at¬ 
tend the Congress, and with no instruction as to what they 
should do. 

South Carolina, on the 11th of January, 1775, in provincial 
convention, chose her delegates “with full power to concert, 
agree upon, direct, and order such further measures as in the 
opinion of the said deputies and the delegates of the other Ameri¬ 
can colonies to be assembled shall appear necessary for the re¬ 
covery and establishment of American rights and liberties, and 
for restoring harmony between Great Britain and the colonies.” 
The commons house of assembly of South Carolina ratified these 
appointments on the 3d of February, “with full power and 
authority to concert, agree to, and effectually prosecute such 
measures as in the opinion of the said deputies and of the 
deputies to be assembled shall be most likely to obtain redress of 
American grievances.” 

New Jersey appointed her delegates on the 24th of January, 

1775, by the assembly, without instructions, except to report what 
had been done. 

New Hampshire, by convention, on the 25th of January, 1775, 
gave to her delegates “ full and ample power in behalf of the pro¬ 
vince to consent and agree to all measures which said Congress 
shall deem necessary to obtain redress of American grievances.” 

The lower counties on the Delaware (now the State of Dela¬ 
ware) , by resolution of the assembly, 16th of March, 1775, gave to 
her delegates power “to concert and agree upon such further 
measures as shall appear to them best calculated for the accom¬ 
modation of the unhappy differences between Great Britain and 
her colonies on a constitutional foundation, which the house 
most ardently wish for.” 


1 * 


6 


VADE MECIJM. 


Virginia elected her-delegates March 20, 1775, without in¬ 
struction. 

North Carolina, April 5, 1775, by convention, gave her dele¬ 
gates “such powers as may make any acts done by them, or by 
any of them, or consent given on behalf of this province obliga¬ 
tory on honor upon every inhabitant thereof.” The assembly of 
that province ratified the nominations two days afterward. 

New York, by provincial convention, April 22d, three days 
after the battle of Lexington, news of which had already been 
received, appointed delegates “ to concert and determine upon 
such measures as shall be judged most effectual for the preser¬ 
vation and re-establishment of American rights and restoration 
of harmony between Great Britain and the colonies.” 

Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, by vote of assembly, 
on the 7th of May, instructed the delegates to consult with dele¬ 
gates of other colonies “ upon proper measures to obtain a re¬ 
peal of the several acts of the British Parliament for levying 
taxes upon His Majesty’s subjects in America without their 
consent; also, to consult upon proper measures to establish the 
rights and liberties of the colonies upon a just and proper 
foundation.” 

Georgia, which had no delegates in the first Congress, sent 
none to the second until four months after it had assembled. It 
is true that Dr. Lyman Hall, on the 13th of May, appeared as 
representative of the parish of St. John’s, appointed by the citi¬ 
zens of that parish, and was admitted to a seat. But the colony 
of Georgia chose no delegates until the 4th of July, 1775, and 
they did not make their appearance at Philadelphia until the 
13th of September. The Georgia convention instructed its 
delegates “ to do, transact, join, and concur with the several 
delegates from the other colonies and provinces upon this con¬ 
tinent in all such matters and things as shall appear eligible and 
fit at this alarming time for the preservation and defence of our 
rights and liberties, and for the restoration of harmony upon 
constitutional principles between Great Britain and America.” 

The object apparent with all the colonies was, if possible, a 
restoration of harmony with Great Britain. If the British minis¬ 
try could have understood the spirit of the Americans more 
clearly than they did, an unhappy error would have been avoid¬ 
ed. But they were proud, conceited, and stubborn, and imagined 
that chastisement would bring the colonists to terms. They 
were correct in believing that America did not wish to break 
away from Great Britain, but they did not seem to understand 
that continued coercion would force the colonies to assume in¬ 
dependence. And so for eight weary months hostilities went 
on. Bunker Hill had been assaulted by the British, and carried 
by them with great loss. Charlestown was burned, Ticonderoga 
and Crown Point were captured by the Americans, the Canadian 


YADE MECUM. 


7 


expedition under Arnold and Montgomery had penetrated the 
wilderness, and after brave fighting and much suffering the effort 
proved a failure. New York was captured by the British. There 
had been engagements by land and sea, and yet it was the case 
of English subjects only fighting to secure the rights which 
English subjects were believed to possess. Strong Whigs were 
thinking of independence, and wondering how the great act was 
to be accomplished. Some were fearing that an attempt to 
break off from Great Britain might soon be made, and they were 
alarmed at the prospect. Still, nothing had been publicly said 
or written in favor of independence until, on the 15th of January, 
177G, Robert Bell, bookseller, in Third Street, Philadelphia, 
issued the first copies of an anonymous pamphlet, entitled 
“ Common Sense.” It was an argument in favor of independence 
of the control of Great Britain. It was well written and 
plausible, and it struck a keynote to the thoughts of every 
patriot. Several editions of this publication were issued, and 
the author was soon found to be Thomas Paine, an Englishman, 
who had been in America scarcely more than a year. “ Common 
Sense” was replied to by “ Plain Truth” and many other pamph¬ 
lets, and suddenly this question of independence became para¬ 
mount throughout America. The delegates in Congress were 
still under the control of the cautious instructions which had 
been passed by the appointing authorities generally months be¬ 
fore. After “Common Sense” was published, New Jersey 
elected her delegates on the 14th of February, but gave them no 
new instructions. 

The house of representatives of the lower counties on Dela¬ 
ware, on the 22d of March, instructed their delegates to “em¬ 
brace every opportunity to effect a reconciliation with Great 
Britain on such principles as may insure to your constituents a 
full and lasting enjoyment of all their just rights and privileges.” 
North Carolina gave the first actual approval by a vote of con¬ 
vention, on the 22d of April, at which time the representatives 
of the colony were empowered “ to concur with those of other 
colonies in establishing independence.” 

The convention of Virginia, on the 15th of May, unanimously 
resolved “ that their delegates be instructed to propose to that 
body to declare the united colonies free and independent States— 
absolved from all allegiance or dependence upon the Crown or 
Parliament of Great Britain—and that they give the assent of 
this colony to such declaration and to measures for forming 
foreign alliances and a confederation of the colonies ; provided 
that the power of forming a government for and the regulation 
of the internal concerns of each colony be left to the respective 
colonial legislatures.” It was upon this authority that Richard 
Henry Lee of Virginia, on Friday, the 7th of June, offered the 


8 


VADE MECTJM. 


following resolution, which was seconded by John Adams of 
M assachusetts :— 

“ Resolved , That these united colonies are, and of right ought 
to be, free and independent States; that they are absolved from 
all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political con¬ 
nection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and 
ought to be, totally dissolved.” 

This resolution was considered June 8th and 10th, upon the 
latter day in committee of the whole. It was then resolved to 
postpone the subject until Monday, the 1st of July, “ and in 
the mean while, that no time be lost in case the Congress 
agree thereto, that a committee be appointed to declare a 
declaration to the effect of the first said resolution.” President 
Hancock next day announced this committee to be composed 
of Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, John Adams of Massachusetts, 
Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, Roger Sherman of Con¬ 
necticut, and Robert R. Livingston of New York. The next day 
a committee was appointed, Josiah Bartlett of New Hampshire, 
chairman, ‘*to prepare and digest the form of a confederation 
to be entered into by these colonies ;” also, a committee “ to pre¬ 
pare a plan of treaties to be proposed to foreign powers,” 
John Dickinson, of Pennsylvania, chairman. 

The North Carolina and Virginia resolutions were incentives 
to similar action in other colonies. The assembly of Connecticut, 
June 14th, instructed its delegates in Congress in favor of “ inde¬ 
pendence, confederation, and foreign alliance.” 

New Hampshire, June 15th, voted in favor “ of declaring the 
thirteen united colonies free and independent States, and solemnly 
pledged their faith and honor to support the measure with their 
lives and fortunes.” 

New Jersey, by provincial convention, on the 21st of June, 
elected new delegates, and instructed them, “ If you should judge 
it necessary or expedient for this purpose, we empower you to 
join with them in declaring the united colonies free of Great 
Britain,” etc. 

The assembly of Pennsylvania, on the 14th of June, adopted 
instructions to her delegates in Congress, who had been elected 
by the assembly, which might be called non-committal. They 
were authorized to concur with other delegates “ in forming such 
other compacts between the united colonies, concluding such 
treaties between foreign kingdoms and the States, and in adopt¬ 
ing such other measures as, upon a view of all the circumstances, 
shall be judged necessary for promoting the liberty, safety, and 
interest of America,” etc. Very different was the language of 
the provincial conference which met at Philadelphia on the 24th 
of June. In their declaration they charged King George the 
Third with violating the principles of the British constitution, 
and with various wrongs and grievances against the people of 


VAPE MECUM. 


9 


America, arbitrary and unjust in character, with which Parlia¬ 
ment had concurred ; and, said these delegates, we “ do, in this 
public manner, in behalf of ourselves, and with the approbation, 
authority, and consent of our constituents, unanimously declare 
our willingness to concur in a vote of the Congress declaring the 
united colonies free and independent States.” 

Delaware, on the 14th of June, the same day upon which the 
Pennsylvania assembly instructed her delegates in a feeble way 
to concur in forming compacts betweeu the colonies and making 
treaties with foreign kingdoms, spoke nearly in the same lan¬ 
guage. 

As far as any assent to a declaration of independence was 
concerned, it therefore appeared that at the beginning of July 
only five States—North Carolina, Virginia, New Hampshire, 
New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, the latter by her conference 
speaking in opposition to her assembly—had given anything 
like assent to the extreme measure. 

On the 28th of June, Jefferson’s committee reported the draft 
of a declaration of independence. It was read and laid on the 
table. On the 1st of July, according to the original resolution 
of postponement, Congress took up Richard Henry Lee’s reso¬ 
lution of independence in committee of the whole. The motion 
in committee of the whole to agree to the resolution and report 
it to the Congress for final action was agreed to by the following 
vote: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode 
Island, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and 
Georgia voted for the motion ; Pennsylvania and South Caro¬ 
lina voted against it; Delaware did not vote because its two 
delegates present were equally divided ; New York did not vote 
because the subject of independence was outside of their in¬ 
structions. The resolution was thus, by the votes of nine 
colonies in committee of the whole, reported to the Congress 
for final action. When the vote was about to be taken in Con¬ 
gress, Rutledge, of South Carolina, asked to have it postponed 
until the following day, July 2d, expressing the hope that by 
that time his colleagues from that colony might be ready to vote 
for the resolution. The vote was then postponed. In the mean 
time, between the vote in the committee of the whole, July 1st, 
and the meeting of Congress, July 2d, the circumstances which 
prevented unanimity in committee were entirely changed. 

Of the nine delegates appointed by Pennsylvania, seven only 
were present on July 1st, in committee of the whole. Edward 
Biddle was sick, and Andrew Allen had joined or was about to 
join the British. Of the remaining delegates, John Dickinson, 
Robert Morris, Charles Humphreys, and Thomas Willing voted 
against the motion to report Lee’s resolution. Benjamin Frank¬ 
lin, John Morton, and James Wilson voted for it. The vote of 
Pennsylvania was thus lost by a majority of one. South Caro¬ 
lina voted unanimously against it. Delaware, as mentioned, 


10 


VADE MECUM. 


gave no vote, McKean being for the resolution and Read against 
it, Rodney being absent. On the 2d of July there was a change. 
Rodney was brought up from Delaware, and voted aye, and that 
State was recorded in favor of the resolution of independence.' 
South Carolina changed her vote and went for the resolution 
unanimously. Pennsylvania was carried for the resolution, not 
by a majority of her delegates, but by a majority of those who 
were present. John Dickinson and Robert Morris did not take 
their seats on the 2d of July. This left a representation of five 
members. Three of them—Franklin, Morton, and Wilson—voted 
for the resolution; Humphreys and Willing voted against it, 
and thus by one-third of her whole delegation Pennsylvania’s 
vote was recorded in favor of the resolution. 

Thus, on the 2d of July, 1776, the resolution declaring the 
united colonies to be “ free and independent States” was 
adopted by the unanimous vote of twelve colonies, New York 
still declining to vote. What the ideas of the members were as 
to the validity of the vote if there had been a mere majority— 
say seven States—is not now known. Evidently they hoped for 
the assent of the whole thirteen States. But they had nine States 
in the committee of the whole on the 1st day of July, and eleven 
clearly on the 2d, and twelve States with Pennsylvania’s doubt¬ 
ful vote, carried by a minority. 

After the adoption of Lee’s resolution on the 2d, the form of 
the declaration was debated on the 3d and 4th, and, after amend¬ 
ment, was finally adopted on the latter day. The vote was the 
same as on the 2d, twelve colonies in favor, New York not vot¬ 
ing. Pennsylvania was carried exactly as she was on the 2d, 
three to two, Morris, Dickinson, Biddle, and Allen absent. The 
State of New York afterward, on the 9th of July, at White 
Plains, in convention, resolved that the resolution and declara¬ 
tion of independence be approved, and her delegates in Congress 
be empowered to adopt and concert all necessary measures, etc., 
connected with the same. It was for this reason that when the 
declaration was first published in Dunlap’s Packet of July 6tli 
it was styled “a declaration by the representatives of the United 
States of America in Congress assembled.” On the 19th of 
July, four days after the New York resolutions were presented 
to Congress, it was resolved that the declaration passed on the 
4th be fairly engrossed on parchment, with the title and style of 
“ the unanimous declaration of the thirteen United States of 
America,” and the same, when engrossed, be signed by every 
member of Congress. 

An important error has been sanctioned in regard to this in¬ 
strument for nearly a hundred years by the manner in which the 
journals of Congress have been printed. Aitkins & Dunlap’s 
edition of the journals of Congress, printed in 1778, in the 
minute for the 4th of July, says, “The declaration being read, it 
was agreed to as follows.” To this succeeds the text of the 


VADE MECUM. 


11 


declaration and the signatures of fifty-five representatives, the 
name of Thomas McKean of Delaware, who undoubtedly signed, 
and who makes the fifty-sixth signer, being omitted altogether. 
The signatures to this copy of the declaration are not, and could 
not have been those placed to it on the 4tli of July, 1776, if any 
declaration ivas sigued on that day, because eight of them are of 
persons who were not members of Congress at that time. It is 
the engrossed co^py of August 2d, and the signatures attached 
to it up to or after November 4th, which are published in Dun¬ 
lap’s journals as those of the original signers on the 4th of July. 
This error or interpolation has had much to do with subsequent 
confusion among historical writers in regard to the point. If, 
as Jefferson said, the declaration tvas signed by every member 
present on the 4th of July, it is strange that the names were not 
published with the contemporary copy of the document. No 
other names appear to the official copies sent out by Congress, 
or published in newspapers by authority of that body, except 
John Hancock, president, and Charles Thomson, secretary. 

The following analysis of the votes in Congress upon Lee’s 
resolution and the declaration, and statement as to the respective 
views of the members at that time and subsequently, will be of 
interest. 

Members of Congress , July 4, 1776. 

New Hampshire, appointed February 29, 1776, William IT. 
Whipple, John Langdon, Josiah Bartlett. 

Massachsetts, Feb. 9, 1776, John Hancock, Samuel Adams, 
John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Elbridge Gerry. 

Connecticut, January 16, 1776, Roger Sherman, Oliver Wol¬ 
cott, Samuel Huntington, Titus llosmer, William Williams. 

New York, May 11, 1776, Philip Livingston, James Duane, 
John Alsop, William Floyd, Lewis Morris, John Jay, Henry 
Wisner, Philip Schuyler, George Clinton, Francis Lewis, Robert 
R. Livingston, Jr. 

New Jersey, June 28,1776, Richard Stockton, Abraham Clark, 
John Hart, Francis Hopkinson, Dr. John Witherspoon. 

Pennsylvania, November 3, 1775, John Morton, John Dickin¬ 
son, Robert Morris, Benjamin Franklin, Charles Humphreys, 
Edward Biddle, Thomas Willing, Andrew Allen, and James 
Wilson. 

Lower Counties on the Delaware, May 11,1775, Caesar Rodney, 
’Thomas McKean, and George Read. 

Maryland, September 13, 1775, Matthew Tilghman, Thomas 
Johnson, Jr., Robert Goldsborough, William Paca, Thomas 
Stone, and John Hall. 

Virginia, September 13, 1775, Richard Henry Lee, ’Thomas 
Jefferson. Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson, George Wythe, 
Francis Lightfoot Lee; February 23, 1776, Carter Braxton. 


12 


VADE MECUM. 


The legislature of Virginia had made a new election on the 
noth of June, but the certificates were not presented until the 
28th of August. 

North Carolina, May 11,1775,William Hooper, Joseph Hewes; 
October 18th, John Penu. 

South Carolina, April 24, 1770, Thomas Lynch, John Rut¬ 
ledge, Edward Rutledge, Arthur Middleton, Thomas Heyward, 
Jr., Thomas Lynch, Jr. 

Georgia, May 20, 1776, Lyman Hall, Button Gwinnett, Archi¬ 
bald Bullock, John Houston. George Walton. 

Rhode Island, May 14, 1776, Stephen Hopkins, Wm. Ellery. 

Members of Congress, July 4, 1776, vJio did not Sign the 

Declaration. 

New Hampshire, John Langdon. 

Connecticut, Titus Hosmer. 

New York, James Duane, John Alsop, John Jay, Henry Wis- 
ner, George Clinton, Robert R. Livingston, Jr., Philip Schuyler. 

Pennsylvania, John Dickinson, Charles Humphreys, Edward 
Biddle, Thomas Willing. Andrew Alfen. 

Maryland, Matthew Tilghman, Thomas Johnson, Jr., Robert 
Goldsborough, John Hall. 

South Carolina, John Rutledge, Thomas Lynch, Sr. 

Some of these maybe accounted for: Langdon, of New Hamp¬ 
shire, was appointed prize agent of that colony on the 25th of 
June, and was probably not again present in Congress. Hosmer, 
of Connecticut, was an alternate, and was not entitled to vote 
if the principal were present. 'Hie New York delegates, under 
their instructions, did not consider that they had a right to vote. 
Biddle, of Pennsylvania, was sick; Dickinson, Humphreys, and 
Willing were opposed to independence. Allen had become 
alarmed at the progress of affairs, was opposed to independence, 
and in December, 1776, put himself under the protection of 
General Howe. Goldsborough and Hall, of Maryland, were 
superseded on the 18th of July, and had no opportunity to sign 
the declaration on the 2d of August. Tilghman and Johnson 
were re-elected. Why they did not sign the declaration is not 
known. Thomas Lynch, Sr., of South Carolina, was sick. John 
Rutledge of the same State was at home as a member of the 
State convention to prepare a constitution for the State. Archi¬ 
bald Bullock, of Georgia, was acting as president of that colony, 
and was not at Philadelphia. 

Members of Congress who voted against the Resolution and 

Declaration of Independence, and afterward * signed the 

Declaration. 

Pennsylvania, Robert Morris. 

Lower Counties on the Delaware, George Read. 


YADE MECUM. 


13 


Signers of the Declaration who were not Members of Congress 

when it was Adopted. 

New Hampshire, Matthew Thornton, admitted November 4, 
1776. 

Pennsylvania, Dr. Benjamin Rush, Col. George Ross, George 
Clymer, Col. James Smith, George Taylor, admitted July 20, 

i <o. 

Maryland, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, Samuel Chase, re¬ 
turned July 18, 1776. 

The Declaration of Independence was drafted by Jefferson, 
and examined and slightly amended by Franklin and Adams. It 
was written by Jefferson in the first room of the second story of 
the house of Jacob Graff, southwest corner of 7th and Market 
Streets, which is still standing. Jefferson was a boarder in that 
house, and in that chamber, according to his own statement made 
in a letter to Dr. James Mease, September 16, 1825, the Decla¬ 
ration of Independence was written. 

Congress adopted the declaration in secret session. It was 
already known on the 4th that Lee’s resolution, which was the 
vital actfin the opposition to Great Britain, had been adopted 
on the 2d. The declaration was merely an assignment of reasons 
for the passage of the resolution, a vindication of an act already 
done. There was, therefore, no excitement in Philadelphia at 
the time the declaration was adopted. In fact, the character of 
the declaration was not known until two days afterward, when it 
made its appearance in Dunlap’s paper. On the 5th of July 
Congress sent out circular letters to all the assemblies, conven¬ 
tions, and councils of safety of the various States, asking that 
the Declaration of Independence should be proclaimed. Such 
proclamations generally followed. In Philadelphia the declara¬ 
tion was first read to the people on Monday, the 8th of July, by 
John Nixon, in the StateJiouse yard, from an observatory erected 
there by the American Philosophical Society in 1769 to observe 
the transit of Yenus over the sun. Nixson was a member of 
the council of safety, and read the declaration instead of the 
sheriff of the county, who was originally requested to perform 
that service. In the afternoon the declaration was read to the 
five battalions of associators on the commons. The king’s arms 
over the door of the supreme court-room in the State-house were 
torn down by a committee of associators appointed for the pur¬ 
pose. In the evening they were burned amidst the acclamations 
of a large crowd of spectators. Bonfires were lighted, bells 
were rung, and the most notable of all the peals which sounded 
over the city was that of the old State-house bell, which had 
been cast twenty-four years before, bearing upon its side the pro¬ 
phetic and remarkable motto, “ Proclaim liberty throughout the 
land, to all the inhabitants thereof.” 

2 


14 


VADE MECUM. 


Declaration of Independence. 

Here is the text of the Declaration, which every good Ameri¬ 
can ought always to have present in his mind. 

When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary 
for one people to dissolve the political bands which have con¬ 
nected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of 
the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of 
nature and of nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the 
opinions of mankind requires, that they should declare the causes 
which impel them to the separation. 

We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are 
created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with 
certain inalienable rights ; that among these are life, liberty, 
and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, 
governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers 
from the consent of the governed ; that whenever any form of 
government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of 
the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute a new govern¬ 
ment, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing 
its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to 
effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate, 
that governments long established should not be changed for 
light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath 
shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are 
sufferable, than to right themselves, by abolishing the forms to 
which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses 
and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a 
design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, 
it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide 
new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient 
sufferance of these colonies, and such is now the necessity which 
constrains them to alter their former systems of government. 
The history of the present king of Great Britain is a history of 
repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the 
establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States. To 
prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world. 

He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and 
necessary for the public good. 

He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and 
pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation, till 
his assent should be obtained ; and when so suspended, he has 
utterly neglected to attend to them. He has refused to pass 
other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, 
unless those people would relinquish the right of representation 
in the legislature—a right inestimable to them, and formidable 
to tyrants only. 


VADE MECUM. 


15 


He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, 
uncomfortable, and distant from the repository of their public 
records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into a compliance 
with his measures. 

He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for op¬ 
posing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the rights of the 
people. 

He has refused, for a long time after such dissolutions, to 
cause others to be elected ; whereby the legislative powers, in¬ 
capable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for 
their exercise, the State remaining, in the mean time, exposed to 
all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within. 

He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States ; 
for that purpose obstructing the laws of naturalization of foreign¬ 
ers, refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, 
and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands. 

He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing 
his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. 

He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure 
of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. 

He h as erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither 
swarms of officers, to harass our people and eat out their sub¬ 
stance. 

fie has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, 
without the consent of our legislatures. 

He has affected to render the military independent of, and 
superior to, the civil power. 

He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction 
foreign to our constitutions, and unacknowledged by our laws; 
giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation: 

For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us : 

For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any 
murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these 
States : 

For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world: 

For imposing taxes on us without our consent: 

For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by 
jury: 

For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended 
offences : 

For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighbor¬ 
ing province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and 
enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once au example 
and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into 
these colonies : 

For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable 
laws, and altering, fundamentally, the forms of our governments : 


16 


VADE MECUM. 


For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves 
invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. 

He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his 
protection, and waging war against us. 

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our 
towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. 

He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign merce¬ 
naries to complete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, 
already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely 
paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the 
head of a civilived nation. 

He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the 
high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the 
executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves 
by their hands. 

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has 
endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers the 
merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an 
undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions. 

In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for 
redress in the most humble terms ; our repeated petitions have 
been answered only by repeated injury. A prince, whose char¬ 
acter is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is 
unfit to be the ruler of a free people. 

Nor have we been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. 
We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts by their 
legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We 
have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and 
settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and 
magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our 
common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would in¬ 
evitably interrupt our connection and correspondence. They 
too have been deaf to the voice of justice and consanguinity. 
We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity which denounces 
our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind— 
enemies in war, in peace friends. 

We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of 
America, in General Congress assembled, appealing to the Su¬ 
preme Judge of the world, for the rectitude of our intentions, 
do, in the name and by the authority of the good people of these 
colonies, solemnly publish and declare, that these United Colonies 
are, and of right ought to be, free aud-Jndependent States ; that 
they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and 
that all political connection between them and the State of Great 
Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved ; and that, as free 
and independent States, they have full power to levy war, con¬ 
clude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do 
all other acts and things which independent States may of right 


YADE MECUM. 


17 


do. And for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance 
on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to 
each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. 

JOHN HANCOCK. 


New Hampshire. 

Josiah Bartlett, 

William Whipple, 
Matthew Thompson. 

Massach asset(s Bay. 
Samuel Adams, 

John Adams, 

Robert Treat Paine, 
Elbridge Gerry. 

Rhode Island. 
Stephen Hopkins, 
William Ellerv. 

Connecticut. 

Roger Sherman, 

Samuel Huntington, 
William Williams, 

Oliver Walcott. 

New York. 

William Floyd, 

Philip Livingston, 
Francis Lewis, 

Lewis Morris. 

New Jersey. 

Richard Stockton, 

John Witherspoon, 
Francis Hopkinson, 
John Hart, 

Abraham Clark. 

Pennsylvania. 

Robert Morris, 

Benjamin Rush, 
•Benjamin Franklin, 

John Mortou, 

George Clymer, 


James Smith, 

George Taylor, 

James Wilson, 

George Ross. 

Delaware. 

Caesar Rodney, 

George Read, 

Thomas M’Kean. 

Maryland. 

Samuel Chase, 

William Paca, 

Thomas Stone, 

Charles Carroll of Carrollton. 

Virginia. 

George Wythe, 

Richard Henry Lee, 

Thomas Jefferson, 

Benjamin Harrison, 

Thomas Nelson, Jr., 

Francis Lightfoot Lee, 

Carter Braxton. 

North Carolina. 

William Hooper, 

Joseph Hewes, 

John Penn. 

South Carolina. 

Edward Rutledge, 

Thomas Heyward, Jr., 
Thomas Lynch, Jr., 

Arthur Middleton. 


Georgia. 

Button Gwinnett, 
Lyman Hall, 
George Walton. 


18 


VADE MEOUM. 


Constitution of the United States of America. 

We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more 
perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, 
provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, 
and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our pos¬ 
terity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United 
States of America. 


ARTICLE I. 

SECTION 1. 

(1.) All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in 
a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate 
and House of Representatives. 

SECTION 2. 

(1.) The House of Representatives shall be composed of mem¬ 
bers chosen every second year by the people of the several 
States ; and the electors in each State shall have the qualifica¬ 
tions requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the 
State Legislature. 

(2.) No person shall be a representative who shall not have 
attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a 
citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be 
an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. 

(3.) Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned 
among the several States which may be included within this 
Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be 
determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, in¬ 
cluding those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding 
Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual 
enumeration shall be made within three years after the first 
meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every 
subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by 
law direct. The number of representatives shall not exceed one 
for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one 
representative; and until such enumeration shall be ma.de, the 
State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Mas¬ 
sachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, 
Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania 
eight, Delaware one, Maryland 6, Virginia ten, North Carolina 
five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three. 

(4.) When vacancies happen in the representation from any 
State, the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of elec¬ 
tion to fill such vacancies. 


VADE MECUM. 


19 


(5.) The House of Representatives shall choose their speaker 
and other officers; and shall have the sole power of impeach¬ 
ment. 

SECTION 3. 

(1.) The Senate of the United States shall be composed of 
two senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature there¬ 
of, for six years ; t and each senator shall have one vote. 

(2.) Immediately after they shall be assembled, in consequence 
of the first election, they shall be divided, as equally as may be, 
into three classes. The seats of the senators of the first class 
shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the 
second class at the expiration of the fourth, and of the third 
class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may 
be chosen every second year ; and if vacancies happen by resig¬ 
nation, or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any 
State, the executive thereof may make temporary appointments 
until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill 
such vacancies. 

(3.) No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained 
to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the 
United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant 
of that State for which he shall be chosen. 

(4.) The Vice-President of the United States shall be Presi¬ 
dent of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally 
divided. 

(5.) The Senate shall choose their other officers, aud also a 
president pro tempore , in the absence of the Vice-President, or 
when he shall exercise the office of President of the United 
States. 

(6.) The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeach¬ 
ments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or 
affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, 
the chief justice shall preside ; and no person shall be convicted 
without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. 

(7.) Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend 
further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold 
and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit, under the United 
States ; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and 
subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment accord¬ 
ing to law. 

section 4. 

(1.) The times, places, and manner of holding elections for 
senators and representatives, shall be prescribed in each State 
by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time 
by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places 
of choosing senators. 


20 


VADE MECUM. 


(2.) The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year; 
and such meeting shall be on the first Monday In December, unless 
they shall by law appoint a different day. 

SECTION 5. 

(1.) Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns, 
and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each 
shall constitute a quorum to do business ; but a smaller number 
may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel 
the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under 
such penalties, as each house may provide. 

(2.) Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, 
punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the con¬ 
currence of two-thirds, expel a member. 

(3.) Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and 
from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as 
may, in their judgment, require secrecy ; and the yeas and the 
nays of the members of either house, on any question, shall, at 
the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the 
journal. 

(4.) Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, 
without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three 
days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses 
shall be sitting. 

section 6. 

(1.) The senators and representatives shall receive a compen¬ 
sation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out 
of the treasury of the United States. They shall, in all cases, 
except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged 
from arrest, during their attendance at the session of their re¬ 
spective houses, and in going to, and returning from, the same ; 
and for any speech or debate in either house, they shall not be 
questioned in any other place. 

(2.) No senator or representative shall, during the time for 
which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the 
authority of the United States, which shall have been created, 
or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased, during 
such time ; and no person holding any office under the United 
States, shall be a member of either house during his continuance 
in office. 


SECTION 7. 

(1.) All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House 
of Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with 
amendments as on other bills. 

(2.) Every bill which shall have passed the House of Repre- 


VADE MECUM. 


21 


sentatives and the Senate shall, before it become a law, be pre¬ 
sented to the President of the United States ; if he approve, he 
shall sign it, but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, 
to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter 
the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to recon¬ 
sider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that house 
agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objec¬ 
tions, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be recon¬ 
sidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall 
become law. But in all such cases, the votes of both houses 
shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the per¬ 
sons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the 
journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be re¬ 
turned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted), 
after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a 
law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress, 
by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall 
not be law. 

(3.) Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence 
of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary 
(except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to 
the President of the United States; and before the same shall 
take effect, shall be approved by him, or, being disapproved by 
him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of the Senate and House 
of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations pre¬ 
scribed in the case of a bill. 

SECTION 8. 

The Congress shall have power — 

(1.) To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises; to 
pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general 
welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts, and ex¬ 
cises shall be uniform throughout the United States. 

(2.) To borrow money on the credit of the United States. 

(3.) To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among 
the several States, and with the Indian tribes. 

(4.) To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and 
uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies, throughout the 
United States. 

(5.) To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign 
coin ; and fix the standard of weights and measures. 

(6.) To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the se¬ 
curities and current coin of the United States. 

(7.) To establish post-offices and post-roads. 

(8.) To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by 
securing, for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclu 
sive right to their respective writings and discoveries. 


22 


VADE MECUM. 


(9.) To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court. 

(10.) To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on 
the high seas, and offences against the law of nations. 

(11.) To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and 
make rules concerning captures on land and water. 

(12.) To raise and support armies; but no appropriation of 
money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years. 

(13.) To provide and maintain a navy. 

(14.) To make rules for the government and regulation of the 
land and naval forces. 

(15.) To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the 
laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions. 

(10.) To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the 
militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed 
in the service of the United States, reserving to the States re¬ 
spectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of 
training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by 
Congress. 

(17.) To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases whatsoever, 
over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may by 
cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, 
become the seat of the government of the United States ; and 
to exercise like authority over all places purchased, by the con¬ 
sent of the Legislature of the State in which the same shall be, 
for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and 
other needful buildings. And 

(18.) To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper 
for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other 
powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the 
United States, or in any department or officer thereof. 

section 9. 

(1.) The migration or importation of such persons, as any of 
the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be 
prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight 
hundred and eight; but a tax or duty may be imposed on such 
importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. 

(2.) The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be 
suspended, unless, when in cases of rebellion or invasion, the 
public safety may require it. 

(3.) No bill of attainder, or ex post facto law, shall be passed. 

(4.) No capitation, or other direct tax, shall be laid, unless in 
proportion to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to 
be taken. 

(5.) No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from 
any State. No preference shall be given, by any regulation of 
commerce or revenue, to the ports of one State over those of 


VADE MECUM. 23 

another; nor shall vessels bound to, or from, one State be 
obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. 

(6.) No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in con¬ 
sequence of appropriations made by law ; and a regular state¬ 
ment and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public 
money shall be published from time to time. 

(7.) No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States; 
and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them 
shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, 
emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, 
prince, or foreign State. 


SECTION 10. - 

(1.) No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confede¬ 
ration ; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit 
bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender 
in payment of debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex poi'it facto 
law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any 
title of nobility. 

(2.) No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay 
any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may 
be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and 
the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any State on 
imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the 
United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision 
and control of the Congress. No State shall, without the con¬ 
sent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships 
of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact 
with another State or with a foreign power, or engage in war, 
unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not 
admit of delay. 

ARTICLE II. 

SECTION 1. 

(1.) The executive power shall be vested in a President of the 
United States of America. He shall hold his office during the 
term of four years, and together with the Vice-President, chosen 
for the same term, be elected as follows :— 

(2.) Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legisla¬ 
ture thereof may direct, a number of electors equal to the whole 
number of senators and representatives to which the State may 
be entitled in the Congress; but no senator or representative, 
or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United 
States, shall be appointed an elector. 

(3.) The electors shall meet in their respective States, and 
vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be 


24 


VADE MECUM. 


an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they 
shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number 
of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and 
transmit sealed to the seat of government of the United States, 
directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the 
Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Repre¬ 
sentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then 
be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes 
shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole 
number of electors appointed ; and if there be more than one 
who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, 
then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by 
ballot one of them for President; and if no person have a ma¬ 
jority, then from the five highest on the list the said House 
shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the 
President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation 
from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose 
shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the 
States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a 
choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, the 
person having the greatest number of votes of the electors shall 
be the Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more 
who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by 
ballot the Vice-President. 

(4.) The Congress may determine the time of choosing the 
electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes; 
which day shall be the same throughout the United States. 

(5.) No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of 
the United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitu¬ 
tion, shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall 
any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained 
to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident 
within the United States. 

(6.) In case of the removal of the President from office, or of 
his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and 
duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice- 
President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of 
removal, death, resignation, or inability both of the President 
and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as 
President, and such officer shall act accordingly until the disa¬ 
bility be removed, or a President shall be elected. 

(7.) The President shall, at stated times, receive for his ser¬ 
vices a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor di¬ 
minished during the period for which he shall have been elected, 
and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument 
from the United States, or any of them. 

(8.) Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall 
take the following oath or affirmation :— 


VADB MECUM. 


25 


“ I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute 
the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best 
of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of 
the United States.” 


section 2. 

(1.) The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army 
and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several 
States, when called into the actual service of the United States; 
he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in 
each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to 
the duties of their respective offices ; and he shall have power to 
grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United 
States, except in cases of impeachment. 

(2.) He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of 
the senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators 
present concur ; and he shall nominate, and by and with the 
advice and consent of the Senate shall appoint ambassadors, 
other public ministers and consuls, judges of the supreme court, 
and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments 
are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be estab¬ 
lished by law. But the Congress may by law vest the appoint¬ 
ment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the Presi¬ 
dent alone, in the courts of law, or iu the heads of departments. 

(3.) The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies 
that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting 
commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session. 

section 3. 

He shall, from time to time, give to the Congress information 
of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration 
such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient. He 
may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both houses, or either 
of them ; and in case of disagreement between them, with respect 
to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time 
as he shall think proper. He shall receive ambassadors and 
other public ministers. He shall take care that the laws be 
faithfully executed : and shall commission all the officers of the 
United States. 

SECTION 4." 

The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the 
United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, 
and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and 
misdemeanors. 

3 


2G 


VADE MECUM. 


ARTICLE III. 

SECTION 1. 

The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one 
supreme court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may, 
from time to time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of 
the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during 
good behavior; and shall, at stated times, receive for their 
services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during 
their continuance in office. 


section 2. 

(1.) The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and 
equity, arising under this constitution, the laws of the United 
States, and treaties made, or which shall be made under their 
authority; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public 
ministers, and consuls ; to all cases of admiralty and maritime 
jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall 
be a party ; to controversies between two or more States ; be¬ 
tween a State and citizens of another State; between citizens of 
different States ; between citizens of the State claiming lands 
under grants of different States, and between a State, or the 
citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens or subjects. 

(2.) In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers 
and consuls, and those in which a State shall be a party, the 
supreme court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other 
cases before mentioned, the supreme court shall have appellate 
jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and 
under such regulations as the Congress shall make. 

(3.) The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, 
shall be by jury ; and such trial shall be held in the State where 
the said crimes shall have been committed ; but when not com¬ 
mitted within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places 
as the Congress may by law have directed. 

section 3. 

(1.) Treason against the United States shall consist only in 
levying war against them or in adhering to their enemies, giving 
them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason 
unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, 
or on confession in open court. 

(2.) The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment 
of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of 
blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. 


VAT)E MECUM. 


27 


ARTICLE IV. 

SECTION 1. 

Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public 
acts, records, and judicial proceedings ofevery other State. And 
the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in 
which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and 
the effect thereof. 

SECTION 2. 

(1.) The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privi¬ 
leges and immunities of citizens in the several States. 

(2.) A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or 
other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another 
State, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the State 
from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State 
having jurisdiction of the crime. 

(3.) No person held to service or labor in one State, under the 
laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any 
law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or 
labor, but shall be delivered up, on claim of the party to whom 
such service or labor may be due. 

section 3. 

(1.) New States may be admitted by the Congress into this 
Union ; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the 
jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the 
junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the 
consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as 
of the Congress. 

(2.) The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make 
all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other 
property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this 
Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of 
the United States, or of any particular State. 

section 4. 

The United States shall guaranty to every State in this 
Union a republican form of government, and shall protect 
each of them against invasion ; and on application of the Legis¬ 
lature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be 
convened), against domestic violence. 

ARTICLE V. 

(1.) The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall 
deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitu- 


28 


YADE MECUM. 


tion, or, on the applications of the Legislatures of two-thirds of 
the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amend¬ 
ments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and 
purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legis¬ 
latures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions 
in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratifica¬ 
tion may be proposed by the Congress ; provided, that no 
amendment, which may be made prior to the year one thousand 
eight hundred and eight, shall in any manner affect the first and 
fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and that 
no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its ecpial suf¬ 
frage in the Senate. 


ARTICLE VI. 


(1.) All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, 
before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against 
the United States, under this Constitution, as under the Con¬ 
federation. . 

(2.) This Constitution, and the laws of the United States, 
which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, 
or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, 
shall be the supreme law of the land ; and the judges in every 
State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or 
laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. 

(3.) The senators and representatives before mentioned, and 
the members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive 
and judicial officers, both of the United States and the several 
States, shall be bound, by oath or affirmation, to support this 
Constitution ; but no religious test shall ever be required as a 
qualification to any office or public trust under the United 
States. 


ARTICLE VII. 


(1.) The ratification of the conventions of nine States shall be 
sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the 
States so ratifying the same. 

Done in convention, by the unanimous consent of the States 
present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our 
Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of 
the Independence of the United States of America the twelfth. 
In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names. 


GEORGE WASHINGTON, President , 
and Deputy from Virginia. 


New Hampshire. 


Massachusetts. 


John Langdon, 
Nicholas Gilman. 


Nathaniel Gorham, 
Rufus King. 


VADE MECUM. 


29 


Connecticut. 

Will iam Samuel Johnson, 
Roger Sherman. 

New York. 
Alexander Hamilton. 

New Jersey. 

William Livingston, 
David Brearly, 

William Patterson, 
Jonathan Dayton. 

Pennsylvania. 

Benjamin Franklin, 
Thomas Mifflin, 

Robert Morris, 

George Clymer, 

Thomas Fitzsimmons, 
Jared Ingersoll, 

James Wilson, 

Gouverneur Morris. 


Richard Bassett, 

Jacob Broom. 

Maryland. 

James McHenry, 

Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, 
Daniel Carroll. 

Virginia. 

John Blair, 

James Madison, Jr. 

North Carolina. 

William Blount, 

Richard Dobbs Spaight, 

Hugh Williamson. 

South Carolina. 

John Rutledge, 

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, 
Charles Pinckney, 

Pierce Butler. 


Delaware. 
George Read, 

Gunning Bedford, Jr., 
John Dickinson, 

Attest, 


Georgia. 

William Few, 

Abraham Baldwin. 

William Jackson, Secretary. 


Amendments to the Constitution. 

ARTICLE I. 

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of 
religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging 
the freedom of speech, or of the press ; or the right of the 
people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government 
lor a redress of grievances. 

ARTICLE II. 

A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a 
free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall 
not be infringed. 

3 * 


30 


YADE MECUM. 


ARTICLE III. 

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in an) 7 house 
without the consent of the owner ; nor in time of war, but in a 
manner to be prescribed by law. 

ARTICLE IY. 

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, 
papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, 
shall not be violated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon 
probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particu¬ 
larly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or 
things to be seized. 

ARTICLE Y. 

No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise 
infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand 
jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the 
militia, when in actual service, in time of war or public danger; 
nor shall any person be subject, for the same offence, to be twice 
put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall be compelled, in any 
criminal case, to be witness against himself; nor be deprived of 
life, liberty or property, without due process of law ; nor shall 
private property be taken for public use without just compensa¬ 
tion. 

ARTICLE VI. 

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right 
to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State 
and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which 
district shall have been previously ascertained by law; and to be 
informed of the nature and cause of the accusation ; to be con¬ 
fronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory pro¬ 
cess for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to have the assis¬ 
tance of counsel for his defence. 

ARTICLE VII. 

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall 
exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be pre¬ 
served ; and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-exam¬ 
ined in any court of the United States than according to the 
rules of the common law. 


VADE MECUM. 


31 


ARTICLE YIII. 

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines im¬ 
posed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 

ARTICLE IX. 

The enumeration in the constitution of certain rights, shall not 
be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 

ARTICLE X. 

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Consti¬ 
tution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the 
States respectively or to the people. 

ARTICLE XI. 

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed 
to extend to any suit in law or equity cpmmenced or prosecuted 
against one of the United States, by citizens of another State, 
or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. 

ARTICLE XII. 

(1.) The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote 
by ballot for President and Vice-President; one of whom at least 
shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves; 
they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, 
and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President; 
and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as 
President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of 
the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign and 
certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of government of the 
United States, directed to the President of the Senate; the 
President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and 
House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes 
shall then be counted; the person having the greatest number 
of votes for President shall be the president, if such number be 
a majority of the whole number of electors appointed ; and if 
no person have such a majority, then from the persons having 
the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those 
voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose 
immediately by ballot the President. But in choosing the Presi¬ 
dent, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from 
each State having one vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall 
consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, 
and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. 


32 


VADE MECUM. 


And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presi¬ 
dent wheuever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, be¬ 
fore the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice- 
President shall act as President as in the case of the death or 
other constitutional disability of the President. 

(2.) The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice- 
President shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a ma¬ 
jority of the whole number of electors appointed ; and if no per¬ 
son have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list 
the Senate shall choose the Vice-President: a quorum for the 
purpose shall cousist of two-thirds of the whole number of Sena¬ 
tors, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a 
choice. 

(3.) But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of 
President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the 
United States. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

(1.) Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a 
punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly 
convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place 
subject to their jurisdiction. 

(2.) Congress shall have power to enforce this article by ap¬ 
propriate legislation. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

(1.) All persons born or naturalized in the United States, 
and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United 
States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall 
make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or 
immunities of citizens of the United States ; nor shall any State 
deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due pro¬ 
cess of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the 
equal protection of the laws. 

(2.) Representatives shall be apportioned among the several 
States according to their respective numbers, excluding Indians 
not taxed ; but when the right to vote at any election for the 
choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the 
United States, representatives in Congress, the executive and 
judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature 
thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, 
being of twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United 
States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in re¬ 
bellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall 
be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male 
citizen shall bear to the whole number of male citizeus twenty- 
one years of age in such State. 


VADE MECUM. 


33 


(3.) No person shall be a senator, or representative in Con¬ 
gress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any 
office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any 
State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of 
Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member 
of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of 
any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall 
have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or 
given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, 
by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. 

(4.) The validity of the public debt of the United States, au¬ 
thorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pen¬ 
sions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or 
rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States 
nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation in¬ 
curred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United 
States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave ; 
but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal 
and void. 

(5.) The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate 
legislation, the provisions of this article. 

ARTICLE XV. 

(1.) The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall 
not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, 
on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 

(2.) The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by 
appropriate legislation. 


Note. —At the fourth Presidential election Thomas Jefferson 
and Aaron Burr were the Democratic candidates for President 
and Vice-President. By the electoral returns they had an even 
number of votes. In the House of Representatives, Burr, by 
intrigue, got up a party to vote for him for President, and the 
House was so divided that there was a tie. A contest was 
carried on for several days, and so warmly, that even sick members 
were brought to the House on their beds. Finally one of Burr’s 
adherents withdrew, and Jefferson was elected by one majority, 
which was the occasion of the adoption of Article XII. 

Brief Sketch of the Lives of the Presidents of the 

United States. 

It is not our intention to write the lives of the Presidents who 
have ruled over this great nation, but we have believed that a 
short sketch might be interesting and useful, especially to foreign 
visitors. 



34 


VADE MECUM. 


George Washington. Who has not read of this great libera¬ 
tor, the first President? He was born on the 22d of February, 
1732. His father’s name was Augustin Washington, and his 
mother’s, before the marriage, was Mary Ball, she being the 
second wife. From his youth he displayed the most noble quali¬ 
ties of mind. At the age of 19 years he was appointed major, 
or commander, of a military district. Colonel of an expedition, 
he was the innocent cause of a war of seven years between France 
and England, which countries then were disputing the possession 
of the Ohio River. In the year 1775, he was commander-in¬ 
chief of the American forces. The mission was a very danger¬ 
ous one. The colonies had no fleet, neither army nor military 
organization, while England, on the other side, was one of the 
strongest military powers. After many struggles, defeats, and 
victories, on the 19th of April, 1783, eight years after the de¬ 
claration of Independence, was commuuicated to the American 
Army the announcement of the conclusion of a treaty of peace 
signed at Paris. On the 4th of December Washington took 
leave of his army and returned to his home at Mount Vernon. 
On his way the 13th of December, 1783, he tendered his resigna¬ 
tion to the Continental Congress then assembled at Annapolis. 
It was now deemed necessary to establish the government of the 
thirteen States upon a different basis. Accordingly in the year 
1787, a convention was called in Philadelphia to which Washing¬ 
ton was sent as a delegate from Virginia, and unanimously 
elected President of the convention. The above constitution 
was the result of this conference, which constitution being ap¬ 
proved, Washington by unanimity was elected as the first Pre¬ 
sident of the United States. On the 3d of April, 1789, he was 
inaugurated, and at the expiration of four years he was re-elected, 
after which time he retired from public life. At ten o’clock of 
the evening of Saturday, 14th of December, 1799, he died. On 
the 8th of the next month his body was interred in his tomb at 
Mount Vernon. 

John Adams, the second President of the United States, was 
born in Quincy, Massachusetts, on the 30th of October, 1735. 
His father sought to make him a minister of the Presbyterian 
Church, but the boy, like many others, had a dislike for books, 
and, to his father who asked him what he intended to do, he an¬ 
swered: “ I will be a farmer.” “Well, then,” said the father, 
“ it is time that you leave play and begin to work.” He was 
then 14 years of age. The following morning he went to work 
in the field, but in the evening, being tired, he told his father, 
that he intended to try the study of books. He was gladly sent 
to school. At sixteen years he entered Harvard College, where 
he graduated in the year 1755. At the age of 22 he opened his 
office of law. On the opening of hostilities between the colonies 
and the English government, many collisions occurred in Bos- 


YADE MECUM. 


35 


ton between the civil and military authorities. Adams always 
defended the civil power, many times with happy success. He 
was sent as one of the five delegates to the Congress at Phila¬ 
delphia in 1774. He supported Lee’s motion, and was one of 
the committee chosen to draft the declaration. Adams was a 
very excellent orator. In the month of November, 1777, he was 
made delegate to France instead of Silas Duane, with the mis¬ 
sion to exert himself with Franklin and Lee, who were there to 
obtain from that government the help which they needed. He 
arrived at Paris on the 8th of the month of April, and, by the 
court and people was received with great kindness. At this 
time, he lived with the greatest economy in order that he might 
not prove burdensome to his country. The alliance treaty had 
been signed before his arrival. Considering his presence of no 
use, he concluded to return, and took passage at once for Amer¬ 
ica, and arrived in Boston the 2d of August, 1779. The 13th of 
November of the same year, Adams was again crossing the sea 
with the mission to negotiate with England a treaty, so soon as 
this nation seemed disposed to do it. On this occasion Adams 
was not in accord with Franklin, and having had some words 
with the French Minister, Count of Vergennes, he decided to go 
to Netherland, where he did good service by negotiating a loan, 
and securing many commercial advantages, for which he received 
the thanks of Congress. He succeeded in compelling the ac¬ 
knowledgment of himself as minister of the United States, and 
could announce the second treaty of alliance. On the 24th of 
February, 1785, the treaty of peace with England having been 
signed, Adams was elected ambassador to the Court of St. James. 
When the Constitution was adopted, Adams was elected Yice- 
President of the United States. Notwithstanding the efforts of 
the democratic party, who accused Adams of monarchical pro¬ 
pensities, he was re-elected Vice-President. On the 4th of 
March, 1797, he was installed President of the United States. 
At the expiration of his term, Adams retired to private life, and 
the only privilege he received was exemption from the post¬ 
taxes in sending or receiving his correspondence. The 4th of 
July, 1826, he died, at 90 years of age. 

Thomas Jefferson, third President, was born the 2d April, 
1743. As a scholar, he was a favorite both of his companions 
and his teachers. In the year 1760 he entered college, where he 
lived in great style, keeping beautiful horses, and being well re¬ 
ceived in society. In the second year he abandoned these 
pleasures in order to dedicate himself wholly to study. After 
leaving college, he entered the office of lawyer Wyth. In 1772 
he married a Mary Skelton, a beautiful aud rich widow, who 
brought him 40,000 acres of land and 135 slaves. Notwith¬ 
standing this fortune, he was ever one of the most ardent partisans 
against slavery. In 1774 Jefferson published a pamphlet with 


36 


VADE MECUM. 


the title, “ Summary View of the Right of British America,” 
which was so attractive that many editions of it were published 
in England. Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, 
which was amended by Adams and Franklin, and afterwards by 
Congress in general session. In 1779 Jefferson was elected 
Governor of the State of Virginia. In November, 1782, he was 
sent as minister to negotiate a treaty with England. In 1784 he 
was a member of a committee charged with an important pro¬ 
ject relating to the form of government for the large portion of 
land then known as the Northwestern Territory. In 1784 he 
was nominated minister plenipotentiary to negotiate treaty with 
foreign powers. In 1786 he was in London to secure a com¬ 
mercial treaty. In France he was well loved by the French 
Republicans. In 1789 he came back to America. Washington 
called him to the place of Secretary of State. He was elected 
Vice-President in the year 1797, and in 1801 he was elected 
President. In 1804 Jefferson was re-elected with great unan¬ 
imity. He was then 62 years of age. Having finished his 
second term as President, he retired to his country seat, at 
Monticello. On the 4th of July, 1826, just fifty years after the 
Declaration of Independence, he died, aged 83. 

James Madison, the fourth President, was born the 16th of 
March, 1751, at Montpelier farm, twenty-five miles from the house 
of Jefferson. In the year 1769 he entered the college at Prince¬ 
ton, of which the illustrious doctor Witherspoon was then presi¬ 
dent. At 20 years of age he graduated. Madison appeared 
in public for the first time, with Jefferson, as a defender of re¬ 
ligious freedom. In 1776, at the age of 26 years, he was elected 
member of the convention of Virginia. The following year he 
was candidate for the general assembly, but he did not succeed. 
In 1784 he was elected member of the Virginia legislature. He 
defended and advocated the revision of the old statutes, the 
abrogation of the right of primogeniture, and the establishment 
of religious liberty. Washington offered him a mission to 
France, and the place of Secretary of State, which he refused. 
In the year 1792 Madison was known as the acknowledged chief 
of the Republican party in Congress. Jefferson nominated 
Madison Secretary of State. In March, 1809, he was elected 
President of the United States, receiving 122 votes out of 175. 
On the 18th of June, 1812, President Madison approved the 
act of Congress declaring war against Great Britain, which 
measure generally was well received in spite of the opposition 
of the federal party. The 4th March, 1813, he was inaugurated 
President a second time, and at the expiration of this term he 
retired to Montpelier. He consented, however, to be one of the 
members of the convention which met at Richmond to revise the 
Constitution of the State. The 28th of June, 1836, Madison died, 
at the age of 85 years. 


VADE MECUM. 


37 

James Monroe, fifth President, was born the 28th April, 1758, 
and received an excellent education. It was his intention to de¬ 
vote himself to the law, but afterwards he preferred to partici¬ 
pate in the struggles for his country’s freedom. He enlisted 
with Washington. At Trenton he was wounded in the elbow, 
and he distinguished himself so as to be promoted captain. 
General Washington sent him to Virginia to recruit and form a 
regiment, of which he was to be the colonel. In the year 1782, 
he was elected member of Virginia assembly. The following year 
he was sent as delegate to the Continental Congress. Return¬ 
ing to Virginia, he began to practise law in the town of Fred- 
erickburg. In 1789, he was elected a member of the Senate of 
the United States. Washington appointed him ambassador to 
the French Republic. Shortly after his return from Europe, he 
was elected governor of Virginia. By President Jefferson he 
was sent to France again, in order to acquire the territory of 
Louisiana, which he obtained for $150,000,000. From France 
he went to England, in order to obtain the recognition of the 
American rights as neutrals; and from England he went to 
Spain. In 1809, he was re-elected governor of the State, which 
position he resigned in order to accept the place of Secretary of 
State offered him by President Madison. The Secretary of War 
having resigned, he took the direction of this portfolio. He was 
inaugurated President in March, 1817, having been elected 
without much opposition. He was re-elected for a second term, 
receiving 231 votes out of a total of 232. In the year 1825, he 
retired to his home at Park Hill, accompanied by the general 
esteem and respect of his countrymen. In the year 1830, he re¬ 
moved to New York, where he died on the 4th of July, 1831, at 
the age of 73 years. 

John Quincy Adams, the 6th President of the United States, 
was born on the 11th of July, 1767, in Quincy, Massachusetts. 
When a boy he accompanied his father in his travels in Europe. 
He studied first in a school in Amsterdam, and then he entered 
the University of Leyden. In 1776, he entered the University 
of Harvard, and for three years studied law under the Hon. 
Theophilus Parsons, of Newburyport. In 1790, he opened a 
law office in Boston. In June, 1794, when only 27 years of age, 
he was appointed minister to Netherland. In 1797, he was ap¬ 
pointed minister to Portugal, but while going thither he was 
ordered to remain in London until he received further instruc¬ 
tions. These came giving him the place of minister to Berlin, 
where he arrived in 1797, and he remained there until 1799. In 
the year 1809, he was sent as ambassador to St. Petersburg. In 
1811, by President Madison, he was nominated judge of the Su¬ 
preme Court, which place he declined. In 1815, he was minister 
to London. One of the most important features of his presidency 
was the acquisition of Florida for the sum of $5,000,000. In the 
4 


38 


YADE MECUM. 


year 1825, he was elected President, but not without great op¬ 
position. In the year 1829, he returned to private life, from 
which he was again called by his election as representative to 
Congress, where he remained for 17 years without interruption. 
He died on the 22d of February, 1848, being stricken with 
paralysis ■while in his seat in the House of Representatives. 

Andrew Jackson, the 7th President, was born on the 15th of 
March, 1767, and his father died„a few months afterward. His 
widowed mother retired to the house of a brother-in-law, where 
Andrew remained 10 years. As a child he was quarrelsome and 
irreligious. One day, in the time of the revolution, he and his 
brother Robert were taken prisoners in defending the house of 
a whig. One of the English officers ordered him to clean his 
boots, “I am a prisoner of war,” answered Andrew, “not a 
servant.” This answer made the officer angry, and he wounded 
him. His mother went to Charleston and obtained the release 
of both her boys, and, barefooted, sick and wounded, they were 
obliged to walk more than forty miles to reach home. As soon 
as they arrived Robert died, and our future President was less 
than half alive. Some days after, the mother, in another journey 
to try to secure the release of the sons of her sister who were 
prisoners, died on the road, and, at the age of 14, Jackson was 
left alone in the world. He was apprenticed to a saddler. Be¬ 
coming master of a horse, he went to Charlestown, where he 
run in debt. Somebody proposed him to play a game of chance; 
staking his horse against $200, he accepted and won. With 
this money he paid his debt, and returned to his home. In 
Salisbury he began to study law with a McCay. Some time 
after he was nominated State attorney in Nashville. We lind 
him in 1796 rich, and elected a delegate to Knoxville to form a 
Constitution. The new State had a right to one member of 
Congress, and Jackson was elected. So he went to Philadelphia. 
Jackson was a pure democrat, and in Tennessee he became very 
popular, and was elected to the Senate of the United States. 
In 1798, he returned to Tennessee, resigning his place of 
Senator. Soon after he was nominated judge of the Supreme 
Court, but, on account of serious questions with Governor Levier, 
he resigned his position. In 1804, he was elected general of 
militia. When the war of 1812 began, Aaron Burr proposed 
Andrew Jackson as a man who would honor a commission; and 
the general, who was about proposing his services with 2500 
volunteers, was accepted. After the acquisition of Florida, 
Jackson was nominated governor of this new State. In the 
autumn of the year 1823, he was elected Senator of the United 
States, and in 1828, was elected President. At the end of his 
second term of the presidency he retired to his home—the 
Hermitage. During the rest of his life he was of a good 
Christian character. He died on the 8lh of June, 1845. 


YADE MECUM. 


39 


Martin Van Buren, the eighth President, was horn the 5th 
December, 1782, at Kinderhook, New York. After being 1 six. 
years in a law office in his own village, he went to New York. 
In 1821 he was elected member of the Senate of the United 
States. In 1827, was re-elected. In 1828. was elected Governor 
of the State of New York. By President Jackson he was ap¬ 
pointed Secretary of State. Upon his resignation of this office, 
he was named as ambassador to London, but his nomination 
was not ratified by the Senate. In 1832 he was elected Vice- 
President. The 20th of May, 1836, Van Buren was elected 
President.. In March, 1841, he retired from the office. In 
1848 he retired to Lindenweld, where he died, on the 24th July, 
1862. 

William Henry Harrison, the ninth President, was born in 
Virginia, the 9th of February, 1773. Nominated a cadet in the 
army, he was successively lieutenant and then captain command¬ 
ing the fortress of Washington. In the year 1797, after present¬ 
ing his resignation, he was appointed secretary of the Governor 
of the territory of the Northwest. In 1800 he was nominated 
Governor of the Indian 'Territory, in which place he remained 
twelve years consecutively. In 1816 General Harrison was 
elected a member of the House of Representatives. In 1819 he 
was elected senator of Ohio. By President Adams he was 
nominated ambassador to the Republic of Columbia, but, being 
recalled by President Jackson, he retired to his farm on the 
Ohio, "where he accepted the humble place, clerk of the County 
Court of Hamilton District. In 1836 he was nominated for the 
Presidency, and defeated; but being nominated again, in 1840, 
was elected President. He died April 4th, 1841, from an attack 
of pleurisy. 

John Tyler, the tenth President of the United States, born 
the 29th March, 1790, graduated at college, at 17 years of age, 
and begun the study of law. At 19 he began to practise, and 
met with success. At the age of 26 years he was elected mem¬ 
ber of Congress, but on account of his health he was obliged to 
retire, although he could not refuse to be a member of the Legis¬ 
lature of his own State. In 1825 was elected Governor, and re¬ 
elected afterward. He was elected United States senator under 
the Presidency of Adams, and joined the opposition. In 1839 
he was elected Vice-President of the United States. In 1841, 
President. In the late civil war he joined the Confederates, by 
whom he was sent to their Congress. He died in 1862. 

James Knox Polk, the eleventh President, was born the 
2d November, 1795. In 1813 he was sent to the Academy of 
Murf'reesborough, apd in 1815 entered the University of North 
Carolina. In 1823 he was elected to the Legislature of 'Ten¬ 
nessee. In 1825 was elected member of Congress, in which 
place he remained fourteen years consecutively. For five 


40 . 


VADE MECUM. 


sessions Polk was president of the Chamber of Deputies. In 
1839, in Nashville, he was inaugurated Governor. On the 4th 
March, 1845, he took the oath as President of the United States. 
The 15th June, 1849, lie died, at the age of 44 years. 

Zachary Taylor, the twelfth President, was born the 24th 
November, 1784, in the county of Orange, Virginia. He passed 
through all the grades in the army. In 1849 he was inaugu¬ 
rated as President, but one year later, after a short sickness, he 
died, on the 9th July, 1850. 

Millarii^ Fillmore, the thirteenth President, was born of 
humble parentage, on the 7th January, 1800. He did not re¬ 
ceive the advantage of an education in his youth ; nevertheless, 
the judge, Walter Wood, surprised by his intelligence, and his 
pleasant features, became his friend, took him into his office, 
and defrayed his expenses. In 1829 he was elected represen¬ 
tative of the State of New York. In 1832 was elected to 
Congress, and in 1837 was re-elected. In 1847 was nominated 
controller of the State. In 1848 he was elected Vice-President 
of the United States ; and on the death of President Taylor, he 
succeeded him, according to the Constitution. On the 4th 
March, 1853, Fillmore retired, and travelled all through the 
South. In the year 1855 he was in Europe. In the last civil 
war he was neutral, though many believed that he was in sym¬ 
pathy with the Confederates. 

Franklin Pierce, the fourteenth President, was born the 23d 
November, 1804. In the year 1820 he entered Bowdoin College. 
In 1833 lie was elected member of Congress, and in 1837 was 
elected to the Senate. The 27th May, 1847, with the grade of 
general, he departed for the campaign of Mexico. On the 12th 
June, 1852, he was elected President, and inaugurated on the 
4th of March, 1853. In the year 1857 he retired to his home 
in Concordia, N. H. He died in 1869. 

James Buchanan, the fifteenth President, born the 23d of 
April, 1791, was of Irish descent, and of humble people. By 
great energy and sacrifice he was educated; and in 1812 was 
elected to Congress. In 1856 he was elected President. During 
his term began the terrible war of the rebellion. He died in 
1868. 

Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President, was the son of a poor 
but honest farmer. Having lost his mother, he began to write 
letters for those who could not write, and thus helped his father. 
At 19 years of age a neighbor offered Abraham an opportunity 
to travel. At 23 years of age he was proposed as a candidate 
for the Legislature of the State, but was unsuccessful. Jackson 
nominated him post agent at Salem. Then? he began to study. 
In 1834 he was elected to the Legislature, to which he was 
re-elected in 1836. Mr. Stuart proposed to Lincoln to be his 
partner, which was accepted, and he removed to Springfield, the 


VADE MECUM. 


41 


capital. In the mean time he was elected to the Legislature, 
and was considered the leader of the whig party. In the prac¬ 
tice of his profession, his success was such that he was engaged 
in every important trial. In 1846 Lincoln was elected member 
of Congress. On the 15th of June, 1860, he was elected Presi¬ 
dent. Many States separated from the Union, and civil war 
spread over the vast empire. He was re-elected, but scarcely 
had he entered upon his second term when -he was assassinated 
by a desperado acting in sympathy with the Confederate cause. 
Such was the end of one of the greatest presidents of the United 
States. Just, humane, charitable, religious, liberal, he died of the 
martyrs of the just. 

Andrew Johnson, the 17th President, born the 29th of De¬ 
cember, 1808, in Raleigh, was of very humble parentage. He 
enjoyed no advantage of education, but learned to be a tailor. 
An old man used to go to the shop to read to his master. This 
moved the ambition of the boy, and he began to learn the alpha¬ 
bet. Sacrificing his hours of rest and recreation, with the help 
of other workmen, he learned to read. In 1828 his popularity 
was such that he was chosen as alderman, and two years after 
mayor of the city. In 1835 he was elected member of the House 
of Representatives of Tennessee. In 1841 he was elected Senator 
of the State. In 1843 was elected member of the Congress, 
where he remained ten years. In 1853 he was elected Governor 
of Tennessee, and re-elected in 1855. The 14th of November, 
1864, he was elected Vice-President of the United States, and, 
at the death of President Lincoln, he succeeded him as President 
of the United States. 

Ulysses S. Grant, the 18th and actual President of the United 
States, was born the 27th of April, 1822, in the county of Cler¬ 
mont, on the Ohio, near Cincinnati. Until the age of 17 years 
he helped his father in his tannery, going every day to school. 
A£ the above age he entered the Academy of West Point, pass¬ 
ing through all the grades of corporal, sergeant, and non-com¬ 
missioned officer. The first of June, 1843, he received the brevet 
of under-lieutenant of infantry ; and in 1845 was under the orders 
of General Taylor in the war with Mexico. On the 13th of Sep¬ 
tember he was promoted captain. In retiring from the service 
he married Miss Dent, of St. Louis, where he retired, occupying 
his farm. On the opening of the civil war he was appointed in¬ 
structor of the volunteers of the State of Illinois, and then was 
nominated colonel of the 21st Regiment in June, 1861, and 
brigadier general in August. In February, 1862, he was general. 
In October, 1862, was nominated commander of the department 
of Tennessee, including the Mississippi to Vicksburg. The ses¬ 
sion of Congress of 1863 ordered a medal to testify the thanks 
of both Houses for the services of General Grant, and in March, 
1864, he was nominated lieutenant-general. The 16th of April, 

4* 


42 


VADE MECUM. 


1865, Johnston surrendered to General Sherman, but Congress 
disapproved the conditions, and sent General Grant, who ac¬ 
corded him the same capitulation accorded to General Lee. The 
21st of May, 1868, the National Republican Convention met in 
Chicago, and nominated General Grant to the Presidency. In 
the election he was successful, and at the end of the first term 
he was re-elected. On a very cold day in March, 1873, I had 
the pleasure of witnessing the inauguration of a President of the 
great Republic. The question of his election for a third term 
remains yet to be settled. The elections are near at hand, and 
soon we will know whether General Grant will or will not be 
nominated as candidate. We end these brief sketches, observing 
how happy is a nation which chooses her own rulers. In Europe, 
where all monarchy is hereditary, they used to consider the word 
Republic, or free government by free people, as synonymous with 
the words theft, murder, injustice, and anarchy. 


The Actual Government of the United States. 

President. — Ulysses S. Grant, of Illinois. 

Vice-President. — [Vacant by decease of Henry Wilson.] 
Private Secretary to the President. — General 0. E. Babcock, 
of Vermont. 

CABINET. 

Secretary of State. — Hamilton Fish, of New York. 

Secretary of the Treasury. — Benjamin H. Bristoiv, of Ken¬ 
tucky. 

Secretary of War. — William W. Belknap, of Iowa. 
Secretary of the Navy. — George M. Robeson, of New Jersey. 
Secretary of the Interior. — Zachariah Chandler, of Michigan. 
Postmaster-General. —Marshall Jewell, of Connecticut. 
Attorney-General — Edwards Pierrepont, of New York. 


The Members of the Forty-Fourth Congress. 

(Commences Dec. 6, 1875.) 

SENATE. 

President of the Senate .-— Thomas W. Ferry, of Michigan. 
Secretary of the Senate. —George C. Gorham, of California 


Democrats, 29. Republicans, 40. Independents, Reformers, and 
Liberal Republicans, 4. Vacant, 1. 


Term expires. 

Alabama. 

1877 George Goldthwaite, Dem. 
1879 George E, Spencer, Rep. 


Term expires. 

A rkansas. 

1877 Powell Clayton, Rep. 

1879 Stephen W. Dorsey, Rep. 



VAPE MECUM. 


43 


Term expires. 

California. 

1879 Aaron A. Sargent, Rep. 
1881 Newton Booth, Ind. 

Connecticut. 

187G Jas. E. English, appoint’d. 
1881 William W. Eaton, Dem. 

Delaware. 

1877 Ely Saulsbury, Bern. 

1881 Thos. F. Bayard, Dem. 
Florida. 

1879 Simon B. Conover, Rep. 
1881 Chus. W. Jones, Dem. 

Georgia. 

1877 Thos. M. Norwood, Dem. 
1879 John B. Gordon, Dem. 
Illinois. 

1877 John A. Logan, Rep. 
1879 Richard J. Oglesby, Rep. 
Indiana. 

1879 Oliver P. Morton, Rep. 
1881 Jos. E. McDonald, Dem. 
Iowa. 

1877 George G. Wright, Rep. 
1879 William B. Allison, Rep. 
Kansas. 

1877 James M. Harvey, Rep. 
1879 John J. Ingalls, Rep. 

Kentucky. 

1877 J. W. Stevenson, Dem. 
1879 Thos. C. McOreery, Dem. 
Louisiana. 

1877 J. Rodman West, Rep. 
1879 

Maine. 

1877 Lot M. Morrill, Rep. 

1881 Hannibal Hamlin, Rep. 
Maryland. 

1879 George R. Dennis, Dem. 

1881 W. Pinckney White, Dem. 
Massachusetts. 

1877 George S. Boutwell, Rep 
1881 Henry L. Dawes, Rep. 
Mich igan. 

1877 Thomas W. Ferry, Rep. 
1881 Isaac P. Christiaucy, lnd. 
Minnesota. 

l877 William Windom, Rep. 
^881 S. J. R. McMillan, Ipd. 


Term expires. 

Mississippi. 

1877 James L. Alcorn, Rep. 
1881 B. K. Bruce (col’d) Rep. 

Missouri. 

1879 Louis Y. Bogy, Dem. 
1881 Frank M. Cockrell, Dem. 
Nebraska. 

1877 Phin. W. Hitchcock, Rep. 
1881 Alger. S. Paddock, Rep. 
Nevada. 

1879 John P. Jones, Rep. 

1881 William Sharon, Rep. 

New Hampshire. 

1877 Aaron H. Cragin, Rep. 
1879 Bain. Wadleigh, Rep. 

hip'll) .Tpvqp'ii 

1877 F.T. Frelinghuysen, Rep. 
1881 Theo. F. Randolph, Dem. 

New York. 

1879 Roscoe Cockling, Rep. 
1881 Francis Kernan, Dem. 

North Carolina. 

1877 Mat. W. Ransom, Dem. 
1879 Aug. S. Merrimon, Dem. 

Ohio. 

1879 John Sherman, Rep. 

1881 Allen G. Thurman, Dem. 

Oregon. 

1877 James K. Kelly, Rep. 
1879 John H. Mitchell, Dem. 

Pennsylvania. 

1879 Simon Cameron, Rep. 
1881 W m. A. Wallace, Dem. 

Rhode Island. 

1877 Henry B. Anthony, Rep. 
1881 Amb. E. Burnside, Rep. 

South Carolina. 

1877 Thos. J. Robertson, Rep. 
1879 John J. Patterson, Rep. 

Tennessee. 

1877 Henry Cooper, Dem. 

D. M. Key, pro tern, until 
Legislature meets. 

Texas. 

1877 Morg. C. Hamilton, Ind. 
1881 Samuel B. Maxey, Dem. 




44 


VADE MEOUM. 


Term expires. 

Vermont. 

1879 Justin S. Morrill, Rep. 
1881 George F. Edmunds, Rep. 
Virginia. 

1877 John W. Johnston, Dem. 
1881 Robert E. Withers, Dem. 


Term expires. 

West Virginia. 

1877 Henry C. Davis, Dem. 
1881 Allen T. Caperton, Dem. 

Wisconsin. 

1877 Timothy 0. Howe, Rep. 
1881 Angus Cameron, Rep. 


HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 


Democrats, 172. Republicans, 105. 
and Liberal Republicans, 12. Vacant, 2. 
trict contested. 


Distinct. 

Alabama. 

At large—B. B. Lewis, Dem. 

“ “ W. Id. Forney, Dem. 

1 Jere. Haralson (col’d), Rep. 

2 Jere. N. Williams, Dem. 

3 Paul Bradford, Dem. 

4 Charles Hays, Rep. 

5 John H. Caldwell, Dem. 

6 Goldsmith W. Hewitt, Dem. 

A rkansas. 

1 Lucien C. Gause, Dem. 

2 William F. Slemons, Dem. 

3 W. W. Wilshire, Dem. 

4 Thomas M. Gunter, Dem. 

California. 

1 W. A. Piper, Dem. 

2 H. F. Page, Rep. 

3 John K. Lutrell, Dem. 

4 P. D. Wigginton, Dem. 

Connecticut. 

1 George M. Landers, Dem. 

2 James Phelps, Dem. 

3 H. H. Starkweather, Rep. 

4 Wm. H. Barnum, Dem. 

Delaware. 

James Williams, Dem. 
Florida. 

1 Wm. J. Purman, Rep. 

2 J. T. Walls (col’d) Rep. 

Georgia. 

1 Julian Hartridge, Dem. 

2 Wm. E. Smith, Dem. 

3 Philip Cook, Dem. 


Independent Reformers 
Fifth Louisiana Dis- 

District. 

4 Henry R. Harris, Dem. 

5 Milton A. Candler, Dem. 

6 James H. Blount, Dem. 

7 Wm. H. Felton, Dem. 

8 Alex. H. Stepheus, Dem. 

9 Benjamin Hill, Dem. 

Illinois. 

1 Bernard G. Gaulfield, Dem. 

2 Carter H. Harrison, Dem. 

3 Charles B. Farwell, Rep. 

4 Stephen A. Ilurlbut, Rep. 

5 Horatio C. Burcbard, Rep. 

6 Thomas J. Henderson, Rep. 

7 Alex. Campbell, Ind. 

8 Greenbury L. Fort, Rep. 

9 Richard H. Whiting, Rep. 

10 John C. Bagby, Ind. 

11 Scott Wike, Dem. 

12 W. M. Springer, Dem. 

13 Adlai E. Stevenson, Ind. 

14 Joseph G. Cannon, Rep. 

15 John R. Eden, Dem. 

16 W. A. J. Sparks, Dem. 

17 Wm. R. Morrison, Dem. 

18 Wm. Hartzell, Dem. 

19 Wm. B. Anderson, Ind. 

Indiana. 

1 Benoni S. Fuller, Dem. 

2 James D. Williams, Dem. 

3 Michael C. Kerr, Dem. 

4 Jeptha D. New, Dem. 

5 Wm. S. Holman, Dem. 

6 Milton S. Robinson, Rep. 





VADE MECUM. 


45 


District. 

7 Franklin Landers, Pem. 

8 Morton C. H unter, Ilep. 

9 Thomas J. Cason, Rep. 

10 Win, 8. Raymond, Pem. 

11 James L. Evans, Rep. 

12 And. H. Hamilton, Pem. 
Li John H. Baker, Rep. 

Iowa. 

1 George W. McCrary, Rep. 

2 John Q. Tufts, Rep. 

3 L. L. Ainsworth, Pem. 

4 Henry O. Pratt, Rep. 

5 James Wilson, Rep. 

G E. S. Sampson, Rep. 

7 John A Kasson, Rep. 

8 James W. McDill, Rep. 

9 Addison Oliver, Rep. 

Kansas. 

1 W. R. Philips, Rep. 

2 John R. Goodwin, Pem. 

3 Wm. R. Brown, Rep. 

Kentucky. 

1 A. R. Boone, Pem. 

2 John G. Brown, Pem. 

3 Charles W. Milliken, Pem. 

4 J. Proctor Knott, Pem. 

5 E. J. Parsons, Pem. 

6 Thomas L. Jones, Pem. 

7 J. C. S. Blackburn, Pem. 

8 Milton J. Durham, Pem. 

9 John P. White, Rep. 

10 John B. Clarke, Pem. 

Louisiana. 

1 Randall L. Gibson, Pem. 

2 E. John Ellis, Pem. 

3 Chester B. Darrall, Rep. 

4 W. M. Levy, Pem. 

5 Frank Morey, Rep. 

6 Charles E. Nash, Rep. 

Maine. 

1 John H. Burleigh, Rep. 

2 William P. Frye, Rep. 

3 James C. Blaine, Rep. 

4 Harris M. Plaisted, Pem. 

5 Eugene Hale, Rep. 

Maryland. 

1 Philip F. Thomas, Pem. 


District. 

2 Charles S. Roberts, Pem. 

3 W. J. O’Brien, Pem. 

4 Thomas Swann, Pem. 

5 Ch. J. Henkle, Pem. 

G William Walsh, Pem. 

Massach usetts. 

1 W. R. Crapo, Rep. 

2 Benj. W. Harris, Rep. 

3 Henry L. Fierce, Rep. 

4 Rufus L. Frost. Rep. 

5 N. P. Banks, Rep. 

6 Chas. P. Thompson, Pem. 

7 John Iv. Tarbox, Pem. 

8 W. W. Warren, Pem. 

9 George F. Hoar, Rep. 

10 Julius H. Seelye, Rep. 

11 Chester W. Chapin, Pem. 

Michigan. 

1 A. S. Williams, Pem. 

2 Henry Waldron, Rep. 

3 George Willard, Rep. 

4 Allen Potter, Pem. 

5 W*. B. Williams. Rep. 

G G. H. Durand, Pem. 

7 Omar I). Conger, Rep. 

8 Nath’l B. Bradley, Rep. 

9 Jay A. Hubbell, Rep. 

Minnesota. 

1 Mark H. Duunell, Rep. 

2 Horace B. Strait, Rep. 

3 W. S. King, Rep. 

Mississippi. 

1 L. Q. C. Lamar, Pem. 

2 G. Wiley Wells, Rep. 

3 H 0. Money, Pem. 

4 Otho R. Singleton, Pem. 

5 C. E. Hooker, Pem. 

6 Roderick Seal, Pem. 

Missouri. 

1 Edward 0. Kerr, Pem. 

2 Erastus Wells, Pem. 

3 W. H. Stone, Dem. 

4 Robert A. Hatcher, Pem. 

5 Richard P. Bland, Pem. 

G Charles H. Morgan, Pem. 

7 John Z. Philips, Pem. 

8 Benjamin J. Franklin, Pem. 




46 


VADE MECUM. 


District. 

9 David Rhea. Dem. 

10 R. A. De Bolt, Dem. 

11 John B. Clark, Jr., Dem. 

12 John M. Glover, Dem. 

13 Aylett H. Buckner, Dem. 

Nebraska. 

Lorenzo Orounse, Rep. 
Nevada. 

W. Woodburn, Rep. 

New Hampshire. 

1 Frank Jones, Dem. 

2 Samuel N. Bell, Dem. 

3 Henry W. Blair, Rep. 

New Jersey. 

1 E. H. Sinnickson, Rep. 

2 Samuel A. Dobbins, Rep. 

3 Miles Ross, Dem. 

4 Robert Hamilton, Dem. 

5 Augustus W. Cutler, Dem. 

6 Frederick H. Tesse, Dem. 

7 A. A. Hardenberg, Dem. 

New York. 

1 Henry B. Metcalf, Dem. 

2 John G. Schumaker, Dem. 

3 S. B. Chittenden, Ref. 

4 Arch M. Bliss, Ref. 

5 Edwin R. Meade, Dem. 

0 Samuel S. Cox, Dem. 

7 Smith Ely, Jr. Dem. 

8 Elijah Ward, Dem. 

9 Fernando Wood, Dem. 

10 Abram S. Hewitt, Dem. 

11 Benj. A. Willis, Ref. 

12 N. Holmes Odell, Dem. 

13 J. O. Whitehouse, ind. 

14 George M. Beebe, Dem. 

15 John H. Bagley, Jr., Dem. 

16 Charles H. Adams, Rep. 

17 M. I. Townsend, Rep. 

18 Andrew Williams, Rep. 

19 William A. Wheeler, Rep. 

20 Henry H. Hathorn, Rep. 

21 Samuel F. Miller, Rep. 

22 George A. Bagley, Rep. 

23 Scott Lord, Dem. 

24 William IT. Baker, Rep. 

25 E. W. Leavenworth, Rep. 


District. 

26 C. D. MacDougall, Rep. 

27 E. G. Lapham. Rep. 

28 Thomas C. Platt, Rep. 

29 C. C. B. Walker, Dem. 

30 John M Davy, Rep. 

31 George G. Hoskins, Rep. 

32 Lyman K. Bass, Rep. 

33 

North Carolina. 

1 Jesse J. Yeates, Dem. 

2 J. A. Hyman (colored). 

3 Alfred M. Waddell, Dem. 

4 Joseph J. Davis, Dem. 

5 Alfred M. Scales, Dem. 

6 Thomas S. Ashe, Dem. 

7 Wm. M. Robbins, Dem. 

8 Robert B. Vance, Dem. 

Ohio. 

1 Milton Sayler, Dem. 

2 H. B. Banning, Ind. 

3 John S. Savage, Dem. 

4 John A. McMahon, Dem. 

5 Americas W. Price, Dem. 

6 Frank H. Hurd, Dem. 

7 Lawrence E. Neal, Dem. 

8 W. Lawrence, Rep. 

9 E. F. Poppleton, Dem. 

10 Charles Foster, Rep. 

11 John L. Vance, Dem. 

12 Ansel T. Walling, Dem. 

13 Milton I. Southard, Dem. 

14 Jacob P. Cowan, Dem. 

15 N. II. Van Vorhees, Rep. 

16 Lorenzo Danford. Rep. 

17 L. D. Woodworth, Rep. 

18 James Monroe, Rep. 

19 James A. Garfield, Rep. 

20 Henry B. Paiue, Dem. 

Oregon. 

W. Woodburn, Rep. 
Pennsylvania. 

1 Chapman Freeman, Rep. 

2 Charles O’Neill, Rep. 

3 Samuel J. Randall, Dem. 

4 William D. Kelley, Rep. 

5 John Robbins, Dem. 

6 Wash. Townsend, Rep. 



YADE MECUM. 


47 


District. 

7 Alan Wood, Jr., Rep. 

8 Hiester Clymer, Rem. 

9 A. Herr Smith, Rep. 

10 W. Mutchler, Dem. 

11 Frank D. Collins, Dem. 

12 W. W. Ketchum, Rep. 

13 James B. Reilly, Rem. 

14 John B. Packer, Rep. 

15 Joseph Powell, Rem. 

16 Sobieski Ross, Rep. 

17 John Reilly, Rem. 

18 W. S. Stenger, Rem. 

19 Levi Maish, Dem. 

20 L. A. Mackey, Rem. 

21 Jacob Turney, Rem. 

22 James H. Hopkins, Rem. 

23 Alex. G. Cochrane, Rem. 

24 John W. Wallace, Rep. 

25 George A. Jenks, Rem. 

26 James Sheakley, Dem. 

27 Albert G. Egbert, Dem. 

Rhode Island. 

1 Ben. E. Fames, Rep. 

2 Latimer W. Ballou, Rep. 

South Carolina. 

1 J. H. Rainev (colored). 

2 E. G. M. Mackey, Ind. 

3 Solomon L. Hoge, Rep. 

4 Alex. S. Wallace,. Rep. 

5 R. Smalls (colored). 

Tennessee. 

1 W. McFarland, Rem. 

2 Jacob M. Thornburgh, Rep. 

3 George G. Dibrell, Dem. 

4 

5 John M. Bright, Rem. 

6 John F. House, Rem. 

7 W. C. Whitthorne, Rem. 

8 John 1). C. Atkins, Rem. 

9 W. P. Caldwell, Rem. 

10 H. Casey Young, Rem. 

Texas. 

1 John II. Reagan, Rem. 

2 R. B. Culberson, Dem. 

3 J. M. Throckmorton, Rem. 

4 Roger 0. Mills, Rem. 

5 John Hancock, Rem. 

6 Gustave Schleischer, Rem. 


District. 

Vermont. 

1 Charles II. Joyce, Rep. , 

2 R. C. Denison, Ind. 

3 George W. Hendee, Rep. 

Virginia. 

1 B. B. Douglas, Rem. 

2 John Goode, Jr., Rem. 

3 Gilbert C. Walker, Rem. 

4 W. H. II. Stowell, Rep. 

5 George C. Cabell, Rem. 

6 Jas. R. Tucker, Dem. 

7 John T. Harris, Dem. 

8 Eppa Hunton, Rem. 

9 William Every, Rem. 

West Virginia- 

1 Ben. Wilson, Rem. 

2 Chas. C. Faulkner, Rem. 

3 Frank Hereford, Rem. 

Wisconsin. 

1 Charles C. Williams, Rep. 

2 L. B. Caswell, Rep. 

3 Henry S. Magoon, Rep. 

4 W. Pitt Lynde, Rem. 

5 Sam. Burchard, Dem. 

6 Alanson M. Kimball. Rep. 

7 Jeremiah M. Rusk, Rep. 

8 George W. Cate, Rem. 

TERRITORIAL DELEGATES. 

Arizona. 

H. S. Stephens, Rep. 
Colorado. 

E. M. Patterson, Rep. 
Dakota. 

J. P. Bidder, Rep. 

Idaho. 

T. W. Bennett, Rep. 

Montana. 

M. Maginnis, Rep. 

New Mexico. 

S. B. Elkins, Rep. , 

Utah 

C. Q. Cannon, Rep. 

Washington. 

0. Jacobs, Rep. 

Wyoming. 

W. R. Steele, iiep. 



48 


YADE MHJCUM 


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Eates of Postage. 

The following will show the rates of postage on letters ; also 
the postage on newspapers, books, pamphlets, and all mailable 
matter to and from all parts of the United States:— 



































































































VADE MECUM. 


49 


LETTERS. Each J oz. 

Letters to any part of the U. S.3 cts. 

Drop-letters—that is, letters mailed in a city, to be 

delivered elsewhere in the same city . . .2 cts. 

Postal cards to any part of the U. S. . .1 ct. each. 

Registered letters are charged 10 cts. in addition to the proper 
postage. 


BOOKS, TRANSIENT NEWSPAPERS, 

MDSE., ETC. 

Books, circulars, and other printed matter (includ¬ 
ing transient newspapers), seeds, cuttings, bulbs, 
roots, and scions, in packages not exceeding 4 
lbs. in weight, for each ounce or fraction thereof. 

Merchandise and samples, in packages not exceed¬ 
ing 4 lbs. in weight, for each ounce or fraction 
thereof ........ 

Newspapers, circulars, and periodicals not exceed¬ 
ing 2 oz. in weight, deposited for local delivery 

Exceeding 2 oz. 


For every 
ounce. 


1 ct. 


] Ct. 

1 ct. each. 

2 cts. each. 


All matter not prepaid at letter rates must be so wrapped that 
it can be examined without destroying the wrapper, and must 
not contain any writing whatever, inside or outside, except the 
address; but samples may be numbered to correspond with the 
numbers in a descriptive letter. 

Glass, liquids, poisons, explosives, and other dangerous mat¬ 
ters are excluded. 


Postage on Newspapers, Magazines, and Periodicals to 

Subscribers. 

The postage rates on all newspapers and periodical publica¬ 
tions, mailed from a known office of publication or news agency 
and addressed to regular subscribers or news agents, are as fol¬ 
lows :— 

On daily and weekly newspapers and periodical publications, 
and on newspapers and periodicals issued oftener than once a 
week, two [2] cents for each pound or fraction thereof. 

On newspapers and periodicals issued less frequently than 
once a week, three [3] cents per pound or fraction thereof. 

Money Orders. 

Rates on money orders in U. S.: Not exceeding $15, ten 
cents; over $20 to $30, fifteen cents; over $30 to $40, twenty 
cents ; over $40 to $50, twenty-five cents. No fractions of cents 
to be introduced. 

5 


50 


YADE MECUM. 


Money orders to Great Britain and Switzerland : Not exceed¬ 
ing $10, twenty-five cents; over $10 to $20, fifty cents; over 
$20 to $30, seventy-five cents ; over $30 to $40, one dollar; 
over $40 to $50, one dollar and twenty-five cents. 

Money orders to Germany: Not exceeding $5, fifteen cents; 
over $5 to $10, twenty-five cents; over $10 to $20, fifty cents ; 
over $20 to $30, seventy-five cents ; over $30 to $40, one dollar; 
over $40 to $50, one dollar and twenty-five cents. 

Money orders to Canada: Not exceeding $10, twenty cents ; 
over $10 to $20, forty cents; over $20 to $30, sixty cents ; over 
$30 to $40, eighty cents; over $40 to $50, one dollar. 

Postage to Foreign Countries. 

The following table shows the rates of postage chargeable on 
letters and newspapers to the foreign countries and places named 
in alphabetical order :— 


LETTERS. 

Not 

exceeding 

K oz. 

News¬ 

papers. 

Argentine Confederation 

23 cts. 

4 cts. 

Aspinwall ...... 

5 

2 

Austria ....... 

*5 

2 

Australia, via San Francisco . 

5 

2 

do via England .... 

15 

4 

do via Brindisi .... 

21 

8 

Belgium. 

*5 

2 

Bermuda, via New York 

5 

2 

Brazil, direct ...... 

15 

3 

Canada, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, etc. 

3 

t 

Cape of Good Hope .... 

*27 

4 

Chili, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru . 

17 

4 

China, via Southampton 

*27 

4 

Denmark, via England .... 

*5 

2 

East Indies, via San Francisco 

10 

2 

do via England 

*21 

4 

do via Brindisi 

*27 

8 

France ....... 

5 

2 

German States, via North German Union. 

*5 

2 

Great Britain and Ireland 

*5 

2 

Holland. 

Hong Kong, Canton, Swatow, Amoy, 

*5 

2 

and Foochow, via San Francisco 

.10 

2 

Italy, via England. 

*5 

2 

Japan, via San Francisco 

15 

4 

Liberia ....... 

*15 

4 

Mexico. 

10 

3 

Norway and Sweden .... 

*5 

2 




51 


VADE MECUM. 


LETTERS. 


Not 

exceeding 
y 2 oz. 

News¬ 

papers. 

Portugal, via Southampton . 


*5 cts. 

2 cts. 

Russia, via England 


*5 

2 

Shanghai, via San Francisco . 


5 

2 

Spain ...... 


5 

2 

Switzerland ..... 


*5 

2 

Turkey, Syria, etc., via England . 
Venezuela, by American. Packet . 


*5 

2 


10 

3 

do by British Packet 


13 

4 

West Indies, direct .... 

do (British), via St. Thomas 

5 

2 

or Havana ..... 

# 

13 

4 


The asterisk (*) indicates that the postage may be paid or 
not, at the option of the,sender of the letter. 

f The newspaper postage to Canada is the same as that to 
any part of the United States. 

Postal Cards to Foreign Countries. 

American postai cards maybe sent for an additional one-cent 
stamp to the following countries: Netherlands, Moldavia, 
Montenegro. Newfoundland, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rou- 
mania, Russia, Servia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, 
Belgium, Denmark, Egypt, Germany, Great Britain and Ireland, 
Greece, Greenland, Holland, France, Italy, Turkey, and Walla- 
chia. 

The first collection from the postal boxes, at street corners, 
is made at 8.15 A. M., and the last collection at 7.30 P. M. 
Letters that are not dropped in the boxes before 7.30 P.M. 
will not be collected until the following day. On Sundays, but 
one collection is made, which is at 7.30 P. M. 

Telegraphic Rates. 

As telegraphing has become a part of the daily transaction of 
business men. we herewith give for their information, as well as 
for that of the great number of foreigners who, from now until 
the close of the Exhibition, will be among us, the rates for tele¬ 
graphic messages to prominent places in this country and 
abroad. 

From Philadelphia to New York. 30 cents; Baltimore, 30 
cents; Washington, 40 cents; Harrisburg, 25 cents for ten 
words, and 2 cents for each additional word. 

To Boston, and throughout the New England States gene¬ 
rally, 50 cents for first ten words, and 3 cents for each additional 
word. 

To Pittsburgh, 40 cents. 





52 


VADE MECUM. 


To Syracuse, N. Y., 50 cents for ten words, and 3 cents there¬ 
after. 

To Buffalo and Rochester, N. Y., and Richmond, Va., 75 
cents for first ten, and 5 cents for each additional word. 

To Cincinnati, Chicago, Louisville, Toledo, Detroit, and In¬ 
dianapolis, $1.00 for first ten words, 7 cents each additional 
word. 

St. Louis, Nashville, and Montgomery, Ala., $1.25 first ten, 
and 8 cents each following word. 

Milwaukee, $1.10 first ten, and 7 cents each additional word. 

Mobile, Selma, Ala., and Memphis, $1.50 first ten, and ten 
cents thereafter for each word. 

New Orleans, $2 first ten, and 13 cents a word additional. 

San Francisco, $2.50 for ten words, and 17 cents thereafter 
per word. 

Montreal, Canada, $1.05 first ten, and 7 cents each additional 
word. 

St. John’s, N. B., $1.25 first ten, 8 cents a word following. 

Havana or Cuba, $5.40, gold, for first ten words, and 40 cents 
per following word. 

In sending messages throughout the United States or Canadas, 
the address of the party to whom sent, and the address of the 
person sending the message, are not counted. 

Cable Rates. 

In sending cable telegrams, every word, including address and 
superscription, is counted. 

From Philadelphia to any part of Great Britain, 53 cents per 
word, payable in gold, or its equivalent, as is the case in all 
cable despatches. 

To France same as to Great Britain, with the exception that 
the place from which the telegram is sent must be inserted ; as, 
for instance, from this city the sender must add “ Philadelphia,” 
which makes the cost on every telegram, long or short, 53 cents 
more than if sent to Great Britain. 

To all places named, in addition to the 53 cents per word, the 
charge for each twenty words, or fractional part thereof, is as 
follows : To Germany, $1.10 ; Switzerland, $1.46 ; Austria and 
Hungary, $1.50; Spain and Sweden, $1.75; Norway, $1.80; 
Italy, $1.88; Russia, $2.50; Yeddo, Japan, $42.62, and Hong- 
Kong, $30.00. 

A General View of the City. 

The city of Philadelphia, as laid out by William Penn, com¬ 
prised only that portion of the present city situated between 
South and Vine Streets and the Delaware and Schuylkill 
Rivers. Settlements were made, however, outside of these 


VADE MECUM. 


53 


boundaries, and, in tlie course of time, they became separately 
incorporated, and had separate governments, making a congeries 
of towns and districts, the whole group being known abroad 
simply as Philadelphia. Several of these were situated imme¬ 
diately contiguous to the “city proper,” viz., Southwark and 
Moyamensing to the south, and Northern Liberties, Kensing¬ 
ton, Spring Garden, and Penn District to the north, and West 
Philadelphia, all of which were practically one town, contin¬ 
uously built up. Besides these, there were a number of other 
outlying townships, villages, and settlements near the built-up 
town, though detached from it. Among these were Bridesburg, 
Frankford, Holmesburg, the unincorporated Northern Liberties, 
Port Richmond, Nicetown, Rising Sun, Fox Chase, German- 
• town, Chestnut Hill, Manayunk, Roxborough, Falls of Schuyl¬ 
kill, unincorporated Penn Township, Francisville, Hamilton 
Village, Mantua, Blockley, Kingsessing, and Passyunk. Some 
of these also became absorbed in the extending streets of the 
congeries of towns of which Philadelphia was composed* and in 
1854 they were all consolidated under one municipal govern¬ 
ment, the boundaries of which are coincident with those of the 
old county of Philadelphia. In the earlier times some of the 
districts mentioned had marked characteristics, but these have 
mostly passed away. 

Southwark , immediately on the river front, was marked by 
great wood-yards for supplying fuel before the days of anthracite 
coal; also by the sheds and yards of boat-builders and mast- 
makers, and by ship-builders’ yards down to the site of the 
United States Navy-Yard. A great many of the Southwark 
dwellings were inhabited by sea captains and seajaring men, and 
down to quite a recent period a considerable portion of its in¬ 
habitants were the families of sea-going people and “ watermen.” 
The wood-yards, mast and ship-yards have gone to other locali¬ 
ties, and their old sites are now occupied by commercial ware¬ 
houses, extensive sugar refineries, the wharves and depots of the 
sugar, molasses, and West Indies trade, the great grain ware¬ 
houses, elevators, and shipping-piers of the Pennsylvania Rail¬ 
road Company, the wharves and depots of the American and 
Red Star lines of ocean steamships. The district was also, 
characterized by the extensive machine-shops and iron-works ot 
Merricks, Morris & Tasker, Savery and others, as well as by the 
mechanical work promoted by the navy-yard. Old Southwark 
now constitutes parts of the First, Second, Third, and Fourth 
Wards of the city. 

The Northern Liberties also had its great cord-wood wharves 
and yards along the river front, and extensive lumber-yards. 
The wood-yards have mostly disappeared, and have given place 
to large markets for farm-produce, commercial warehouses, rail¬ 
road landings, depots and shipping wharves. Some ot the 

5* 


54 


vade mecum. 


lumber-yards remain, however. This district was also charac¬ 
terized, particularly along Second Street, by its farmers’ market, 
yards for the wholesale trade in butter, eggs, poultry, meats, 
vegetables, and other products of the farms of the adjacent 
country. Some of the fine old market-taverns and produce-yards 
still remain, but their marked characteristics have become ob¬ 
scured by the spread of the great city. Long before the con¬ 
solidation of the Northern Liberties into the city Second Street 
was famous for its fine retail shops, and Third Street was the 
site of a large wholesale trade in groceries, provisions, and 
leather. Second Street is now lined by a double row of retail 
stores along nearly its entire length, not only in the old Northern 
Liberties, but for miles below and above. Pegg’s Run and 
Cohocksink Creek, which flowed through the Northern Liberties, 
were the sites of numerous extensive tanyards. One of the 
pioneer mills in Philadelphia’s great industries, the old Globe 
Mill, was in or near the line of the Northern Liberties. A 
modern characteristic of the Northern Liberties is that a large 
proportion of its inhabitants are Germans or of German origin. 
The Northern Liberties embraced what are now the Eleventh, 
Twelfth, and part of the Sixteenth Ward of the city. 

Kensington was a ship and boat building district, and another 
considerable portion of its old-time inhabitants were fishermen 
engaged in supplying the Philadelphia markets. Kensington, 
however, soon got into the iron and steel manufacture and the 
building of steam engines and machinery, the outcropping of 
which may be seen in the large works now in operation there 
and on the river front above. Kensington embraced part of the 
present Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth wards. 

Spring Garden District , which is now characterized by ex¬ 
tensive manufacturing establishments of nearly all descriptions, 
among them the great Baldwin Locomotive Works and Powers 
& Weightman’s chemical laboratory, and for its masses of hand¬ 
some dwellings, was, in the old time, one of the most pleasant 
suburbs of Philadelphia, and the principal dwelling-place of the 
Ancient and Honorable Fraternity of Butchers or Victuallers. 
Here they had their cattle-yards and slaughter-houses, some few 
of which still remain. The old district is now one of the finest 
portions of the city, and makes up the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, 
and Fifteenth wards. 

Port Richmond, occupying the Delaware river front to the 
north and northeast of Old Kensington, was brought into promi¬ 
nence by the establishment at that point of the tidewater ter¬ 
minus of the Reading R. R. Co. for its immense coal traflic by 
sea. This at once began to improve the unproductive land in 
the vicinity ; for the shipping piers, the coal depots, the engine 
houses, workshops, offices, etc., were accompanied and followed 
by a large increase of population, the erection of dwellings, great 


VADE MECUM. 


55 


activity, and rapid progress in all respects. The coal trade 
built it up in the first place, but the district is now the centre 
of a manufacturing trade that has but few superiors in the United 
States. 

Outlying Districts and Villages .—Of the other districts and 
villages now incorporated in the city, the unincorporated North¬ 
ern Liberties, Nicetown, Rising Sun, Penn District, Francisville, 
Hamilton Village, Mantua, Blockley, Kingsessing, Passyunk, 
and Moyamensing have been built up so that they are now in 
fact, as in name, the city itself. All the districts and villages 
west of the Schuylkill river, comprising the Twenty-fourth and 
Twenty-seventh wards, but popularly known as “West Phila¬ 
delphia,” have passed from country villages into suburban por¬ 
tions of the continuously built-up city ; and although they are 
still characterized by handsome mansions with cultivated gar¬ 
dens, the inevitable rows of brick houses have invaded them 
also. Frankford, Holmesburg, Bridesburg, Manayunk, German¬ 
town, Chestnut Hill, and Roxborough are passing through the 
same changes, but more slowly. Besides the dwellings of their 
permanent population, they are all largely occupied by summer 
residences of professional and business men; and all of them, 
except Chestnut Hill, are the sites of manufacturing establish¬ 
ments, some of which are very extensive. Roxborough and 
Chestnut Hill occupy the highest plateaus of ground in the city, 
and are crowned with fine country seats. The Falls of Schuyl¬ 
kill contains one of the largest drug-manufacturing establish¬ 
ments iu this country, and large carpet and other mills recently 
erected. 

The River Front of the city is very large, and exhibits a great 
variety of industries. Beginning on the Delaware River at 
Bridesburg, there is the United States Arsenal near the bank, 
and south of Bridesburg great bone-boiling establishments and 
glue factories. At Richmond are the coal-shipping wharves of 
the Reading Railroad Company, with miles of delivery track, 
from which coal is shipped by vessels having a combined ton¬ 
nage greater than the foreign tonnage of the port of New York. 
Then come the engine works, iron and wood ship-building yards, 
lumber-yards, etc. of Kensington and the Northern Liberties. 
The wharves in front of the old city are chiefly devoted to the 
provision aud grocery trades, the markets for farm produce, 
fish, oysters, etc., and the landing wharves for river and ferry 
boats. Still further down the river are the great sugar refineries, 
the dry-docks, the warehouses and wharves for the West Indies 
trade, the wharves and depots of the Pennsylvania Railroad and 
of the American and Red Star Steamship Companies, the Navy 
Yard, the coal and coal-oil wharves of the Pennsylvania Rail¬ 
road, and the new Navy Yard at League Island. Passing 
around the point of League Island, and following up the Schuyl- 


5G 


VADE MECUM. 


kill River, one finds the great grain warehouse of the Pennsyl¬ 
vania Railroad, large manufactories and refineries of coal-oil, 
the Point Breeze Gras Works, the principal marble and stone- 
yards for granites, foreign and domestic marbles, and coal de¬ 
livery yards. The great marble-yards are situated just south of 
Chestnut Street bridge, which is the northern limit of naviga¬ 
tion for sea-going vessels on the Schuylkill. Above that bridge 
are large plaster works and the City Gas Works on the east 
bank, and the abattoir and stock-yards- of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad on the west bank. Above Fairmount dam, for a dis¬ 
tance of five miles, the Schuylkill River runs through Fairmount 
Park; but at the Falls of Schuylkill the industries begin again, 
and from that place to the upper end of Manayunk great mills, 
for which the river furnishes water-power, are built on its bank. 

Broad Street, though now in a transition state, is, on account 
of its great width, fine situation, and the improvements already 
made on it, one of the finest highways in Philadelphia. North 
of Fairmount Avenue and south of Washington Avenue it is 
becoming the site of handsome residences and churches, and is 
more or less occupied by private residences near Spruce Street. 
But between those points the street (once used for warehouses 
and coal-yards) is in that transitional state when factories, 
grand hotels, public buildings and churches, coal-yards, small 
dwellings and handsome private mansions are incongruously 
grouped together. At Broad and Market Streets the new Pub¬ 
lic Buildings are being erected, and north of these, within two 
squares of Market Street, are three costly churches, the new 
Masonic Temple, and the new Academy of Fine Arts. Between 
Callowhill and Spring Garden Streets are the great Baldwin 
locomotive works and other large industrial establishments. 

The Homes of Philadelphia .—The dwellings in the “ City of 
Homes” are as well worthy of a visit as her public institutions. 
They contain from four to twenty rooms each, and the modern 
homes, whatever their size may be, are generally supplied with 
gas, hot and cold water, and heaters. The greater number have 
bath-rooms. Each room is private, being reached from the 
street by entry-ways, which take up scarcely any room available 
for other purposes, aud each room is independently aired and 
lighted. Small yards or gardens are attached to each house, 
and private alley-ways lead from the street to the yards. The 
houses appear to be all of the same design, but there are really 
four or five different designs for interior arrangement. The 
plans on which they are built have “ grown up,” and seem to 
have reached perfection in simplicity, cheapness, convenience, 
and privacy. They are built in rows for economy in the use of 
party-walls ; and of late years the oppressive uniformity of their 
outside decorations has been somewhat broken by the use of 


VADE MECUM. 57 

colored stones instead of white marble, and by painting the 
woodwork in light tints of color. 

The best samples of the modern Philadelphia house may be 
found north of Girard Avenue und west of Ninth Street, and in 
the southwestern parts of the city. A large proportion of the 
dwellings in Philadelphia are owned by their occupants. The 
system of loaning money on “ground rent,” which once pre¬ 
vailed, helped workingmen to get homes for themselves, and of 
late years the Philadelphia building and loan associations have 
enabled thousands of men to purchase houses and pay for them 
in instalments by one of the best systems of co-operation yet 
invented. 


The Streets. 

The greater part of Philadelphia is laid out in parallelograms, 
with the streets at right angles to each other, making the system 
of numbering houses a simple one. The houses on streets run¬ 
ning east and west are numbered by hundreds, beginning at 
Front Street, near the Delaware River. The houses on the 
south side bear even numbers, those on the north side uneven 
numbers. Thus on the north side of Chestnut Street, beginning 
at Sixth Street and going west, the numbers are 601, 603, 605, 
etc. On the south side the numbers are 600, 602, 604, etc. At 
Seventh Street the numbers in 700 begin, and so each succes¬ 
sive street begins a hundred of its own number. 

Market Street is taken as a dividing line between north and 
south for numbering houses on streets running north and south. 
The even numbers are on the west side of these streets, the 
uneven numbers on the east side. No. 1 “North” and No. 1 
“South” begin at Market Street. No. 100 North begins at 
Arch Street, the first principal street north of Market; No. 100 
South begins at Chestnut, the first principal street south of 
Market. The following are the names of the streets running 
parallel to Market Street, north and south thereof. The num¬ 
bers signify the number which is given to the houses north or 
south, as the case mav be, of the street to which it is attached. 
Those streets having no numbers are narrow or short streets 
between the principal avenues :— 


No. 

North. 

No. 

South. 

1 

Market, Filbert. 

1 

Market, Jayne. 

— 

Commerce, Church. 

— 

Merchant, Minor. 

100 

Arch, Cherry. 

100 

Chestnut, Sansom. 

200 

Race, Branch, New. 

— 

Library, Dock. 
Walnut, Locust. 

300 

Vine, Wood. 

200 

400 

Callowhill, Willow. 

300 

Spruce, Union. 

— 

Noble, Margaretta. 

400 

Pine. 


58 


VADE MECUM. 


I 


No. North. 

500 Buttonwood. 

— Spring-Garden. 

600 Green. 

— Mount Vernon. 

— Wallace, Melon. 

700 Fairmount Avenue. 

—- Olive. 

800 Brown, Parrish. 

— Ogden. 

900 Poplar, Laurel. 

— Beaver, George. 

1200 Girard Ave., Stiles. 
1300 Thompson, Seybert. 
1400 Master. 

1500 Jefferson. 

1600 Oxford. 

1700 Columbia Avenue. 
1800 Montgomery Avenue. 
1900 Berks. 

2000 Norris, Otis. 

2100 Diamond. 

2200 Susquehanna Avenue. 
2300 Dauphin. 

2400 York. 

2500 Cumberland. 

2600 Huntingdon 
2700 Lehigh Avenue. 

2800 Somerset. 

2900 Cambria. 

3000 Indiana. 

3100. Clearfield. 

3200 Alleghany. 


No. South. 

500 Lombard, Gaskill. 
600 South. 

700 Bainbridge. 

— Monroe. 

— Fitzwater, German. 
800 Catharine, Queen. 
900 Christian, Marriott. 
1000 Carpenter. 

1100 Washington. 

— Ellsworth. 

1200 Federal, Marion. 
1300 Wharton. 

1400 Reed. 

1500 Dickinson. 

— Greenwich. 

1600 Tasker. 

1700 Morris, Pierce. 

1800 Moore, Siegel. 

1900 Mifflin. 

2000 McKean. 

2100 Snyder. 

2200 Jackson. 

2300 Wolf. 

2400 Ritner. 

2500 Porter. 

2600 Shunk. 

2700 Oregon Avenue. 
2800 Johnson. 

2900 Bigler. 

3000 Pollock. 

3100 Packer. 

3200 Curtin. 


Public Squares. 

The Public Squares—“the lungs of the city”—are well dis¬ 
tributed ; and although but little money has been expended in 
their artificial decoration, except by the Philadelphia Fountain 
Society, they are pleasent resting-places in spring, summer, and 
autumn for thousands of people unable to go to the Park. 

Independence Square, on which stand Independence Hall, 
the Court-house, the building in which the first Congress as¬ 
sembled, the Mayor’s office and other public buildings, is the 
block bounded by Fifth, Sixth, Chestnut, and Walnut Streets. It 
has been remodelled within the last year, and many of the trees 
cut down. 





YADE MECUM. 


59 


Washington Square is bounded by Sixth, Seventh, Walnut, 
and Locust Streets. It was formerly a “ potter’s” field, or grave¬ 
yard for paupers. 

Franklin Square is bounded by Sixth, Franklin, Race, and 
Vine Streets. It contains a large fountain, and is well wooded. 

Logan Square is bounded by Race, Vine, Eighteenth, and 
Nineteenth Streets. 

Rittenhouse Square is bounded by Walnut, Locust, Eighteenth, 
and Nineteenth Streets, and is surrounded by elegant private 
residences. 

Penn Squares were formerly located at Broad and Market 
Streets, occupying the four angles of these broad streets. The 
new Public Buildings, now in course of erection, occupy the site 
of the squares and the intersection of the two streets. A broad 
avenue will extend around the Public Buildings. 

Norris Square was given to the city by Mr. Isaac P. Norris. 
It is bounded by Susquehanna Avenue, Hancock, Diamond, and 
Howard Streets. 

Jefferson Square is bounded by Third, Fourth, and Federal 
Streets, and Washington Avenue. 

Oilier Squares .—In Girard Avenue and Spring Garden Street 
plots of ground formerly occupied by open market-houses or laid 
out for intended market-houses have been laid out as gardens ; 
and in different parts of the city triangular plots of ground formed 
by the intersections of streets running diagonally across the city 
have been laid out as gardens at the expense of citizens living in 
the vicinity. 


Railway Directory. 

Citizens’ P. R. W. Co.— Tenth and Eleventh Streets. Yellow 
car, green light. Route —Dowd Tenth to Reed, to Eleventh, 
up Eleventh to Diamond, to Tenth, to depot, corner Mont¬ 
gomery Avenue. 

Mifflin Street Branch .—Yellow car, red light. Route—Down 
Tenth, up Twelfth, Wharton to Mifflin. 

Continental P. R. W. Co.—From Montgomery Avenue and 
Eighteenth up Montgomery Avenue to Twentieth, to Ridge 
Avenue, to South College Avenue, to Corinthian Avenue, to 
Parrish, to Twentieth, to Federal, to Eighteenth, to Francis, to 
Perkiomen, to Vineyard, to Ridge Avenue, to Eighteenth, to 
depot at Montgomery Avenue. The charter of the company 
authorizes it to build several branch roads. 

Empire P: R W. Co.—Twelfth and Sixteenth Streets. Yel¬ 
low car, red light. Route—Down Twelfth to Wharton, to 
Seventeenth, to Carpenter, to Sixteenth, up Sixteenth to Mont¬ 
gomery Avenue, to depot, corner Twelfth. 


60 


VADE MEOUM. 


Frankford and Southwark P. R. W. Co. — Fifth and Sixth 
Streets. Yellow car, red light. Route—Down Kensington 
Avenue to Front, to Berks, to Sixth, to Jackson, to Fifth, up 
Fifth to Berks, to Front, to Kensington Avenue, to depot, cor. 
Cumberland. 

Lehigh Avenue and Poivell Street Branch —Green car, green 
light. Route—Up Kensington Avenue to Lehigh Avenue, to 
Sixth, down Sixth to Powell, to Fifth, up Fifth to Lehigh 
Avenue, to Kensington Avenue, to depot. 

Frankford Steam Line. —Branch of Fifth and Sixth. Route 
—Down Frankford Street to Kensington Avenue, to Cumber¬ 
land, to depot, and return. 

Germantown P. R. W. Co. —Fourth and Eighth Streets. 
Yellow car, green light. Route—Down Dauphin to German¬ 
town Avenue, to Fourth, to Dickinson, to Eighth, up Eighth to 
Columbia Avenue, to Seventh, to Susquehanna Avenue, to 
Eighth, to depot, Eighth and Dauphin. Each alternate car 
turn's up Walnut to Eighth. 

Germantown Branch. —Yellow car, green light. Route— 
From Dauphin up Eighth to Germantown Avenue, to German¬ 
town, and return. 

Girard Avenue Branch. —Yellow car, red light. Route— 
Along Girard Avenue, to Palmer, to Beach, to Shackamaxon, 
to Girard Avenue, to Elm Avenue, to the Centennial Buildings 
at Belmont Avenue, returning over the same route. 

Green and Coates P. R. W. Co. —Green car, red light. 
Route—From entrance of Park down Fairmount Avenue to 
Twenty-second, to Green, to Fourth, to Dickinson, to Eighth, 
up Eighth to Fairmount Avenue, to the Park. Each alternate 
car turns up Walnut. 

Delaware River Branch. —Green car, red light. Route—Up 
Beach to Fairmount Avenue, to Eighth, returning down Fair- 
mount Avenue to Fourth, to Green, to Beach. 

Hestonville, Mantua, and Fairmount P. R. W. Co. — Yel¬ 
low car, red light. Route—Down Lancaster Avenue to Haver- 
ford Avenue, to lower deck of Fairmount Bridge, to Callowhill, 
to Twenty-second, to Race, to Second, to Walnut, to Dock, to 
Third, to Vine, to Twenty-third, to Spring Garden, to upper 
deck of Fairmount Bridge, to Spring Garden, West Philadel¬ 
phia, to Lancaster Avenue, to Belmont Avenue, to Centennial 
Buildings. Depot, Forty-third and Lancaster Avenue. 

Hestonville Branch. —Green car, red light. Route—Out Lan¬ 
caster Avenue to Fifty-second, and return to depot at Forty- 
third by same route. 

Arch Street Branch. —Yellow car, green light. Route—Down 
Hamilton to Twenty-fifth, to Spring Garden, to Twentieth, to 
Arch, to Second, returning up Arch to Twenty-first, to Callow- 
hill, to depot, with passes to Centennial Buildings. 


VADE MECUM. 


61 


Lombard and South Streets P. R. W. Co. —Yellow car, red 
light. Route—Down Lombard to Front, to Dock, to Delaware 
Avenue, returning up Dock to Front, to South, to depot, corner 
Twenty-fifth and South. 

Southern Branch. —Red car, green light. Route—From 
depot, Thirteenth and Snyder Avenue, down Snyder Avenue to 
Twelfth, to Dickinson, to Eighth, to Christian, to Fifth, to 
Lombard, to Fourth, to South, to Passyunk Avenue, to Mifflin, 
to Twelfth, to Snyder Avenue, to Broad. 

Manayunk and Roxborough Inclined Plane P. R. W. Co.^— 
Route—Ridge Avenue from Barren Hill to Wissahickon Station 
on the Norristown branch of Reading R. R., and return. 

Philadelphia City P. R. W. Co. —Chestnut and Walnut 
Streets. Green car, red light. Route—From depot to Forty- 
second, down Chestnut to Front, to Walnut, to Twenty-second, 
to Chestnut, to depot, corner Forty-second. 

Fairmount Park Branch. —Yellow car, maroon light. Route 
—Down Belmont Avenue to Lancaster Avenue, to Thirty-second, 
to Chestnut, to Front, to Walnut, to Twenty-second, to Chest¬ 
nut, to Thirty-second, to Lancaster Avenue, to Belmont Avenue, 
to depot, near the Park and Centennial grounds. 

Darby Branch. —Red car, white light. Route—Down Darby 
Road to Woodland Avenue, to Chestnut, to Front, to Walnut, 
to Twenty-second, to Chestnut, to Woodland Avenue, to Darby 
Road, to Darby. 

Mount Moriah Branch. — Blue car, white light. Route — 
Same as Darby Branch as far as Mount Moriah. 

Philadelphia and Gray’s Ferry P. R. W. Co. —Spruce and 
Pine Streets. 

Gray's Ferry Branch. —White car, red light. Route—Ex¬ 
change, to Second, to Pine, to Twenty-third, to Gray’s Ferry 
Road, to Gray’s Ferry bridge, return by Gray’s Ferry Road to 
Christian, to Twenty-second, to Spruce, to Third, to Walnut, to 
the Exchange. Depot, Twenty-third and Spruce. 

Fairmount Park Branch. —Route—Same as above to Twenty- 
third, thence to Callowhill, to Twenty-fifth, to Green Street en¬ 
trance to Park, returning via Twenty-fifth to Hamilton, to 
Twenty-second, and thence by the above route. 

People’s P. R. W. Co. —Callowhill Street. Yellow car. 
Route—From Park entrance to Biddle, to Twenty-fourth, to 
Callowhill, to FroiY, to Yine, to Delaware Avenue, returning 
along Yine to York Avenue, to Callowhill, to Schuylkill River 
and the Park entrance. 

Ridge Avenue P. R. W. Co. —Yellow car, red light. Route 
—Down Ridge Avenue to Tenth, to Arch, to Second, returning 
up Arch to Ninth, to Ridge Avenue, to depot, Thirty-second and 
Ridge Avenue, opposite East Park entrance. 

For Manayunk. —Yellow car, with blue flag and red light, 

6 


62 


VADE MECUM. 


leaves Third and Arch every fifteen minutes during the summer 
for Manayunk, via Ridge Avenue, without change of cars. In 
January, February, and March the cars run to Manayunk from 
the depot every twenty minutes. 

Second and Third Streets P. R. W. Co. — White car, green 
light. Route—Down Frank ford Avenue to Jefferson, to Second, 
to Mifflin, to Third, to Germantown Avenue, to Oxford, to Front, 
to Amber, to depot. 

Frankford Branch. —White car, red flag, green light. Route 
—Up Frankford Avenue to Paul, to stand at Arrott Street. 
Returning down Main to Frankford Avenue, to depot, corner 
Lehigh Avenue. 

North Penn Branch. —Green car, orange light. Route — 
Down Frankford Avenue to Huntingdon, to Coral, to Cumber¬ 
land, to Emerald, to Dauphin, to Second, to Dock, to Third, to 
Germantown Avenue, to Oxford, to Third, to Berks, to Second, 
to York, to Coral, to Cumberland, to Amber, to depot. 

Richmond Branch. —Red car, red light. Route—Up Lehigh 
A venue to Richmond, to Frankford Avenue, to Manderson, to 
Beach, to Laurel, to Delaware Avenue, to Fairmount Avenue, 
to Second, to Dock, to Third, up to Brown, to Beach, to Man¬ 
derson, to Frankford Avenue, to Girard Avenue, to Norris, to 
Richmond, to Lehigh Avenue, to depot, corner Edgemont. 

Brideshurg Branch. —White car, white light. Route — Up 
Lehigh Avenue to Richmond, to Bridge, to Washington. Re¬ 
turning over same route to depot. 

Front Street Branch. — White car. Route — Fairmount 
Avenue down New Market to Yine, to Front, to Chestnut. 
Returning over same route. 

Allegheny Avenue Branch. —Yellow car, white light. Route 
—From Lehigh Avenue up Richmond to Allegheny Avenue. 
Returning by same route. 

Cumberland Street Branch. —White car, white light. Route 
—From Richmond up Cumberland to Amber. Returning by 
same route. 

Seventeenth and Nineteenth Streets P. R. W. Co.——Y el¬ 
low car, red light. Route—Up Nineteenth to Norris, to Seven¬ 
teenth, to Ridge Avenue, to Francis, to Seventeenth, to Carpen¬ 
ter, to Nineteenth, to depot at Master Street. 

Thirteenth and Fifteenth Streets P. R. W. Co. — Columbia 
Avenue Branch. —Green car, green light. Route—Up Carpen¬ 
ter to Fifteenth, to Master, to Ridge AvenuE, to Columbia Ave¬ 
nue, to Thirteenth, to Carpenter, to Broad, to depot, above 
Washington Avenue. 

Norris Street Branch.— Yellow car, red light. Route—Up 
Carpenter to Fifteenth, to Columbia Avenue, to Broad, to Nor¬ 
ris, to Thirteenth, to Carpenter, to Broad, to depot, above 
Washington Avenue. 


VADE MECUM. 


63 


South Broad Street Branch. —Yellow car, red light. Route 
—From depot, above Washington Avenue, down Broad to 
Wolf, and up by same route. 

North Broad Street Branch. —Yellow car, red light. Route 
—From Norris up Broad to N. Y. R. R. Junction. Back over 
same route. 

Union P. R. W. Co.— Park and Navy Yard Branch.— Yel¬ 
low car, red light Route—Down Brown to Twenty-third, to 
Wallace, to Franklin, to Race, to Seventh, to Federal, to Front, 
to Wharton, to Ninth, to Spring Garden, to Twenty-third, to 
Brown,‘to Park entrance. 

Richmond Branch. —Green car, green light. Route—Down 
Thompson to Marlborough, to Belgrade, to Frankford Avenue, 
to Master, to Franklin, to Race, to Seventh, to Passyunk Ave¬ 
nue, to Ellsworth, to Broad, up to Christian, to Ninth, to Spring 
Garden, to Seventh, to Oxford, to Fourth, to Norris, to Mem¬ 
phis, to York, to Thompson, to depot, corner of Norris. 

Columbia Avenue Branch. —Red car, orange light. Route— 
Down Columbia Avenue to Franklin, to Race, to Seventh, to 
Market, to Front. Returning up Market to Ninth, to Spring 
Garden, to Seventh, to Columbia Avenue, to depot at Twenty- 
third Street. / . ■ i 

Spring Garden and Poplar Street Branch. —One horse, red 
car, red light. Route—Down Brown to Twenty-third, to Wal¬ 
lace, to Twenty-second, to Spring Garden, to Seventh, to Poplar, 
to Twenty-ninth, to Park entrance. 

Cedar Street Branch. — Green car, green light. Route—From 
York up Cedar to Somerset, to Richmond. Retnrning by same 
route. 

Christian Street Branch. —One horse, yellow car, red light. 
Route—Up McKean to Ninth, to Ellsworth, to Twenty-third, to 
Christian, to Seventh, to depot, corner of McKean. 

Jefferson Street Branch. —One horse, yellow car, red light. 
Route—From Twenty-fourth down Jefferson to Franklin, to 
Thompson, to Front, to Columbia Avenue, to Franklin, to Mas¬ 
ter, to Twenty-fourth, to Columbia Avenue, to depot at Twenty- 
third. 

West End P. R. W. Co.— Zoological Garden Line. —Route— 
From W r oodlands Cemetery on Baltimore Avenue, to Fortieth, 
to Locust, to Thirty-sixth, to Powelton Avenue, to Thirty-fifth, 
to Zoological Garden; returning on Thirty-fifth to Eadline, to 
Thirty-third, to Walnut, to Thirty-sixth, to Locust, to Thirty- 
eighth, to Woodland Avenue; to Baltimore Avenue, with lines 
to South Street Bridge. 

Fairmount Park Line. —Route—From South Street Bridge 
to Thirty-fourth and Spruce, on Spruce to Thirty-eighth, to 
Lancaster Avenue, to Forty-first, to Elm Avenue and the Cen- 


G4 


VADE MECTJM. 


tennial Buildings, to George’s Hill; returning to Fortieth, to 
Locust, to Thirty-sixth, to Spruce, to place of beginning. 

The Centennial Line. —Three and a half miles of track within 
the exhibition grounds, furnished with five engines and forty 
palace cars sent for exhibition. 

W est Philadelphia P. R. W. Co.- —Market Street. Yellow 
car, red light. Route—From depot, Forty-first, and Haverford 
Avenue, down Forty-first, to Market, to Front; returning over 
same route to the depot. 

Centennial Building Branch. —Blue cars, red lights. Route 
—Concours, Belmont, and Elm Avenues, down Elm Awenue to 
Fortieth, to Market, to Front; returning on Market to Forty- 
first, to Elm. 

Haddington Branch. —Green car, green light. Route—From 
Front out Market to Forty-first, to Haverford Avenue, to Sixty- 
seventh ; returning to Sixty-fifth, to A r ine, to Haverford Avenue, 
to Forty-first, to Market, to Front. 

Single fare, 7 cents ; children under ten years , 4 cents ; four 
tickets, 25 cents ; exchange tickets, 9 cents. 

Carriage Fares. 

The drivers of hackney coaches are so accustomed to cheat 
travellers, that we herewith append the rates of fare authorized 
by ordinance of city councils. 

One passenger, with trunk, valise, or box, distance not ex¬ 
ceeding one mile, 75 cents; two passengers, $1.25, and for each 
additional passenger, 25 cents. Distance over a mile, and not 
more than two miles, $1.25 ; each additional passenger, 25 cents. 
If the distance be more than two miles, for each additional mile 
or fractional part of a mile, 50 cents in addition to the $1.25 for 
the first two miles; for each additional passenger 50 cents. 
When engaged by the hour for shopping, or going from place 
to place, and stopping as often as may be required, $1.50 per 
hour. 

Twelve squares are a. legal mile. In case of dispute, appeal to 
the Mayor or to the Chief of Police, corner of Fifth and Chest¬ 
nut Streets. 


Foreign Consuls at Philadelphia. 

Argentine Republic—E. Shippen, 532 Walnut. 
Austria—Lars Westergaard, 138 South Second. 
Belgium—G. E. Saurman, 1104 Chestnut. 

Brazil—Edward S. Sayres, 268 South Third. 

Chili—E. Shippen, 532 Walnut. 

Colombia, U. S. of—Leon de la Cova, 218£ Walnut. 
Denmark—F. Myhlertz, 730 North Twentieth. 
Ecuador—E. Shippen, 532 Walnut. 


VADE MECUM. 65 

France — Celestin Auguste Ravin d’Elpeux, Vice-consul, 
Eighth above South. 

German Empire—Charles H. Meyer, 227 Chestnut. 

Great Britain—Charles Edward Kortright, Consul; George 
Crump, Vice-consul, 619 Walnut. 

Hungary—Lars Westergaard, 138 South Second. 

Italy—Alonzo M. Viti, 115 Walnut. 

Liberia—Edward S. Morris, 129 South Front. 

Mexico—Emilio Cabada, 112 Walnut. 

Netherlands—Lars Westergaard, 138 South Second. 

Nicaragua—Henry C. Potter, 260 South Ninth. 

Orange Free State. South Africa—Henry W. Riley, 602 Arch. 

Portugal—Edward S. Sayres, 268 South Third. 

Russia—Flenry Preaut, Vice-consul, 500 South Delaware Av. 

Spain—Don Juan Morphy, Consul; Don Julian Alfredo Prin¬ 
cipe y Sartoris, Vice-consul, 524 Walnut. 

Sweden and Norway—Lars Westergaard, 138 South Second. 

Switzerland—Rudolph Koradi, 314 York Avenue; Werner 
Itschauer, Vice-consul, 814 Vine. 

Uruguay—Charles W r . Matthews, Vice-consul. 

Venezuela—Leon de la Cova, 218£ Walnut. 

Theatres and Places of Amusement. 

Academy of Music .—This hall is located in Broad Street 
below Locust. It holds 5000 spectators. The prices vary. 

Walnut Street Theatre .— As its name denotes, this theatre is 
situated in Walnut Street at the corner of Ninth Street. It is 
the oldest theatre in the city, having been built in the year 1804. 
It holds 3500 persons. The prices -are the following: Gallery, 
25 cents; Family circle and Balcony , 50 cents; Admission, 75 
cents; Parquette circle, $1.00; Parquette, $1.50; Proscenium 
boxes, $8.00 and $10.00; Upper proscenium box, $15.00. 

Chestnut Street Theatre. —This, too, takes its name from the 
street on which it is situated. It is above 12th Street. It 
holds 3500 spectators. The prices are the same as those of the 
Walnut. 

Arch Street Theatre is situated in Arch Street, from which it 
takes its name. It will hold 3500 persons, and will seat 1781. 
The prices are: Gallery, 25 cents; General admission, 50 
cents; Dress circle, 75 cents ;.Orchestra circle, $1.00; Orchestra 
chair, $1.00; Orchestra box, $1.50 ; Private boxes, $10.00. 

Horticultural Hall is on Broad Street above Locust. It is 
one of the largest halls of the city. The prices of admission are 
variable. Generally, this hall is used for great political meet¬ 
ings, and will hold 3000 persons seated, and 6000 unseated. 

Concert Hall, No. 1221 Chestnut Street, will hold 3500 per¬ 
sons ; and the price is variable. 

6* 


66 


VADE MECUM. 


American Theatre. —Variety ; better known as Fox’s Theatre, 
after the name of its founder and proprietor. It is situated on 
Chestnut Street above 10th Street. 

Arch Street Opera Hause, situated in Arch Street below 
10th Street. Will hold 1800 spectators. The prices are: 
Gallery, 25 cents; Parquette, 50 cents ; Orchestra, 75 cents. 

Assembly Rooms, at the corner of 10th Street and Chestnut. 
This is a ball-room, but is rented for concerts and lectures. 
Will hold 1000 persons; and the price is variable. 

• Colonel Wood's Museum. —This theatre is situated on the 
corner of Ninth and Arch Streets. Will hold 1200 persons. 
The prices are : Gallery, 25 cents; Parquette and Dress Circle, 
50 cents; Orchestra, 75 cents. 

Eleventh Street Opera House. —This theatre is situated on 
Eleventh Street above Chestnut. It is a real family theatre. 
Generally closed earlier than the others. The prices are: 25 
cents for the Gallery; 50 cents for Parquette; and 75 cents 
for the Orchestra. 

Great Central. —Is situated in Walnut Street above 8th. 
Will hold 2000 spectators. The prices are : Gallery, 15 cents ; 
Admission and Balcony, 25 cents; Orchestra, 75 cents; Pri¬ 
vate boxes, $5.00 ; and Proscenium boxes, $10.00. 

Musical Fund Hall. —This, too, is a very large hall. Beside 
these there are many other halls and little theatres. Philadel¬ 
phia has, too, many lager beer or concert saloons, where the 
stranger could pass his evenings. 

Places of Interest. 

Academy of Fine Arts, Broad Street above Arch. Admission, 
25 cents. 

Academy of Natural Science. —Open Tuesdays and Fridays, 
P. M. Admission, 10 cents. S. W. cor. Nineteenth and Race 
Streets. 

American Philosophical Society, Fifth Street below Chestnut. 

Athenaeum Library, Sixth Street below Walnut. 

Arsenal, Frankford. Take Richmond horse-cars on Third or 
Ninth Street. 

Apprentices' Library, S. W. cor. Fifth and Arch Streets. 

Blind Asylum, Twentieth and Race Streets. Concerts, 
Wednesdays, P. M. Admission, 15 cents. 

BlocJdey Almshouse, West Philadelphia. Take Walnut 
Street cars. Tickets procured at 42 North Seventh Street. 

Carpenters' Hall, built in 1770, Chestnut Street below Fourth, 
rear of bank building. 

Christ Church, built in 1753, Second Street above Market. 

College of Physicians and Surgeons, cor. Thirteenth and 
Locust Streets. 


/ 


VADE MECUM. 67 

County Prison, Eleventh Street and Passyunk Avenue. 
Tickets procured at the Ledger Office. 

Custom House, Chestnut Street below Fifth. 

Deaf and Dumb Asylum, corner Broad and Pine Streets. 
Tickets procured at Ledger Office. 

Franklin Institute, Seventh Street above Chestnut. Admis¬ 
sion free. 

Franklin's Grave , £. E. cor. Fifth and Arch Streets. 

Fairmount Park. 2991 acres, on the banks of the Schuylkill 
and Wissahickon. From the central parts of the city, take cars 
going north or west. 

Girard College, Ridge Avenue above Nineteenth Street. 
Take Ridge Avenue cars or yellow cars on Eighth Street. 
Tickets at Ledger Office. 

House of Correction, near Holmesburg. Take cars on Penn¬ 
sylvania R. R. at the Kensington Depot. 

House of Refuge, Twenty-third and Brown Streets. 

Insane Hospital (Kirkbride’s), Haverford Avenue, West 
• Philadelphia. Take Market Street cars. 

Independence Hall, Chestnut Street below Sixth. Open from 
9 A. M. to 4 P. M. Tickets for admission to the steeple furnished 
by the Superintendent. 

Laurel Hill Cemetery, Ridge Avenue. Take Ridge Avenue 
cars on Arch Street or steamboat at Fairmount. 

Ledger Building, S. W. cor. Sixth and Chestnut Streets. 
Citizens and strangers invited to visit it. 

Masonic Temple, Broad Street below Arch. Visitors ad¬ 
mitted by card from resident members of the order on Thursday 
from 10 A. M. to 2 P. M. Cards of admission can also be pro¬ 
cured at Ledger Office. 

Mercantile Library , Tenth Street above Chestnut. 

National Museum, Independence Hall. Open from 9 A. M. 
to 3 P. M. Free. 

Navy Yard, Front Street below Washington Avenue. Take 
cars on Seventh or Second Street. 

Neiv Navy Yard, League Island, mouth of the Schuylkill 
River. 

Naval Asylum, Gray’s Ferry Road. 'Fake cars on Pine St. 

Old Swedes' Church, oldest church in Philadelphia, built in 
1700, taking the place of Second Swedes’ Church, built in 1677, 
Swanson Street below Christian. Take Second Street cars to 
Christian. 

Pennsylvania Hospital, Eighth and Spruce Streets. 

Penn's Cottage, Letitia Street near Market. Letitia Street 
is between Front and Second. 

Penn Treaty Monument, Beach and Hanover Streets. ’Fake 
Richmond cars on Third Street. 


68 


VADE MECUM. 


Penitentiary (Eastern), Fairmount Avenue and Twenty-first 
Street. Tickets procured at the Ledger Office. 

Philadelphia Library (founded by Benjamin Franklin), Fifth 
Street below Chestnut. 

Pennsylvania Historical Society, 820 Spruce. 

School of Design for Women, S.W. cor. Merrick and Filbert. 

United States Mint, Chestnut Street above Thirteenth. Open 
from 9 A. M. to 12 noon. Free. • 

University of Pennsylvania, Thirty-sixth and Woodland 
Avenue, West Philadelphia. 

Wagner Free Institute, cor. Seventeenth and Montgomery 
Avenue. 

Water-works. —Fairmount, in Park, east side of Schuylkill 
River, north of Morris St. Schuylkill (formerly Spring Garden), 
east side of Schuylkill River, Fairmount Park near Girard Ave. 
Belmont or West Philadelphia, Fairmount Park, west side of 
Schuylkill River near Reading Railroad Bridge. Delaware or 
Kensington, east side of Delaware River, near Gunners’ Run. 
Roxborough, east side of Schuylkill above Manayunk. All * 
these are open in daytime to visitors. 

Wills Hospital for Eye Diseases, Race Street between Eigh¬ 
teenth and Nineteenth. 

Woodland Cemetery, Woodland Avenue, West Philadelphia. 
Take Walnut Street cars. 

Young Men's Christian Association, Chestnut Street above 
Twelfth. New building being erected S. E. cor. Fifteenth and 
Chestnut Streets. 

Zoological Gardens, Fairmount Park. Take cars on Walnut, 
Market, Arch, and Vine Streets, and Girard Avenue. 


Independence Hall and Carpenters’ Hall deserve the first 
visit of the foreigner, not only because they are situated in the 
centre of the city, but on account of their historical interest. 

Independence Hall, on Chestnut Street between 5th and 6th, 
was commenced in 1729, and finished in 1734. There the Rep¬ 
resentatives of the colonies met on the 10th day of March, 1775, 
appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of 
their intentions. Upon the left hand, coming from Chestnut Street 
entrance is 1 ndependence Chamber. The first thing that strikes 
the eye on entering is the desk or table on which was signed the de¬ 
claration ; behind it is the chair occupied by John Hancock, the 
President of the Continental Congress, and around the walls are 
twelve of the original chairs used by members. The draft of the 
Declaration of Independence in Jefferson’s handwriting, with the 
corrections by Franklin and Adams, is also here with the por¬ 
traits of forty of the fifty-six signers. Opposite is the Chamber 



VADE MECUM. 


69 


where the Colonial Judiciary met; it is well filled with relics and 
portraits illustrating the revolutionary epoch. Tickets for ad¬ 
mission to the steeple of Independence Hall are furnished free, 
on application to the superintendent of Independence Chamber. 
From this steeple can be obtained a fine view of the city. The 
Hall is free to all between the hours of 9 A. M. and 5 P. M. 

Carpenters’ Hall is located in Carpenters’ Court a few paces 
east from Fourth Street. This is owned by the Carpenters’ 
Company of Philadelphia, the oldest organization in the United 
States, having maintained an uninterrupted existence from about 
40 years after the establishment of the government by William 
Penn. The Hall was commenced on the 5th day of February, 
1770. On Arch, below Fifth, is the grave of Benjamin Franklin. 

Christ Church. —This Church was organized about 200 years 
ago. Its first pastor was Rev. M. Clayton, under whose minis¬ 
tration the Church was built in 1695. In March and May, 1753, 
two lotteries were drawn, each of 4500 tickets, at $4 each, for 
the purpose of finishing the steeple, which was begun in 1727. 
This scheme netted the vestry about $5000 and the steeple was 
finished the year following at a cost of $10,500. The chime of 
eight bells, brought from England at a cost of $4500. weighed 
8000 pounds, and were taken down in 1777 and with the State 
House bell were taken to Trenton to keep them from falling into 
the hands of the British. A goblet and two tankards, used in 
communion service, were presented by Queen Anne, of England. 
They bear this inscription : “ ANNAE ANGLICAN AE PUD 
PHILAD. A.D. 1708.” One of the chief ornaments of the 
steeple was a representation of the British crown ; but the 
steeple was struck by lightning, the conductor destroyed, and 
the crown entirely melted. Washington and Franklin each had 
a pew in this church, and during the Presidency of the former, 
he went regularly with his family to worship there. 

Eastern Penitentiary is located on Fairmount Avenue 
west of Twenty-first Street. It cost $600,000. The lot of ground 
on which it is built embraces eleven acres. Each prisoner has 
his own cell, and no corporal punishment is permitted. Tickets 
to visit this place can be obtained from Hon. Richard Vaux, 
No. 520 Walnut Street. 

Girard College. —This college is worthy the attention of all 
the visitors. The tickets to visit it can be had at the Ledger 
office, or at the Mayor’s office, and the college may be seen any 
day except Sunday. It is located on Ridge and Girard Avenues, 
and can be reached by the cars that run up Nineteenth Street, 
by the Ridge Avenue line, by the Union line going out Poplar 
Street, and by the Girard Avenue line. 

In this college six hundred orphan boys are fed. clothed, and 
given a thorough education, the grade being about the same as 
that given at our Normal School, or at the High School in this 


10 


VADE MECUM. 


city. At the age of sixteen or seventeen years the boys are 
apprenticed to learn useful trades or occupations, and many 
tradesmen have had cause to be thankful not only for an honor¬ 
able boy, but for his knowledge of practical mathematics. 

The Masonic Temple of Philadelphia, of which we will say a 
few words afterwards, is the work of one of the graduates of this 
college. He was early left an orphan ; his loss was lessened by 
the paternal kindness of the college which cared so tenderly for 
him, and, certainly, now his preceptors feel proud of him every 
time thy look upon this stately edifice. How was this college 
named Girard? Who was this Girard? Born in Bordeaux, 
France, in 1750, he came to this city in May, 1776, and soon 
began trading with St. Domingo and New Orleans. His busi¬ 
ness soon extended to every part of the world. Possessed of a 
warm heart, he took an interest in all philanthropic schemes. In 
the year 1793 the yellow fever desolated the city of Philadelphia. 
All those who could, fled to the country. At Bush Hill was 
established a hospital from which even the nurses fled. Girard, 
a man of wealth, young (aged only forty-three years), and with 
bright prospects before him, offered his services, and for sixty 
days and nights tenderly served the sick, soothed the pangs of 
the dying, and buried the dead. After a course of fifty years of 
honorable commercial life, on the 26th December, 1831, he died, 
aged 80 years, leaving a large sum for the building of this 
college. 

The main edifice is built in the Grecian style of architecture. 
It is located upon one of the highest points of ground in Phila¬ 
delphia, and commands a fine view of the city. On entering, the 
visitor will be surprised at the beauty of the horticultural dis¬ 
play, which adorns the lawn fronting the college. The first thing 
that strikes the eye is the sarcophagus containing the body of 
Stephen Girard. Standing on the top of this marble casket is 
the statue of Mr. Girard dressed as he used to be. 

New City Hall.— This large edifice covers an area of nearly 
four and one-half acres of land exclusive of the courtyard. The 
north and south fronts measure 470 feet, and the east and west 
fronts 486^ feet. In the centre of each is an arched pavilion. 
These pavilions rise to 120 feet. The fronts terminate at the 
four corners with towers of 51 feet and 145 feet high. The whole 
exterior is bold and effective in outline and rich in detail, being 
elaborated with highly ornate columns, pilasters, pediments, and 
cornices. Archways of 15 feet iu width by 36 feet in height, 
opening through each of the four central pavilions constitute 
the four principal entrances. The exterior of the base is of fine 
white granite. The basement story is 18 feet in height, and 
stands entirely above the line of the pavement. The exterior of 
the building, above the basement, embraces a principal story of 
36 feet, and an upper story of 31 feet, with an attic over the 


VADE MECUM. 


U 


centre pavilion of 12 feet, all of white marble. The small rooms 
opening into the courtyard are each subdivided in height in two 
stories. From the north side of this space rises a grand tower, 
which will gracelully adorn the Public Buildings, and at the same 
time will be a beauty of the city, and will compete favorably 
with St. Peter ol Rome and St. Paul of Loudon. This tower is 
90 feet square at the base, falling off at each story, until it be¬ 
comes an octagon of 50 feet in diameter. A statue of the founder 
of Pennsylvania, 20 feet in height, will crown the structure, and 
arrive at the extraordinary altitude of 450 feet, making it the 
highest tower in the world. The entire structure will contain 
520 rooms, and every room in the building will be well lighted, 
warmed, and ventilated upon a thorough, effective, and approved 
system. Every part of the structure will be fire-proof. It will 
cost about $12,000,000. 

Masonic Temple is the grandest building of its kind in the 
world. It is a granite structure, 250 feet long, 150 feet wide. It 
contains three lofty stories and the entresol. The inner masonry 
contains ten millions of bricks. Its facade is a perfect specimen 
of Norman architecture, sharp, with not a trace of flatness or 
iuexpression on its profile. Its most striking features are the 
two towers, one of them piercing to the height of 250 feet, and 
the wonderfully beautiful Norman porch. The main tower is so 
massive that its foundations were laid 31 feet below the level of the 
street, and the greatest care has been used to make it completely 
fire-proof on each floor, by separating it from every passage by 
an iron door, and distinct iron portcullis, with intervening space 
between them. The porch is built of the hardest stone we have, 
the Quincy granite, and on either side are four pairs of receding 
pillars, surmounted by arched semicircular mouldings, enriched 
with the purest and most characteristic Norman decorations. 
The doorway is built in a projection of the front wall of the 
Temple, just as was often the case in churches of the Norman 
period, although our projection is deeper than usual, affording 
thereby room for more elaboration and finish. The two main 
front folding-doors of the Temple are 17 feet high, 7 feet wide, 
6 inches thick, and covered with Norman ornamentation in keep¬ 
ing with the whole exterior front. Standing in Oriental Hall, 
you can almost imagine yourself in the midst of the georgeous 
Alhambra of Spain in its palmy days. The veils of the Temple 
are striking in the extreme. They are 25 feet high by 49 feet 
wide, and contain 1200 yards of satin. Egyptian Hall is without 
doubt the most marvellous hall in the Temple. It is not so large 
as either of the grand halls, but the style of its architecture is 
so new, because so old and unusual to us, that at the first sight it 
causes the beholder to hold his breath from blank surprise and 
wonder. Twelve gigantic columns extend around the hall. Those 
columns have capitals, all of which are varied in style. They are 


72 


/ VADE MECUM. 


fac similes of those of the chief ancient temples on the Nile, in¬ 
cluding those of Dendera, Luvor, Karnac, and Idfou. Large 
photographs were procured of all of these famous structures, 
after which these capitals have been modelled. The furniture 
of Egyptian Hall is as truly Egyptian as its columns and walls. 
The throne, or chair of the Master, is massive and imposing, made, 
as is all the furniture of this room, of gilded ebony. His pedestal 
is flanked by two sphinxes. The Grand Banqueting Hall is on 
the north side of the Temple. It is of the composite order of 
architecture, with sixteen columns, the capitals decorated with 
flowers, fruits, and game birds, the turkey, the “national bird,” 
presiding over the west doorway. This room, 105 feet in length 
by 59 in breadth, is illuminated by fifteen chandeliers. It is fur¬ 
nished with twenty extension tables, arranged in four lines, and 
capable of seating in all Gve hundred persons. 

In a word, this grand structure is an exemplification of the 
art of the ancient nations of the earth anterior to the Christian 
era, aggregated into one perfect and harmonious whole, by an 
American master workman’s hands. The Temple is open to 
visitors after 10 o’clock on Thursdays. We would advise our 
readers to pay a visit to it. 

Fatrmount Park.— Too much time would be required to de¬ 
scribe all the beauties of this park ; we will speak briefly. It is 
near to the Exhibition, and contains 2991 acres of ground, being 
more than three times as large as the Central Park of New York. 

The best entrance for the stranger is at Fairmount Avenue, 
which is reached by the Green and Fairmount Avenue cars, and 
by the Union line, or at Fairmount Bridge entrance reached by 
the Callowhill Street cars, Arch Street, Race and Vine, and 
Spruce and Pine Street cars. Either of these entrances brings 
the visitor to the Fairmount Water Works, which should be 
closely inspected. The mighty engines found here are worked 
by water power and also by steam; they pump up into the reser¬ 
voir on the top of the adjoining hill about 25,000,000 gallons of 
water on an average each day in the year, or about 7.000,000,000 
gallons a year. From the rear of the engine houses a splendid 
view of Fairmount dam is obtained. After leaving here and pass¬ 
ing into the open space northeastward, the visitor comes upon 
the Art Gallery, in which are placed many handsome paintings 
by eminent artists. In the hall are sold the catalogues. We call 
attention to the painting of the “New Republic,” by Ferdinand 
Powel, in which he has tried to represent the past and present pro¬ 
gress of the United States. The “Battle of Gettysburg” painted 
by Rothermel, which cost $30,000 to the State of Pennsylvania, 
and which commemorates one of the great episodes of the late civil 
war. This gallery is open every day, and the admission is free. 
From here the visitor cannot fail to observe the beautiful statue of 
Abraham Lincoln. This statue is of bronze, modelled in Rome 


VAI)E MECUM. 


73 


by Randolph Rogers, and cast in Munich. Its cost was $33,000. 
The figure is nine feet six inches in height. The President is 
represented seated, holding a pen in his right hand, and in his 
left a scroll representing the Proclamation. The face is a cor¬ 
rect likeness, and the posture graceful and natural. The monu¬ 
ment is raised upon a granite base. The inscriptions upon this 
statue on the north, east, and west faces are chosen from the 
words of the President pronounced in the course of his life:— 

To 

Abraham Lincoln, 

From a grateful people. 

Let us here highly resolve 

That the government of the people, 

By the people, and for the people, 

Shall not perish from the earth. 

I do order and declare 
That all the persons held as sla ves 
Within the States in rebellion 
Are and henceforth shall be 
Free ! 

With malice towards none, 

With charity for all, 

With firmness in the right as God gives 
us to see the right, 

Let us finish the work we are in. m 

On tlie plaza may be seen the numerous structures erected by 
the Schuylkill Navy, organized in 1858. Rowing is not only 
useful, but also an admirable aid to physical development, and, 
as such, has attracted the attention of foreign States as well as 
of the United States. Philadelphia has not been behind in this 
matter, as the association numbers more than ten clubs. 

Adjoining the building of the Schuylkill Navy is another one, 
of Italian order of architecture, two stories high, surmounted by a 
cupola. Here is the apparatus for the rescue of persons break¬ 
ing through ice, and more than 260 lives have been saved through 
the efforts of its members. Here will also be found the steam¬ 
boats running to Columbia Bridge, Zoological Garden, Laurel 
Hill, Schuylkill Falls, and Manayunk. In the same place is a 
beautiful fountain filled with goldfish, and the mineral spring. 
From here we reach the favorite residence of Robert Morris. 
This gentleman in 1775 was chosen a delegate to the Continental 
Congress. In that Congress he took a leading part, aud was 
appointed as superintendent of finance, in which position he 
rendered incalculable service to the country. He contributed 
largely of his own means, and induced others to follow his exam¬ 
ple. Although he had in the city another mansion, this one was 
his favorite residence, and John A-dams, Benjamin Franklin, and 


74 


YADE MECUM. 


John Hancock were his frequent guests. Near the close of a 
long life unselfishly devoted to the service of his country, he was 
carried to prison, and ended his days in poverty. 

Zoological Garden.— The admission is twenty-five cents for 
adults and ten cents for children. We believe there is no place 
in Philadelphia that will give more pleasure to the visitor than 
an afternoon in the Zoological Garden, especially if he will attend 
at the time of feeding the animals. The hours for feeding are as 
follows : lions and tigers, 4 p. m. ; eagles, 3.30 p. m. ; elephants, 
10 a. m. and 4 30 p. m. ; rhinoceros, 10 a. m. and 4.30 p. m. 
Other herbivorous and graminivorous animals, twice a day.. This 
garden, which covers 83 acres, has been rented to a Zoological 
Society which is doing its utmost to gratify and please the 
public. No intoxicating liquors are allowed to be sold. A 
restaurant furnishes at moderate rates all that is needed. The 
monkey house cost $6486 : the bear pits, $5000 ; the bird bouse, 
$5720 ; the carnivora house $50,000. The collection of birds 
and reptiles is very fine. While the latter are not so agreeable 
to look at, they form an attractive study for the naturalist. 
In May, 1874, Congress passed a bill admitting, free of duty, all 
beasts, birds, and reptiles intended for the Zoological Gardens 
of Philadelphia, and on November 14, 1874, the Secretary of the 
Navy requested all commanders, and other officers to foreign 
stations, to aid the Zoological Society of Philadelphia in its laud¬ 
able enterprise. 

In the Park.— The Connecting Railroad Bridge, which spans 
the Schuylkill just above Girard Avenue Bridge, is one of the 
most beautiful structures to be seen in the Park. The first house 
on the right, after entering the Park, is called Sweet Brier. 
The ground is fitted up with flying horses and swings for children. 
The main carriage road passes through a grove of trees and reaches 
a rustic bridge ou the river. Upon entering the Park, after cross¬ 
ing Girard Avenue Bridge, the favorite drive is Lansdowne, fol¬ 
lowing the road around by the monster pines which mark the 
spot where stood the mansion built by John Penn, Governor and 
Commander-in-Chief of the Province of Pennsylvania. Feeling 
it his duty to espouse the royal cause, his vast estate was confis¬ 
cated, although he was personally loved for the purity of his 
private character. After the close of the war he was visited by 
Washington. Leaving on the right the reservoir, the visitor will 
arrive at George’s Hill, which eminence commands the exhibi¬ 
tion ground, and is about one-third of a mile from the Centennial 
Building. George’s Hill comprises 83 acres, and was a gift of 
Jesse George and his sister Rebecca to the city of Philadelphia, 
for the purposes of a park. A pavilion has been built on the 
summit of the hill. A beautiful collection of flowers, skilfully 
arranged, adds to the natural beauty, and at stated periods a 
band of music plays choice pieces. As we have said, to the 


YADE MECUM. 


75 


right, and near George’s Mill, is the Belmont reservoir. At the 
Belmont mansion lived and died Richard Peters. Be was Sec¬ 
retary of War during the Revolution, and for 39 years, was Dis¬ 
trict Judge of the United States. Scholarly and hospitable, he 
received Lafayette, the Baron Steuben, the astronomer Ritten- 
house, Washington, Robert Morris, Talleyrand, and Louis 
Philippe. Even more picturesque is the drive from Fairmount 
along the east bank of the Schuylkill to the Strawberry Man¬ 
sion. Everywhere the river is beautiful, but it is especially so 
from Laurel Hill, as it flows sadly and silently between the two 
cities of the silent dead, which here line its bauks. Almost 
25,000 persons here sleep their last sleep. 

After leaving Laurel Hill, we soon reach the Wissahickon, 
remarkable for its natural attractions and its historical associa¬ 
tions. The entrance to its mouth was the scene of a successful 
retreat by Lafayette, in which a large detachmeut under his 
command was saved from capture. This retreat was first called 
Barren Hill, on a sword presented to the general by order of 
Congress. On this stream was fought a portion of the battle 
of Germantown. Two illustrious persons lived on its banks. 
They were John Kelpius, who was a visionary scholar, and who 
brought a colony of kindred spirits from Germany; and David 
Rittenhouse, an astronomer and a devotee of science. 

Exhibition. 

Officers' of the U. S. Centennial Commission. 

President—Joseph R. Hawley. 

Vice-Presidents—Orestes Cleveland, John D. Creigh, Robert 
Lowry, Thomas H. Coldwell, John McNeil, William Gurney. 

Director-General—Alfred T. Goshorn. 

Secretary—John L. Campbell. 

Counsellor and Solicitor—John L. Shoemaker, Esq. 

Office of the Commission—-No. 903 Walnut Street. 

It is not our intention to make a catalogue of the objects ex¬ 
hibited. This privilege has been accorded to Mr. Nagle. This 
little book being designed to acquaint foreign visitors with 
American institutions, and to accompany them in Philadelphia, 
giving them a souvenir of their journey to this city, we have 
concluded to give but a passing notice of the Exhibition. The 
place chosen for the Exhibition could not have been more pro¬ 
pitious. The five principal buildings occupy sixty acres. They 
are known as—1. Main Exhibition Building; 2. Machinery 
Hall; 3. Art Gallery; 4. Agricultural Hall; 5. Horticultural 
HaU. 

The Main Exhibition Building is in the form of a parallelo¬ 
gram, extending east and west .1880 feet in length, and north 
and south 464 feet in width. The area covered is 20.02 acres. 


70 


VADE MECUM. 


In the centre of the four fronts are the four principal entrances. 
At each entrance has been built a tower 75 feet high, and upon 
them hav-e been built galleries of observation. The east entrance 
will form the principal approach for carriages, visitors being 
permitted to alight at the doors, under cover of the arcade. The 
south entrance will be the principal approach from the street 
cars. On the line of Elm Avenue are offices for the sale of 
the tickets. A covered way will extend from these offices to 
the door of entrance. The countries exhibiting will be located 
geographically, in sections running crosswise of the building 
from north to south. The cost of this building is $1,420,000 
without the expenses of plumbing, etc. 

This exhibition covers a greater space than any which have 
preceded it, as the following figures show:— 


Munich, 

New York, 
England, 1851, 
Paris, 1855, 


acres, 

< i 


4.4 London, 1861, acres, 25.6 

4.2 Paris, 1867, “ 31. 

18.6 Vienna, 1874, “ 56.5 

22.1 Philadel. 1876, “ 60. 


Machinery Hall. —This building is situated 542 feet west of 
the Main exhibition building; it is 360 feet wide by 1402 feet long, 
with an annex on the south side of 208 by 210 feet. The entire 
area covered is 12.82 acres. Sixteen lines of shafting, running 
almost the entire length of the building and counter-shafts intro¬ 
duced into the aisles at almost every point, will be placed in 
position. Twelve lengths of this shafting will be run at a speed 
of 120 revolutions, and four lengths at a speed of 240 revolutions 
per minute. The foundations of this building are in masonry. 
The superstructure consists of solid timber columns supporting 
roof trusses, constructed with straight wooden principals and 
wrought iron ties and struts. The columns are 40 feet high to 
the heel block of the 90 feet span roof trusses over the avenues, 
and they support the heel of the 60 feet spans over the aisles at 
the height of 20 feet. The outer walls are built of masonry to 
the height of 5 feet, and above that are composed of glazed sash 
placed between the columns. Portions of the sash are movable 
for ventilation. Louvre ventilators are introduced in continuous 
lengths over both the avenues and the aisles. 

Art Gallery.— This structure is in the modern renaissance. 
The materials are granite, glass, and iron. No wood is used in 
the construction. It is 365 feet in length, 210 feet in width, and 
59 feet in height, and is situated 300 feet northward of the 
Main Exhibition Building. The dome which rises from the 
centre, is 150 feet high, terminating in a colossal bell, from 
which the figure of Columbia rises with protecting hands. A 
figure of colossal size stands at each corner of the base of the 
dome—these figures typifying the four quarters of the globe. 
The entrauce is by three arched doorways, each 40 feet high, 
and 15 feet wide, opening into a hall. The centre hall is 83 


VADE MECUM. 


77 


feet square. From its east and west sides extend the galleries, 
each 98 feet long, 84 feet wide, and 35 ’feet in height. These 
galleries admit of temporary divisions for the more advantageous 
display of paintings. The centre hall and galleries form one 
grand hall 287 feet long and 85 feet wide, holding 8000 persons. 
The cost of this building, $2,199,273, has been borne by the State 
of Pennsylvanfa and the city of Philadelphia. 

Agricultural Hall is situated on the eastern side on Bel¬ 
mont Avenue. The ground covers a space of ten acres. It 
consists of a long nave, crossed by three transepts. The nave 
is 820 feet in length by 125 in width, with a height of 75 feet 
from the floor to the point of the arch. The central transept 
is of the same height, and a breadth of 100 feet, the two end 
transepts 70 feet high and 80 feet wide. As the name denotes, 
in this building will be exhibited the fruits, trees, etc. On the 
western side will be the exhibition of the fishes and all that per¬ 
tains to fishing. The space for this exhibition is 40 feet wide 
and 80 feet long, and half is reserved for the United States ex¬ 
hibitors. In close proximity is the place devoted to the exhibi¬ 
tion of horses, cattle, etc. 

Horticultural Hall. —This handsome building is designed 
to remain as a permanent ornament of Fairmount Park. It 
is situated to the north of the Main Hall, and commands a 
view of the Schuylkill River and portions of the city. The 
building is 383 feet long, 193 feet wide, and 72 feet high. It is 
in the Moresque style of architecture of the twelfth century, 
the external materials being principally iron and glass. The 
location of this building, together with its extremely ornate ap¬ 
pearance, renders it one of the most attractive of the group 
erected by the Commission. The main floor is occupied by the 
central conservatory, 230 by 80 feet, and 55 feet high, sur¬ 
mounted by a lantern 170 feet long, 20 feet wide, and 14 feet 
high. Running entirely around this conservatory, at a height 
of 20 feet from the floor, is a gallery 5 feet wide. On the north 
and south sides of this principal room are four forcing houses 
for the propagation of young plants, each of them 100 by 30 feet, 
covered with curved roofs of iron and glass. Dividing the two 
forcing houses in each of these sides is a vestibule 30 feet square. 
At the centre of the east and west ends are similar vestibules, 
on either side of which are the restaurants, reception room, 
offices, etc. From the vestibules ornamental stairways lead to 
the internal galleries of the conservatory, as well as to the four 
external galleries, each 100 feet long and 10 feet wide, which 
surmount the roof of the forcing houses. These external galle¬ 
ries are connected with a grand promenade, formed by the roofs 
of the rooms on the ground floor, which has a superficial area of 
1880 square yards. The east and west entrances are approached 


78 


VADE MECUM. 


by flights of blue marble steps from terraces 80 by 20 feet, in 
the centre of which stands an open kiosque. Eight ornamental 
fountains adorn the main conservatory. It cost $253,937 for the 
erection, exclusive of the expense of heating apparatus. 

The Women’s Pavilion is designed to contain all objects 
of handiwork of the women of the United States. It cost 
$40.00 ». 

Fronting this Pavilion is the building erected by the United 
States Government, which cost $05,000, and which is built of 
wood and glass. All the departments of the government will 
expose interesting objects. Back of this building will be located 
the cadets and their camp arrangements. 

On the same line as the Art Gallery, and back of the Main 
Building, is the Judge’s Hall, 152 feet by 114. In the centre is 
a public hall for meetings, conferences, etc., and a smaller one 
for the Centennial Commission. The two together will hold 
700 persons. There is also an upper gallery for the ladies. 
There the judges will meet for the award of prizes. 

Monument to Christopher Columbus.— Without Columbus 
perhaps America would yet be unknown. Everywhere statues 
and monuments are built to this immortal genius. It is fitting 
that on the occasion of this feast of the nations, and in the pre¬ 
sence of all the world, a tribute of gratitude should be paid to 
his memory. The initiative of the monument is due to the zeal 
and energy of a few Italian residents in Philadelphia; prominent 
among whom are Mr. Yiti, the resident Italian Consul, and Mrs. 
Finelli and Lagomarsino. This monument will represent the 
great navigator at the moment of discovering the new land. The 
statue will be in white marble Ravazzione. 

The Monument to Witherspoon is near the end of the Art 
Gallery, and is a bronze statue on a pedestal of granite. John 
Witherspoon was one of the signers of the declaration, and also 
one of the most ardent defenders of American independence. 

The Monument of Humboldt consists of a bronze statue nine 
feet high. 

The Statue of Religious Liberty. —Formerly men were com¬ 
pelled to conform their religious belief to the will of the State ; 
to-day, thanks to an enlightened civilization, they are free to 
think for themselves, and many choose, without let or hindrance, 
from among the many existing religious systems. In no country 
has religious toleration been so broad as in the United States, 
where the maxim of the illustrious Cavour, “ a free church in a 
free State,” has its fullest force. It is but just, that, in this joy¬ 
ful celebration commemorative of the birth of political freedom, 
religious freedom be not forgotten, for they have ever been 
closely associated. The Jews, who for so long a time have been 
unjustly persecuted, have taken the initiative in this testimony 


VAPE MECUM. 7 9 

of respect to religious freedom. The statue cost $30,000, and 
with the pedestal will be 20 feet high. 

Penn’s Statue. —He to whom Philadelphia owes her exist¬ 
ence has not been forgotten, and the colossal statue of bronze 
which is intended to crown the dome of the new City Hall will 
be exposed during the exhibition. 

Emancipation. —This is a statue designed to represent the 
benefits that the colored man enjoys under a free government, 
he being placed on an equality with other citizens. Near by 
Machinery Hall, on an avenue called Fountain Avenue, is the 
fountain erected by the Total Abstinence Society. A basin 40 
feet in diameter has in its centre a block of stone work, upon 
which is the statue of Moses in the act of smiting the rock. 

On Belmont eminence has been erected an Observatory, from 
the top of which may be had a splendid view of the city. The 
charge to go up will be 10 cents for each person, and ten min¬ 
utes is the time allowed to stay on the top. 

The South is a restaurant so called, whose great hall will hold 
500 persons. It is two stories high, and 140 feet by 96. 

Principal Libraries. 

Philadelphia and Loganian, Fifth and Library Streets (below 
Chestnut). 

Ridgway Library. New building being erected at Broad and 
Christian Streets for Ridgway branch of Philadelphia Library. 

Athenaeum, Sixth Street below Walnut. 

Pennsylvania Historical Society, 820 Spruce Street. 

Mercantile, Tenth Street above Chestnut. 

Law Library, corner Fifth and Walnut Streets. 

Apprentices’, corner Fifth and Arch Streets. . 

Medical library, Pennsylvania Hospital, Eighth and Pine 
Streets. 

Shakspeare Society’s Library, Room 6 Mercantile Library, old 
building, Fifth and Library Streets (below Chestnut). 

Mercantile Associations. 

Board of Brokers, 21 Merchants’ Exchange, Third and Wal¬ 
nut Streets. 

Board of Trade, Mercantile library Building, Tenth Street 
above Chestnut. 

Chamber of Commerce, 133 South Second Street. 

Grocers’ (wholesale) Association, 119 South Front Street. 

Maritime Exchange, 133 South Second Street. 

Philadelphia Drug Exchange, 17 South 'Third Street. 

Philadelphia Exchange Co., N. E. corner 'Third and Walnut. 

Produce Exchange, Front and Arch Streets. 


80 


VADE MECUM. 


Railroad Depots and Ticket Offices. 

Pennsylvania Railroad.— Main Line Westward —Depots, 
Thirty-first and Market Streets for arriving trains, Thirty-second 
and Market Streets for departing trains, and at Elm and Bel¬ 
mont Avenues, West Philadelphia. New York Division —De¬ 
pots, Thirty-second and Market Streets and Front and Berks 
Streets. Belvidere Division —Depot, Front and Berks Streets. 
Amboy Division —From Market Street Ferry, Philadelphia, and 
foot of Market Street, Camden. Ticket offices, 838 Chestnut 
Street, S. E. corner Broad and Chestnut Streets, 116 Market 
Street, 4 Chelten Avenue, Germantown, and at Depots. 

Philadelphia and Reading Railroad.— Main Line —De¬ 
pots, Thirteenth and Callowhill Streets and on Landsdowne 
drive, near the Centennial Buildings. Germantoivn and Nor¬ 
ristown Branch —Depots, Ninth and Green Streets, at German¬ 
town, Manayunk, and Chestnut Hill. Ticket offices, 838 Chest¬ 
nut Street, 317 Arch Street, 624 and 732 Chestnut Street, and 
at Depots. 

North Pennsylvania Railroad. —Depot, Berks and Ameri¬ 
can Streets. Ticket offices, Fifth and Chestnut Streets, 732 
Chestnut Street, and at Depot. 

Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad —De¬ 
pot, Broad and Washington Avenue. Ticket offices, 700 and 
838 Chestnut Street. 

Camden and Atlantic Railroad. —From foot of Vine Street; 
Depot, Camden. Ticket offices, 838 Chestnut Street, S. E. cor¬ 
ner Broad and Chestnut Streets, foot of Vine Street, 4 Chelten 
Avenue, Germantown. 

West Jersey Railroad. —From foot of Market Street. Ticket 
offices, 116 Market Street, 838 Chestnut Street, S. EP corner 
Broad and Chestnut Streets, foot of Market Street, and 4 Chelten 
Avenue, Germantown. 

Philadelphia and Baltimore Central. —Depot of P., W., 
and B. R. R., Broad and Washington Avenue. 

West Chester and Philadelphia Railroad. —Depot, Thirty- 
first and Chestnut Streets, West Philadelphia. 

Steamship Companies. 

American Line, Peter Wright & Sons, Agents, 307 Walnut 
Street. 

Cunard Line, James Hogan, Agent, 339 Chestnut Street. 

Cromwell Line (to New Orleans), William P. Clyde & Co., 
Agents, 12 South Wharves. 

Great Western Steamship Line, New York to Bristol, Eng¬ 
land, A. R. McHenry & Co., 11 Walnut Street. 

Inman Line, Wm. Brockie, Agent, 402 Chestnut Street. 


VADE MECUM. 81 

Morgan’s Line, for New Orleans and Texas, Alonzo Shotwell, 
Agent, 132 South Delaware Avenue. 

New Orleans, Galveston, and Ivey West Line, Wm. P. Clyde 
& Co., 12 South Wharves. 

Netherland-American Steam Navigation Company, H. L. 
Gregg & Co., 108 Walnut Street, Freight, and Goeble & Lutz, 
429 North Fourth Street, Passenger Agents. 

National Line, Waller & Co., Agents, 204 Walnut Street. 

Philadelphia and Providence Line, Wm. Clyde & Co., Agents, 
12 South Wharves. 

Philadelphia and Charleston Line, Wm. Clyde & Co., Agents, 
12 South Wharves. 

Philadelphia and Boston Line, Henry Winsor & Co., Agents, 
338 South Delaware Avenue. 

Philadelphia and Southern Mail Steamship Company, Wm. L. 
James, Agent, 416 South Delaware Avenue. 

Providence, Boston, and Worcester Line, Henry Winsor & 
Co., 338 South Delaware Avenue. 

Richmond and Norfolk Line, Wm. P. Clyde & Co., 12 South 
Wharves. 

Red Star Line (to Liverpool), Peter Wright & Sons, Agents, 
307 Walnut Street. 

Ferry Companies. 

Camden and Philadelphia, from foot of Market Street, upper 
side, to Federal Street. Camden. 

Cooper’s Point, from foot of Vine Street, to Cooper’s Point. 

Gloucester, Nf*v Jersey, from foot of South Street, to Glou¬ 
cester. * 

Kaighn’s Point, from foot of South Street, upper side, to 
South Camden or Kaighn’s Point. 

Kensington and New Jersey, from foot of Shackamaxon Street, 
to Cooper’s Point. 

Smith’s Island, from Pier 7 South Wharves. 

West Jersey, from foot of Market Street, lower side, to Mar¬ 
ket Street, Camden. 

Government of Pennsylvania, 1876. 

Governor .— John F. Hartranft. 

Lieutenant-Governor .—J oiin L atta. 

Auditor-General .— Justus F. Temple. 

Secretary of Internal Affairs .— William MoCandless. 

State Treasurer .— Henry Rawle. 

A Horney- General. —George Lear. 

Secretary of the Commonwealth.—- M. S. Quay. 

Deputy Secretary .— John B. Linn. 

Secretary to the 'Governor.—A. Wilson Norris. 


82 


VADE MECUM. 


Superintendent of Public Instruction. —J. P. Wickersham. 

Adjutant-General. —James W. Latta. 

* Commissioners of Public Charities. —G. Dawson Coleman, of 
Lebanon, President; A. 0. Noyes, of Clinton ; Hiester Clymer, 
of Berks ; George Bullock, of Montgomery ; Wm. Bakewell, of 
Allegheny; Francis Wells, of Philada.; Mahlon Dickinson, of 
Philada. General Agent and Secretary, Dr. Diller Luther, of 
Bucks. 

Commissioners of Fisheries. —Howard J. Reeder, of North¬ 
ampton ; B. L. Hewitt, of Huntingdon; James Duffy, of Lan¬ 
caster. 

Commissioner of Insurance. —J. Montgomery Forster. 

Commissioner of Labor Statistics. —W. Hayes Grier, of Lan¬ 
caster. 


Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. 

Chief Justice. —Daniel Agnew. 

Associate Justices. —George Sharswood, Henry W. Williams, 
Ulysses Mercur, Isaac G. Gordon, Warren J. Woodward, Ed¬ 
ward M. Paxsou. 

Prothonotary , Eastern District. —Benj. E. Fletcher, Philada. 
Middle District. —R. Snodgrass, Harrisburg. 

Western District. —J. Bowman Sweitzer, Pittsburg. 

Northern District. —C. J. Cummings, Sunbury. 


Pennsylvania Legislature, 1876-77. 

Senate. 

[Senators marked (*) are members holding oveS* from J875.] 
President of the Senate. —John Latta. Lieutenant-Governor. 


Clerk. —Russel Errett. 

District. 

Philadelphia. 

1 Geo. Handy Smith, Rep. 

2 David A. Nagle,* Dem. 

3 John Lamon,* Rep. 

4 Horatio G. Jones,* Rep. 

5 Elisha W. Davis,* Rep. 

6 A. K. Dunkel,* Rep. 

7 Hiram Horter,* Rep. 

8 Jacob Grouse,* Rep. 

Delaware. 

9 Thos. Y. Cooper,* Rep. 

Bucks. 

10 Harman Yerkes,* Dem. 

Berks. 

11 D. Ermentrout,* Dem. 

Montgomery. 

12 W. A. Ycakle,* Rep. 


District. 

Lancaster. 

13 John B. Warfel, Rep. 

14 P. J. Roebuck,* Rep. 

Dauphin. 

15 A. J. Herr,* Rep. 

Lehigh. 

\ 16 Edwin Albright,* Dem. 
Lebanon. 

17 Jacob G. Heilman, Rep. 

Northampton. 

18 S. C. Shimer (Ind.).* 

Chester. 

19 R. L. McClellan,* Rep. 

Luzerne. 

20 W. H. Stanton,* Dem. 

21 Hubbard B. Payne,* Rep. 





VADE MECUM. 


i 


83 


District. 

Monroe, Pike, and Carbon. 

22 Charlton Burnett, Deni. 
Bradford and Wyoming. 

23 Delos Rockwell,* Dem. 
Lycoming, Montour, Sullivan, 

and Columbia. 

24 Robert P. Allen, Dem. 

Tioga , Potter , and McKean. 

25 Butler B. Strang,* Rep. 
Susquehanna and Wayne. 

26 W.W.Watson,* Rep. 

Union, Snyder, and Northum -• 

berland. 

27 Andrew H. Dill,* Dem. 

York. 

28 Dr. H. G. Bussey,* Dem. 

Sch uylkill. 

29 Oliver P. Bechtel,* Dem. 

30 J. P. Coolihan,* Dem. 

Perry, Miff in, and Juniata. 

31 Jos. S. Waream,* Dem. 
Cumberland and Adams. 

32 James Chestnut,* Dem. 
Franklin and Huntingdon. 

33 C. McKibbin,* Dem. 

Clinton, Clearfield, and Centre. 

34 Thos. J. Boyer, Dem. 

Blair and Cambria. 

35 John Lemon,* Rep. 


District. 

Somerset, Bedford, and Fulton. 

36 E. D. Yutzy,* Rep. 

Indiana and Jefferson. 

37 R. C. Winslow,* Rep. 
Cameron, Elk, Clarion, and 

Forrest. 

38 D. P. Thomas, Dem. 

Westmoreland. 

39 James C. Clarke,* Dem. 

Fayette and Greene. 

40 James W. Hayes, Dem. 
Butler and Armstrong. 

41 S. M. Jackson,* Rep. 

Allegheny. 

42 Hugh McNeill,* Rep. 

43 G. H. Anderson,* Rep. 

44 J. C. Newmeyer,* Rep. 

45 Eli A. Wood.* Dem. 

Beaver and Washington. 

46 George Y. Lawrence, Rep. 

Lawrence and Mercer. 

47 F. LI. Braggins, Rep. 

Warren and Venango. 

48 W. S. McMullen, Rep. 

Erie. 

49 Harry Butterfield, Rep. 

Crawford. 

50 Geo. K. Anderson,* Rep. 


Adams. 

E. W. Stahle, Dem. 

D. Geiselman, Dem. 
Allegheny. 

1 H. M. Long, Rep. 

W. H. Graham, Rep. 
John Swan, Dem. 

2 John M. Irwin, Dem. 
G. C. Shidle, Dem. 

3 Peter Zern, Dem. 

4 S. F. Patterson, Dem. 
Joseph Hayes, Dem. 

S. J. Wainwright, Rep. 
J. R. Thornton, Dem. 


5 B. C. Christy, Rep. 
S. P. Large, Dem. 

6 I). J. Rogers, Dem. 
Andrew Large, Dem. 

Armstrong. 

R. Thompson, Rep. 
A. W. Bell, Rep. 
Beaver. 

C. I. Wendt, Rep. 
Joseph Graff', Dem. 
Bedford. 

G. H. Spang, Dem. 
Wm. Keyser, Dem. 


House of Representatives. 

Speaker of the House—S. F. Patterson. 
Clerk—Adam Woolever. 


District. 


District. 






84 


YADE MECUM. 


District. 

Berks. 

1 (Reading) J. Miller, Rep. 
A. B. Wanner, Dem. 

2 Benjamin E. Dry, Dem. 

A. Smith, Dem. 

Nicholas Andre, Dem. 

J. D. Conrad, Dem. 

- Blair. 

J. C. Everhart, Dem. 

I. H. Rawlins, Rep. 

Bradford. 

George Moscrip, Rep. 

E. G. Tracy, Rep. 

Uriah Terry, Dem. 

Bucks. 

J. M. Jamison,•'Dem. 

J. W. Carver, Dem. 
Legrand Law, Dem. 

J. Paul Knight, Rep. 

Butler. 

A. L. Campbell, Rep. 
Joseph S. Lusk, Dem. 
Cambria. 

John Hannan, Dem. 

John Buck, Dem. 

Cameron. 

J. W. Phelps, Rep. 
Carbon. 

James A. Harvey, Dem. 

A. J. Darling, Dem. 

Centre. 

S. T. Shugert, Dem. 

A. J. Alexander, Dem. 

Chester. 

E. Bailey, Rep. 

P. G. Carey, Rep. 

Geo. F. Smith, Rep. 

John P. Edge, Rep. 
Clarion. 

Martin Williams, Dem. 

J. H. Wilson, Dem. 

Clearfield. 

W. R. Hartshorn, Dem. 

Clinton. 

' Geo. A. Achenbach, Dem. 
Columbia. 

E. J. McHenry, Dem. 

S. P. Ryan, Dem. 


District. 

Crawford. 

W. C. Plummer, Dem. 

R. H. Sturtevant, Dem. 

S. H. Findley, Rep. 

S. J. Logan, Dem. 

Cumberland. 

W. B. Butler, Dem. 

Geo. W. Mumper, Dem. 
Dauphin. 

1 (Harrisburg) R. R. Chris- 

man, Rep. 

2 A. Fortenbaugh, Rep. 
Joseph H. Nisley, Rep. 

Delaware. 

W. C. Talley, Dem. 

Wm. Worrall, Dem. 

Elk. 

Sebastian Wimmer, Dem. 
Erie. 

1 (Erie City) W. Henry, Dem. 

2 W.W. Brown, Rep. 

F. S. Chapin, Rep. 

O. Logan, Rep. 

Fayette. 

James Darby, Dem. 

T. R. Deyarmon, Dem. 

Forest. 

J. B. Agnew, Rep. 
Franklin. 

Hastings Gehr, Rep. 

M. A. Embich, Dem. 

Simon Lecron, Dem. 

Fulton. 

H. S. Wishart, Dem. 

Greene. 

Morgan R. Wise, Dem. 

Huntingdon. 

H. H. Mateer (Ind.). 

W. P. McNite, Dem. 
Indiana. 

A. W. Kimmel, Rep. 

J. K. Thompson, Rep. 

Jefferson. 

R. B. Brown, Dem. _ 
Juniata. 

Jerome Hetrick, Dem. 
Lancaster. 

1 D. P. Rosenmiller, Jr., Rep. 




VADE MECUM. 


85 


District. 

2 Amos H. Mylin, Rep. 
William McGowan, Rep. 

3 Geo. H. Ettia, Rep. 

A. H. Summey, Rep. 

J. A. Stober, Rep. 

Lawrence. 

E. S. M. Morgan, Rep. 

John Q. Stewart, Rep. 
Lebanon. 

Isaac Hoffer, Rep. 

W. H. Hostetter, Rep. 
Lehigh. 

James Kimmett, Pern. 

John H. Fogel, Dern. 

Geo. T. Gross, Dem. 
Luzerne. 

1 C. A. Miner, Rep. 

2 T. H. B. Lewis, Dem. 

3 J. J. Shonk (Prohib.). 

4 J. C. Fincher, Dem. 

5 James McAsey, Dem. 

6 (Scranton) F. W. Gunster, 

Dem. 

M. F. Lynott, Dem. 

7 C. R. Gorman, Dem. 

8 T. W. Loftus (Ind.). 

Lycoming. 

0. H. Reighard, Dem. 

John Gaffey, Dem. 

George Steck, Dem. 
McKean. 

Byron D. Hamlin, Dem. 

Mercer. 

E. W. Jackson, Rep. 

H. S. Blatt, Rep. 

G. W. Reed, Rep. 

Mifflin. 

Joseph W. Parker, Dem. 

Monroe. 

Wm. Kistler, Dem. 

Montgomery. 

Thomas G. Rutter, Dem. 
Joseph B. Yerkes, Dem. 
Francis M. Knipe, Dem. 

J. C. Richardson, Dem. 
James B. Law, Dem. 
Montour. 

James Gruikshank, Rep. 

8 


District. 

Northampton. 

Elias Scholl, Dem. 

A. J. Erwin, Dem. 

John Stotzer, Dem. - 
Northumberland. 
Jesse J. John, Rep. 

W. P. Withington, Dem. 
Perry. 

George N. Reutter, Dem. 
Philadelphia. 

1 Wm. Douglas, Rep. 

John Graham, Rep. 

2 John E. Kennedy, Dem. 
John Holland, Dem. 

3 Jas. L. Marshall, Dem. 

4 J. J. Monaghan, Dem. 

5 Emil J. Petroff, Rep. 

6 Theo. F. Miller, Dem. 

7 W. H. Patterson, Rep. 

J. Granville Leach, Rep. 

8 Edward A. Good, Rep. 

9 J W. Spicer, Dem. 

10 Geo. W. Hall, Rep. 

11 A. W. Crawford, Dem. 

12 Charles Centner, Dem. 

13 Wm. H. Yogdes, Rep. 

14 Jas. Devereux, Rep. 

15 J. E. Reyburn, Rep. 
Henry Huhn, Rep. 

Edw. Montgomery, Rep. 

16 Martin Conrad, Dem. 

17 John E. Faunce, Dem. 

18 Wm. J. Roney, Rep. 

G. A. Bakeoven, Rep. 

19 Robt. Gillespie, Rep. 
Thos. J. Rice, Rep. 

Wm. Ringgold, Rep. 

20 John N. Wood, Rep. 

F. W. Quirk, Rep. 

21 Josephus Yeakel, Rep. 

22 Jos. M. Hill, Rep. 

23 Charles B. Jalter, Rep. 

24 James Newell, Rep. 

25 Geo. L. Pallatt, Dem. 

26 Henry O’Neill, Rep. 
Joseph R. Souder, Rep. 

27 John W. Leigh, Rep. 

28 F. Fredericks, Rep. 



86 


VADE MECUM. 


District. 

Pike. 

E. B. Eld red, Dem. 

Potter. 

C. Hollenback, Dem. 

Schuylkill. 

1 J. W. Morgan, Rep. 

2 0. J. Loudenslager, Rep. 

3 J. Boyer, Dem. 

4 S. A. Losch, Rep. 

W. J. Lewis, Rep. 

F. L. Foster, Dem. 

Snyder. 

George A. Schoch, Rep. 
Somerset. 

William Endsley, Rep. 
Joseph D. Miller, Rep. 
Sullivan. 

Richford Bedford, Dem. 

Susquehanna. 
Samuel Falkenburg, Rep. 
W.W.Williams, Rep. 
Tioga. 

John I. Mitchel, Rep. 

W. T. Humphrey, Rep. 

Union. 

Charles S. Wolfe, Rep. 


District. 

Venango. 

J. P. Park, Dem. 

J. M. Dickey, Rep. 
William Hasson, Dem. 
Warren. 

George W. Allen, Rep. 

Washington. 

J. K. Billingsley, Rep. 
John Birch, Rep. 

W. G. Barnett, Dem. 
Wayne. 

Thos. Y. Boyd, Rep. 
Wm. W. Mum ford, Rep. 

Westmoreland. 

H. B. Piper, Dem. 

Jas. L. Toner, Dem. 

T. McLean, Dem. 

Wyoming. 

Giles Roberts, Rep. 
York. 

A. Stevens, Dem. 

E. Myers, Dem. 

J. B. Gemmil, Dem. 

Geo. Austine, Dem. 


City Government. 

Mayor .— Wm. S. Stokley. , 

Recorder. — James Given. 

City Controller .— Samuel P. Hancock. 

City Treasurer. — Peter A. B. Widener. 

City Solicitor. — Charles H. T. Collis. 

Receiver of Taxes. — Thomas J. Smith. 

City Commissioners. —J. S. Wetter, David Martin, Thomas 
A. Fahy. 


City Councils. 
Select Council. 

President—George A. Smith. 

Clerk—Joseph H. Paist. 

Assistant Clerk—Alex. J. McCleary. 
Messenger—Mortimer L. Johnson. 


\A/ o vd a 

1 Wm. K. Park, Rep. 

2 F. J. Griffith, Dem. 

3 John Monroe, Dem. 


Wards. 

4 Timothy Mealy, Dem. 

5 John Cochran, Dem. 

6 John C. Bickel, Dem. 




YADE MECUM. 


87 


Wards. 

7 N. Spering, Rep. 

8 John W. Baker, Rep. 

9 Geo. A. Eno, Rep. 

10 John McCullough, Rep. 

11 Samuel G. King, Dem. 

12 Dr. A. H. McAdams, Rep. 

13 J. L. Shoemaker, Rep. 

14 

15 W. S. Reyburn, Rep. 

16 Henry McDowell, Rep. 

-17 Thomas Hill, Rep. 

18 G. W. Bumm, Rep. 


Wards. 

19 Adam Albright, Rep. 

20 John A. Miskey, Rep. 

21 Chas. T. Jones, Rep. 

22 James R. Gates, Rep. 

23 E. A. Shallcross, Rep. 

24 Henry Glass, Rep. 

25 A. Thatcher, Dem. 

26 Wm. Bradley, Rep. 

27 0. H. Wilson, Rep. 

28 Geo. A. Smith, Rep. 

29 John Fox, Rep. 


Republicans, 22 ; Democrats, 7 ; Vacant, 1. 

Common Council. 


President—Joseph L. Caven. 

Clerk—John Eckstein. 

Assistant Clerk—Hugh A. Mullen. 

Messengers—Gavin Neilson, George W. Johnson. 

Wards. 


1 R. B. Salter, Rep. 

M. A. Davis, Rep. 

Amos M. Slack, Rep. 

2 Francis Morgan, Dem. 
Joseph Martin, Rep. 
Joseph H. Tatem, Rep. 

3 0. F. Kaney, Dem. 
Edward C. Quin, Dem. 

4 William McMullin, Dem. 
John F. Gegan, Dem. 

5 David Mouat, Rep. 
George White, Rep. 

6 John Kennedy, Dem. 

7 John Bardsley, Rep. 
William Devine, Rep. 
Alex. Russell, Rep. 

8 G. A. Schafer, Rep. 

9 John A. Clark, Rep. 

10 A. W. Henszey, Rep. 

H. B. Lippincott, Rep. 

11 Edward Matthews, Dem. 

12 A. H. Ladner, Dem. 

13 Henry Budd, Dem. 

J. P. Wolverton, Rep. 

14 M. S. Bonsall, Rep. 
James Subers, Rep. 


Wards. . 

15 J. J. Martin, Rep. 

John F. Glenn, Rep. 
Joseph L. Caven, Rep. 
Samuel C. Collins, Rep. 

I 16 E. H. Hayhurst, Rep. 
John Rink, Dem. 

17 James Tulley, Dem. 

J. W. Allen, Rep. 

18 F. Doeblev, Rep. 

Chas. Weyman, Dem. 
Joseph G. Haines, Dem. 

1 9 S. A. Miller, Rep. 

Daniel Currie, Rep. 

Adam Myers, Rep. 

Wm. Judge, Rep. 

Thomas Bromley, Rep. 
George T. Moore, Rep. 

20 George Dorian, Rep. 
George Widener, Rep. 
Robert Laughlin, Rep. 
Samuel R. Marshall, Dem. 

21 Dr. H. N. Uhler, Rep. 

22 Louis Wagner, Rep. 

Dr. J. C. Gilbert, Rep. 

23 W. Wright, Rep. 

J. Cartledge, Rep. 

24 George E. Hall, Rep. 








83 


YADE MECUM. 


Wards. 

George T. Jones, Dem. 
Richard Peltz, Rem. 


Wards. 


25 D. Megonigal, Dem. 


Wm. McClung, Rep. 

27 W. E. Rowan, Rep. 

28 Rud. Klauder, Rep. 


2G W. Thornton, Rep. 
P. H. Klohse, Rep. 
Wm. James, Rep. 


R. H. Cooper, Rep. 
29 R. J. Hanby, Rep. 


B. F. Bonham, Rep. 
AVm. L. Elkins, Rep. 


John Fullerton, Rep. 


Republicans, 52 ; Democrats, 15; Vacant, 2. 


Departments of the City Government. 

Department of Police.^ 

Chief of Police—Kennard H. Jones. 
Fire Marshal—James 0. Thompson. 

Captains of Police. 


First.—Chas. W. Wood, Headquarters, Station House, Lom¬ 
bard below Eighth Street. 

Second.—George W. Curry, Station House, Buttonwood be¬ 
low Eleventh Street. 

Third.—William R. Heins, Station House, Front and Master 
Streets. 

Fourth.—Lewis Godbou, Station House, Lehigh and Park 
Avenues. 


Police and Fire-Alarm Telegraph. 
Superintendent—William J. Phillips. 

Fire Department. 


Commissioners—Jacob Loudenslager (Pres’t), Wm. A. Por¬ 
ter, Joseph S. Robinson, C. A. McManus, Wm. Calhoun, Alex¬ 
ander McCuen, Thomas H. Spence. 

Secretary—John R. Cant]in. 

Chief Engineer—William H. Johnston. 


Department of Highways. 


Chief Commissioner—William Baldwin. 

Assistant Commissioners — 1st Dist. Joshua Nuttall. 2d. 
Thomas Gilligan. 3d. C. C. IJains. 4th. W. H. Maneely. 
5th. S. D. Woodington. 

Chief Clerk—M. M. Coppuck. 


Department of Markets and City Property. 

Commissioner—Wm. Dixey. 

Clerk—H. C. Pugh. 



VADE MECIJM. 


89 


Board of Revision of Taxes. 

Commissioners—Thomas Cochran (Pres’t), William Loughlin, 
Samuel Haworth. 

Chief Clerk—James W. Sayre. 

Collector of Delinquent Taxes—Henry Bumm. 

Assesses of Real and Personal Estate for Taxes. 

1st Dist.—South side of Washington Avenue, east side of 
Broad Street to Delaware River—Albert List, Peter Monroe. 

2d Dist.—South side of South Street, west side of Broad Street 
to Schuylkill River—John O’Donnel, Jos. H. McKeehan. 

3d Dist.—South side of South Street, north side of Washing¬ 
ton Avenue, east of Broad Street to Delaware River—Robert C. 
Gamble, Joseph Eneu. 

4th Dist.—North side of South Street, south side of Vine 
Street, east side of Seventh Street to Delaware River—John R. 
Orr, H. A. Gildea. 

5th Dist.—North side of South Street, south side of Vine 
Street, west side of Seventh to east side of Thirteenth Street— 
A. M. Maggi, Jr., E. G. Carlin. 

6th Dist.—North side of South Street, south side of Chestnut 
Street, west side of Thirteenth Street to Schuylkill River—Jas. 
D. Keyser, H. C. Meeser. 

7th Dist.—North side of Chestnut Street, south side of Vine 
Street, west side of Thirteenth Street to Schuylkill River—Jas. 
Y. Stokes, C. Haggarty. 

8th Dist.—North side ofYine Street, south side of Master 
Street, west side of Broad Street to Schuylkill River.—Jas. E. 
Ritchie, John McCarthy. 

9th Dist.—North side of Yine Street, south side of Master 
Street, west side of Sixth Street to east side of Broad Street— 
Samuel Allen, Peter Ambruster. 

10th Dist.—11th, 12th, and 16th Wards—John Welsh, John 
Robbins, Jr. 

11th Dist.—17th and 18th Wards—E.F. Steck, John Huplet. 

12th Dist.—North side of Master Street, east side of Broad 
Street, Germantown Avenue and Sixth Street—John B. Wal¬ 
lace, James O’Hara. 

13th Dist.—North side of Master Street, south side of Lehigh 
Avenue, west side of Broad Street to Schuylkill River—Theophi- 
lus Cornell, N. B. Kneass. 

14th Dist.—19th Ward—John T. Finletter, Lawrence Tobin. 

15th Dist.—31st Ward—Wm. G. Lamon, Chas. W. Potter. 

16th Dist.—25th Ward—south of Wheat Sheaf Lane—Wm. 
F. Miller, E. H. Gilbert. 

17th Dist.—23d Ward and portion of 25th Ward, north of 
Wheat Sheaf Lane—Peter Gold, R. L. Wright. 

8* 


90 


VADE MECUM. 


18th Dist.—22(1 Ward, south of Chelten Avenue, and 28th 
Ward, north of Lehigh Avenue and west of Broad Street and 
Germantown Avenue—Fountain Ward, T. A. Sloan. 

19th Dist.—21st Ward, and 22d Ward north of Chelten Ave¬ 
nue—Chas. E. Idell, John J. Quigg. 

20th Dist.—24th Ward—F. M. Mayhew, Jesse T. Yogdes. 
21st Dist.—27th Ward—Robert Paschall, Isaac Leech. 

Water Department. 

Chief Engineer—Wm. H. McFadden. 

Assistant Engineers—John L. Ogden, Elias J. Shaw, Abram 
D. Emery. 

Register—H. C. Shelby. 

Chief Clerk—Chas. D. Thomas. 


Survey Department. 

Chief Engineer and Surveyor—Samuel L. Smedley. 
Principal Assist. Engineer—J. M. Titlow. 
Recording Clerk—George Sturgis. 

Registry Bureau. 

Chief Officer—Samuel L. Smedley. 

Register—John H. Dye. 


Trustees of Gas- Works. 


Term expires. 


M. Hall Stanton.1876 

Samuel S. Kelly.1876 

George I. Young.1876 

Fred. G. Wolbert.1876 

Henry Bnmm.1877 

James McManes.1877 


N. Hilles (Pres’t) 

R. H. Beatty. 

Wm. R. Leeds_ 

A. C. Roberts. 

Nathan L. Jones. 
R. R. Campion ... 


Chief Engineer—Thomas R. Brown. 
Registrar-—Thomas Noble. 


Cashier—Samuel M. White. 


Term expires. 

.1877 

.1877 

.1878 

.1878 

.1878 

.1878 


Board of Health. 

Henry Davis (President); Wm. H. Ford, M.D. (Secretary); 
Charles B. Barret, James Steel, James A. McCrea, M.D., Samuel 
Ashhurst, M.D., James YY r est, Horatio G. Sickel, Enoch W. C. 
Greene, Henry W. Gray, Joseph G. Patterson, A. A. Hirst. 
Health Officer—John E. Addicks. 

Chief Clerk—Wm. P.. Troth. 

Registration Clerk—George E. Chambers. 

Port Physician—Dr. Philip Leidy. 

Lazaretto Physician—Dr. D. K. Shoemaker. 

Quarantine Master—Dr. A. W. Matthews. 

Steward of Lazaretto—Lewis Kugler. 















VADE MECUM. 


91 


Municipal Hospital. 

Physician—Dr. Win. W. Welch. 
Steward—James S. Haynes. 


Guardians of the Poor. 

James S. Chambers (President); Peter Lane, Jr. (Treasurer); 
Joseph H. Collins, Robert T. Gill, Henry Bain, William J. 
MoAleer, Wm. A. Purfor, George W. Fairman, Win. J. Nead, 
Wm.N. Marks, Wm. M. Bunn, Wm. H. Ewell. 

Secretary—Robert S. Williamson. 

Steward of Almshouse—Ellis P. Phipps. 

Physician-in-Chief Insane Department—Dr. David D. Rich¬ 
ardson. 


Board of Public Education , Dec. 1,1875. 


Wards. 

1 A. S. Jenks. 

2 A. Nebinger, M.D. 

3 W. J. Jackson. 

4 P. A. Fagen. 

5 John M. Campbell. 

0 John Sheddon. 

% 

7 Lewis Elkin. 

8 Simon Gratz. 

9 James Freeborn. 

10 M. P. Hutchinson. 

11 

12 M. H. Stanton (Prest.). 

13 John B. Green. 

14 Thomas R. Davis. 

15 James S. Whitney. 

10 James Nichol. 


Wards. 

17 John MeAvoy, M.D. 

18 Alex. Adaire. 

19 

20 R. J. Lehman. 

21 Leander M. Jones. 

22 Spencer Roberts. 

23 Richardson L. Wright. 

24 Norris J. Hoffman. 

25 James H. MacBride. 

20 James L. Stewart. 

27 Daniel Steinmetz. 

28 Charles F. Abbot. 

29 James Long. 

30 

31 James Milligan, Jr. 


Secretary—Henry W. H alii well. 

Superintendent of School Buildings—Lewis H. Esler. 


Inspectors of the Comity Prison. 

John B. Biddle, M.D. (President); Edmund Smith (Secretary) ; 
Henry C. Howell (Treasurer); Joseph R. Chandler, James A. 
Freeman, Casper Wistar, M.D., J. Rodman Paul, M.D., Robert 
P. Gillingham, John Price Wetherill, Wm. M. Reilly, Edmund 
Browning. 

Managers of the House of Correction. 

Samuel Kilpatrick (President); Samuel C. Willets, John Fry, 
William M. Wilson, William A. Duff, William Bumm, William 
J. Warne, John Noblett, Richard G. Oellers, William Gulager. 
Secretary—Edwin Palmer. 

Superintendent—Samuel W. Cattell. 



92 


VADE MECUM. 


Inspectors of the Eastern Penitentiary. 

Richard Vaux (President); Charles Thomson Jones (Secre¬ 
tary) ; John M. Maris (Treasurer); Thos. H. Powers, Alexander 
Henry. 

Warden—Edward Townsend. 

House of Refuge. 

President—James J. Barclay. 

Vice-Presidents—John M. Ogden, John Robbins. 

Treasurer—Henry Perkins. 

Secretary—William S. Perot. 

Board of Managers—J. J. Barclay (Chairman); Fred. Collins 
(Secretary); George M. Troutman (Assistant Secretary). 

Directors of City Trusts. 

Wm. Welsh (President); Gustavus S. Benson, Alexander 
Biddle, James Campbell, James L. Claghorn, Charles H. T. 
Collis, Louis Wagner, William. H. Drayton, A. Wilson Henszey, 
Wm. B. Mann, John H. Michener, Henry M. Phillips (Vice- 
President), Wm. S. Stokley, George H. Stuart. 

Secretary—Henry W. Arey. 

Girard Estates. 

Superintendent—Charles S. Smith. 

Assistant Superintendent—James A. Kirkpatrick. 

Agent—Samuel S. Cavin. 

Board of Port Wardens. 

John J. Kersey (President); Samuel J. Christian, George W. 
Hacker, Wm. M. Greiner, Wm. Cramp, Sr., W. B. Gallagher, 
Ludlam Matthews, George Stocklnim, James M. Ferguson, 
Wm. A. Hurley, Harrison Snyder, Charles # McGinley, John 
vVelsh, H. B. Bates, John B. Lewellen, Frank R. Malone, J. M. 
Baker, of Chester, Richard H. Morris, of Bristol. 

Master Warden—James G. McQuaide. 

Harbor Master—Alex. P. Colesberry. 

Clerk of Board—George B. Miller. 

Commissioners of Public Buildings. 

Samuel C. Perkins (President); Lewis C. Cassidy, Malilon H. 
Dickinson, Thomas J. Barger, John L. Hill, Richard Peltz, 
Samuel W. Cattell, Thomas Miller, Thomas E. Gaskill, William 
Brice. Ex-officio —Wm. S. Stokley, George A. Smith, A. Wil¬ 
son Henszey. 

Secretary—F. de Haes Janvier. 

Architect—John McArthur, Jr. 

Superintendent—Wm. C. Macpherson. 


VADE MECUM. 


93 


Fairmount Park Commission. 

Morton McMichael (President); Henry M. Phillips (Trea- 
surer); John Welsh (Vice-President); Theo. Cuyler, Wm. Sel¬ 
lers, James McManes, Eli*K. Price, Gustavus Remak, John 
Rice, Thomas A. Scott. Ex-officio —Wm. S. Stokley, Wm. FI. 
McFadden, Samuel L. Smedley, Wm. Dixey, George A. Smith, 
A. Wilson Henszey. 

Superintendent—Russel Thayer. 

Secretary—Ridgway W. Robbins. 

Solicitor—William H. Yerkes. 

Superintendent of City Railroads. 

William A. Rosier. 

Trustees of City Ice Boats. 

Clement A. Griscom (President); Galloway C. Morris, Thomas 
J. Martin, Robert Patterson, George W. Mears, Edward T. 
Halliwell (Secretary). 

County Officers. 

Sheriff—William Elliott. 

Recorder of Deeds—David H. Lane. 

Register of Wills and Clerk of Orphans’ Court—Gideon Clark. 

District Attorney—Furman Sheppard. 

Assistants—Henry S. Hagert, Robert P. Dechert. 

Clerk of Quarter Sessions—Henry H. Bingham. 

Coroner—Kingston Goddard, M.D. 

Deputy—Henry B. Malm. 

Appraisers of Mercantile Taxes—Henry C. Selby, Samuel 
Josephs, John McCullough, Robert Morris, Robert C. Titter¬ 
mary. 

Courts. 

Common Pleas Courts. 

No. 1. 

President Judge—.Joseph Allison. 

Associate Judges—William S. I’eirce, Craig Biddle. 

No. 2. 

President Judge—J. I. Clark Hare. 

Associate Judges—James T. Mitchell, Joseph T. Pratt. 

No. 3. 

President Judge—James R. Ludlow. 

Associate Judges—Thomas K. Finletter, James Lynd. 


94 


YADE MECUM. 


No. 4. 

President Judge—M. Russell Thayer. 

Associate Judges—Amos Briggs, Thomas R. Elcock. 
Prothonotary—William B. Mann. 

Orphans' Court. 

Court Room 211 South Sixth Street. 

T. Bradford Dwight, Wm. B. Hanna, Dennis W. O’Brien. 
Clerk—Gideon Clark. 

Deputy—Richard Ellis. 

Magistrates of the City of Philadelphia. 

Court No. 1—Jesse S. Bonsall, No. 1351 Passyunk Avenue. 

“ 2—Wm. B. Collins, No. 1936 Christian Street. 

“ 3—Andrew Alexander, Sr., No. 634 AVashington 

Avenue. 

“ 4—T. Sprole Leisenring, No. 704 South Fourth St. 

“ 5—Wm. H. List, No. 144 South Sixth Street. 

“ 6—Hugh Franklin Kennedy, No. 521 Chestnut St. 

“ 7—John McClintock, No. 1006 Lombard Street. 

“ 8—Robert R. Smith, No. 114 South Seventh St. 

“ 9—Wm. A. Thorp, No. 1342 Arch Street. 

“ 10—John F. Pole, No. 118 North Seventh Street. 

“ 11—Wilson Ker, No. 538 North Third Street. 

“ 12—-Ezra Lukens, No. 835 Callowhill Street. 

“ 13—Charles E. Pancoast, No. 1907 Callowhill St. 

“ 14—John Devlin, No. 1351 North Second Street. 

“ 15—Luke V. Sutphin, No. 419 East Girard Avenue. 

“ 16—Stuart Field, No. 2052 North Fifth Street. 

“ 17—Henry Smith, S. W. corner Otis Street and 

Frankford Avenue. 

“ 18—Benton O. Severn, No. 1017 Oxford Street. 

“ 19—David Hanley Stone, No. 1836 Girard Avenue. 

“ 20—Alfred Snyder, No. 4415 Main St., Manayunk. 

“ 21—Thaddeus Stearne, No. 4833 Frankford Avenue. 

“ 22—George R. Kriekbaura, N. W. corner German¬ 

town and Chelteu Avenues. 

u 23—Thomas H Clark, No. 4091 Lancaster Avenue. 

“ 24—Thomas Randall, No. 2029 Market Street. 

City Inspectors. 

Inspectors of Drugs—James N. Marks (President) ; Charles 
L. Eberly (Treasurer); James T. Shinn (Secretary); Henry B. 
Lippincott, Robert England. 

Steam Engine and Boiler Inspector—John Overn. 


VADE MECUM. 95 

Board of Building Inspectors—James Zimmerman, Jos. M. 
Hancock, Robert N. Bowers. 

Sealers of Weights and Measures—Northern District, John 
Cloud ; Southern District, Wm. Calhoun, Horatio Stokely. 

Inspectors of Weight of Anthracite Coal—Joseph Moore, W. 
H. Taggart, C. J. McAllister. 

UNITED STATES OFFICERS IN PHILADELPHIA. 

Courts. 

U. S. Circuit Court. 

Judges—William Strong, William McKennan. 

Clerk—Samuel Bell. 

U. S. District Court. 

Judge—John Cadwalader. 

Clerk—Charles S. Lincoln. 

U. S. Marshal—James N. Kerns. 

U. S. District Attorney—John K. Valentine. 

Assistants to the District Attorney—Henry Hazlehurst and 
Hood Gilpin. 

Custom House. 

Collector—Seth I. Comly. 

Deputies—Benjamin Huckel, George Truman. 

Surveyor—E. 0. Goodrich. 

Naval Officer—J. A. Heistand. 

General Appraiser—Lorin Blodgett. 

Inspector of Hulls—Joseph Mershon. 

Inspector of Boilers of Steam Vessels—Joseph L. Parry. 
Shipping Commissioner—John Young. 

Post Office. 

Postmaster—George W. Fairman. 

Chief Clerk—L. G. Wunder. 

United States Mint. 

Superintendent—James Pollock. 

Assayer—William E. Dubois. 

Melter and Refiner—James C. Booth. 

Coiner—A. Loudon Snowden. 

Engraver—William Barber. 

United States Sub-Treasury. 

Treasurer—George Eyster, Custom House. 


96 


YADE MECUM. 


Internal Revenue. 

First District—Composed of all the city wards except 22d, 
23d, and 25th. 

Office, United States Appraisers’ Building, Second above 
Walnut. 

Collector—William B. Elliott. 

Fifth District—22d, 23d, and 25th Wards, Bucks, Mont¬ 
gomery, and Lehigh Counties. 

Office, Main Street, Frankford. 

Collector—James Ashworth. 

Pension Agents. 

For Widows—David R. B. Nevin. Office, 716 Walnut Street. 
For Invalids and Army—Horatio G. Sickel. Office, 720 San- 
som Street. 

Examining Surgeon—Dr. Thomas H. Sherwood. 

U. S. Navy Yard. 

League Island. 

Commandant—Commodore George H. Preble, U. S. N. 
Colonel of Marines—M. R. Kintzing. 

Chaplain—F. B. Rose. 

Medical Director—Dr. James McClelland. 

U. S. Naval Asylum. 

Commandant—Commodore George B. Balch, U. S. N. 

Pay Inspector—R. H. Clark. 

U. S. Naval Hospital. 

Medical Inspector—Dr. Edward Shippen. 

Surgeon—James H. Tinkham. 

U. S Arsenal. 

Bridesburg. 

Commandant—Col. T. J. Treadwell, U. S. A. 

U. S. Schuylkill Arsenal. 

Gray's Ferry Road. 

Commandant—Major J. J. Dana, Assistant Quartermaster 
General, U. S. A. 

Military Division of the Atlantic. 

Office, S. E. corner Twelfth and Girard Streets. 
Quartermaster—Col. D. H. Rucker. 

Inspector-General—Col. James A. Hardie. 



ober 


fur bte 23efud)er ber 

$H)tIabefyIjtrtcr 3BeUau$fiellung 

bet ©clegenbett ber 

■Ounberjaljrtflen /eier ber MnaOOanijujfieif ber 
Ucreinigten Slaaten. 


r> on 


31. 91 o b 11 e, 

Seller ber franjoftfeben nnb italtcntfc^en ©praibe. 




P I) i l ati d|) I) i n. 

1876. 




Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the 
the Office of the Librarian of Congress. 


year 1876, by Sig. A. Nobile, in 
All rights secured. 










































































































































































































'i> a b c e c it ni 

ober 







fur bit jDcfudjcr ber 

^itabeX^f)iaer SBeltaudftellung, 


bet ( 55 clcgentjcit ber 

l>imt>mjaf;>rigen 5eier ber UnabI>angigFett 
t»ci* 33cmitigtcn 0taatcm 


Pie (Crklarumj tier Ulnabkangigkcit nan JVmerika am 

4. ^ttU 1776. 

T)a man burdi btefe grope 2 ludftellung bejmreft, bte bunbcrtfalirige 
Unabpangtgfett ber 23eretnigten 0 taaten ju fetern, finben mtr ed fitr 
pafjenb gepalten, unfere £e[er mtt etittgeit von ben QSorfallen, melcbe bie 
23erbrettung btefed miebtigen Dorumentd begletten, befannt 311 rnacben. 
T)ad amerifantitbe s -l ; o!f bat Urfacbe, btefe tt>re grope “Magna Ghana’* 
Iteb ju baben, unb, foivobl 311 f)au|e mte aud) im ftrentblattb ift ed [either 
0 itte, bie jdbrltclje 2 Biebcrfet)r btefed gropeu Saged 311 fetern. 

Jluf rocldje Weife "bte (SBvklarung aufgenammen niurtie. 

Ter erfte Songrep bed (Jontinentd, meldier am 5. September 1774 in 
“Car 1 enters Hall” *u ytnlabelphta jufammentrat, tvar nur 311 m 3tvccf 
ber SeratpUng berufen morbnt. Vic TOglieber beffelben vcrfammelten 
[t'cb erregt, unfcX>(uffig mad fie tl)ttn follten, inbem ibnen jcber neue (Singrtff 
ber brttifdien Sftegterung aid $ermei)rung ber [ebon fe£t unertra'glicben 
llcbel erfetnen. 3 mblf Solontcn maren burd) Dclegateit in btefer 2 kr|amm* 
lung vertreten. 

(Georgia mar nic^t vertreten. ^rotepe maren bie einjigen ©affeit buret) 
meldie bie flteprdientanten bad bevorpebenbe Unbetl 3 « vcrbinteut bofften. 
Ter ftiinig mnrbe geporfamfl unb nntertX?antgft abbrefftrr. 17cm SSoife von 
@rop= 33 ritnnien mitrbe an^d $erj gclegt, t’bren Strflup geltenb ju maeben, 
urn bad Unrecbt unb ben 0cbaben 311 vcrbtnbern, mcldier entftetjen mitrbe, 
menu bte Wmerifa fetntlicfjen 4 )arlamcntdacte in taft trdten. ‘Dfan befeblop 
meiter feinen SBibeiftant> aid bie Srf aruttg, bap bie 4'rovtnj JHafndjufctts 
jBap ben ($eborfatn verfage, in 23cfudj aiu bie fungpen graufamen, ungc- 
reditnt unb unterbritefenbm ^pvtrlamentdbe|cbli't[Je; bap biefelben aid s 43er- 
fucj) ciner gepd[|tgen Vlbmittipratiou jurutfgemtefen merben [ollten. (Sine 



4 


3? a t> e W e c u m. 


Stefolution gcgcn bie (Stnfupr, ben ©ebraucp ober SInfauf ton britifdjen 
SBaarett nacp bem 1.‘December 1776, unb cin 23et'd)lufi, ba§ alle 2luS= 
fupren ton ben 3lmerifanifcpen (Soloniett nad) ®ro§=48ritanien unb ben 
brtttfcpeit 2Beft=3nbien nad) bnn 1. (September erngefteHt touvbcn, tnt 
ftalle man obtge Uebel niept beilege, toaren bte £>aupt=^.3efcpuffe bt'efer 3 U= 
fa m men fun ft. 2lm 26. October tourbe ber (Song re § oertagt, tubem 
man bem SSolfe anempfapl, einen gtoeiten am 17. Wat 1776 t'tt $p'Ia= 
belppta gu berufett, fads eS niept ton fetnen Wt§jfanbcn befrett fetn foflte. 
Die -£>o|fiumg mit toelcper ftep ber erfte (Songre§ oertagte mar etne getdufebte. 
23et ber britifepen Slegterttng ober tin fparlamente geigtc ficp feine 57etgung 
bte ^lagen ber 5lmerifaner etnen (Stnflu§ attf bte fpdt if ber Slominiftration 
paben gu laffett. Der gtoeite (Songre§ trat im DtaafS^Giebaube tn 3M)ila= 
belppia, am 10. Wat 1776 jufantmen. Die Delegaten gu bt'efer 36er= 
famntlung erftptenen urtter Umftanben, toelcpe in ^Httficpt tprer Slutoritat, 
fie tnebr ober toeniger bereeptigten. (St'nige toaren ton ben ^rooingtal* 
SSerfamntlungen getodplt, unb oertraten bie gegriinbeten ^rooingial-t&er* 
toaltung it, attbere toaren ton offentlicpen 58cratpungen unb 26erfamm- 
lungett gefanbt, bte gegett ben tUJunfd) ber ^roDtnjtal-Slu ontdten, toelcpe 
niept mit bem ami’rifanifcpt'n (Stefitpl fpmpattfirten. Unter tiefen Umftdnben 
toar eg ben Delegaten geratpen mit ber grb^ten SSorftcpt gu paubeln; jene, 
toeldrn ton bett ^Preoingtal=48erfammlmtgen ge|anbt toaren, toagten niept 
toeiter gu geben ats ipnen biefe 2Iutoritdt gu erlauben icpien. Dtefentgen 
toelcbe tom 23olf gefanbt toaren, toaren nod) toettiger bereeptigt fid; grbpere 
greibeiten perausgunepmnt, unb toaren unter ben Umftanben, toelcpe fie 
gufammengebr cpt pntte, genotptgt mit Discretion gu panteln, toaS ton 
Wancpen a IS 3agpaftigfeit angefepen toerbcit totrb. Die Delegaten 
mufjten fid) bcfjpalb gettau ait ipre 3nftruction baltcn, unb obgleicp bie 
Sreffen bci iTeruigton unb Contort) ftattgefunben patten epe ber (Songrejj 
gufammentrar, pieltcn fid) bte Wttgliebcr bod) ftreitg an bie Slurorifatiou 
ber 23ertpetbtgungema§regel gegett bte tpranifepen ©cmciupciten ber Strone. 
3nbem fie biefes tpaten, patten fie bte ©renge tpter 3nftrufttonen itber* 
fd)ieiten fbttnett; bod) bte Ocotptocnbigtctt gebot cS. ©elbft bet ber 
Organi:ation ber Slrntee unb in Srmacptgung git geinbfcltgfetten Inriitf* 
fieptigten bie (Sottgietmtirgliebcr ipre 3nftr.uctionen tn fo fern eo bie Umftanbe 
erlaubten. 

Connecticut entannte t'prc Delegaten am 5. 9?ooember 1774, urn ficp 
mit bett aiibcrnt briti[cp*amertfanifcpeu (Solontnt piitficptlicp ber geetgtteten 
Wafjregcln gur gorberung unb 5ii3opl aprt ber (S.lonten gu tereinigen, unb 
gu betratpen^ Did) pinjtrtitlicp „geeigneter Wafregelu" teretntgen toar 
bte ©mtge btefer Slutoritdt; ob bie UBorte geititgenbe SSeraitlaffung gu 
Oeinbfehgfeiteu gab, mag toopl fraglicp fein. 

JHaflaa,ufetts I3ap toar burep ipre ^rooingial=23erfammlung, ba eS am 
meiften bttrd; brittffepen Drucf gelttten, am fiipnften in bem ^fuftrage an 
ipre Delegaten, toeld)e am 5tcn December 1774 getodplt tourben. Wan 
gab ipnett unumfdpranfte 33oUmacpt mit ben Delegaten ber ubrigen (Solo= 
ttien folcpe fernerc Wa^regcltt angugeben unb gu oerabreben, toetd)e ipnett 
am beften angetpan erfcpteiteu, bte tZBieberperftedurtg ber amerifanifepen 
3Ced)tc unb gretpeiteit gu erlangcn, \otoie and) bie (£tittrad;t gtoiidjnt ®rop- 
itjritanien unb ben (Soloitien toieber pcrguftcllcn. 

41l.trplant) gab ipren Delegaten im (Sottgrep, burep cine 23erfamitt(ung 


33 a bc ccurn. 


5 


i?cn Deputirten am 12. September 1774, 2Mmad)t, mit alien 9J?apre- 
geln, bie folder Songrep fur nbtbig unb mirffam fallen follte urn cirt 
Ulufpbrcn ber amertfanifcljen 33eid)merten‘ $u bcrartlaffen, uberetn$uftim* 
men. Diefe Prcmiitj berpflidjtet fid), alte 23efcf)luffe, mcldtc fetter (Eongrcp 
annepntcu mbge_ fo weft ed in tfyrer 5Dfact>t ftebt, audjufitprett. Dtcfed 
mar cute uuuntfd)ranfie 9.h'ad)t unb nur ber $3eftimmung ben anberett 
(Eolonicn ergeben. 

|lU'unfyliiania mdplte tf>re Delcgatcn tn tprer 33erfammlung am 15. 
September 1774. Dtefclbcn erpielten ben Sluftrag bent (Eongrep betju* 
tbopnen, tour ben febod) uiept inftruirt itt 23etreff mad fie bort tpun lollten. 

<£t>utb Carolina mdplte time Delegaten in fetner Probtn$tal==23crfdmnt* 
lung am 11. 3attttar 1 775 unb gab tptten 33ollmacpt mtt ben Delegaten 
ber ubrigcit (Eolonien foldje fernere Uiapregeln antugeben unb ju berabreben, 
mdd)c iljtten am beffett angetpan erfeptenert. Die iBtcberperftftlung ber 
anterifantfepen . s Kcef)tc unb greipeiten fu crlangcn, fowte aucp bie (Eintracpt 
jmtfcpeu ©rop»23ritanten unb ben (Eolottien mieber perjuftcUcit. 

Dad Untcrpaud eon cS-outl) Carolina beftdtigte btefe (Etnennungen am 
3. ffebruar mtt SSollma’cbt foldieu 9J?ap egelit, melcpe bte befagten 
Deputirten, femte aud) bte anbmt 33erfammelteit, fur bte ,3mecfmdptgften 
palten, unt bte ffitebergutmaepung ber amertfantfepen 23e|tpmerben ju ber* 
anlaffen, betjujftmmen unb audjufiipren, 

^ tlctu-ljcrfei; ernaunte tpre SDelegaten tit ber 23crfantmlttng am 24. 
3anuar 1775, unb fanbte fie mit Snftructionen, etnett 33ericpt bon bent 
mad gctbait murbe, ab^uftatten.. 

lletu-j^umpfi;ire gab tprnt Delegaten tit ber 33erfammlung bom 25. 
3anuar 1775, 23ottmacpt, alien 'DJfapregeln, melcpe befagter Gongrep fur 
notpig palteu follte, urn elite SBtebergutmacpung ber amertfantfepen 33e* 
fepmerbett ju seranlajfen, beijuftimmen. 

Die uitteren (founded am Delamare (fept ber Stant IDclatuarc, gabett 
tpren Delegated, bn cp 33efcplup ber SCefantmluitg bom 16. Olidrj 1775, 
USollraacpt, fdeceit s Diaprcgeln betjuftimmen, bte tpnen ant geeigneteften 
feptenen tint bte unglucflicpeit Diffcrenjen jmtfdjen ©rop=33ntanten unb 
tpren Golonten audjugletdKtt, nacp melcped man fid) fo fepr febnte. 

Dirginien maplte tpre Delegaten am 20. 9Jidr$ 1775 otjne 3nftruc- 
ttonett. 

llortp-Carolina gab tpren Delegated, bttrep ben 33ertrag bom 5. Slprtl 
1775,33ollntaipt a He bte tbnett noting buitfenben f)anbtungeu audjufiipren 
tnt 97a men ber robing unb bap fid) feber Stnmopner berfelben berpfltdjte, 
fie aid btnbenb ju betraepten. Dtc 33erfammlung tn fetter ^)robinj beftd¬ 
tigte bte ©rnennungert jmet !Xage fpdter. 

llcm-^orlv ernaunte Delegaten burd) bte s Probin5tal=33erfammlung am 
22. Slpril, brei Sage nacp ber Scplacpt bon Jcrington, bon ber fd;on 
97acbrid)t eingetroffen mar, tint folcpe s IRapregeln ju ergretfen, bie am and- 
fitbrbarfteu unb jmeefmdpt'gften fdjteneit fur ber ilrpaltung unb SBteber- 
erlangung amer fantfeber Oiec^te, fomte aucp bie (Stntradjt jmtfc|en (^rop- 
23rttanten unb ben Solonteu. 

Bljobe Jjlanb unb Prouioence-|Uautatton3 inftruirten tfjrc Delegatcn, 
burd) Stimmenmeprpeit ber 23erfantmlung born 7. Wlai, ficp nut ben 
Dclegaten ber anberett (folonien ju beratben, piitfidttlid) geetgneter ’Jltap- 
regeltt urn etnen 2i3iberruf gegeu bte fungjfen britiji^en Parlamentd^Slcte, 


6 


33 a b e 9ft e c u m. 


Uarert auf ©ctner Dftajcftat Untert^ancn in 2Imertfa gegnt bercn 2Billen 
gu erbeben, yeranlaffcn gu fontteit. ©omte aud) (id) bctreff^ geetgneter 
9ftapregeln gu beratben, um bie Sftfdde unb greiljeiten bcr dolouten auf 
gerecbter unb uaturlidjer ©runblage gu etabltren. 

(Georgia, meldje feine Telegaten tin erften dongre§ bade, fanbte, m'cr 
donate nacb beifcit 93erfamntlung, biefelben gum gmeiten. dS iff mabr 
ba§ Dr. iTtjman Ball am 10. 3ftai al3 Sfteprdfentant you St. Jol)u; 
ernannt yon ten 33iirgern (euer (Part d), murbe ibm cincn (Plap gegeben. 
(Die doloitte dkorgta mablte tt>re 'Delegajn erft am 4. 3ult 1775, bit- 
felbcn famen jcbod) nt'd)t yor tern 13. ©eptember in (Pbilabelpbiu an. 
T)te (Georgia 33erfammlung inftruirte ibre iDelegaten ben Ddcgaten bcr 
anberett dolonteit unb (Proyiugen auf biefent dontinent in alien £>anblntt= 
gen betgufteben, bie ibnen md'blbar unb paffenb in biefer unrubtgen 3 e , lt 
(d)icnen fur bie drbaltung unb 33ertbeibigung unferer iftedtte unb ^reit)ei*» 
imiten unfer conftitutioncllcn dJrunbfaljen gmtfcben ®rcjj«33ritanien unb 
Slmertfa. 

T)er £>auptgmcd ber dolonte mar bie 2Btcbcrl)crftellung ber diutradjt mit 
®ro§*33ritattten. $atte d5ro§=33rttanten bie J©eftnnung ber Slmerifaner 
bejfer beurtbeilt, fo mare ein grower 3rrtbunt yermteben morben. ©te 
maren aber ftolg. eingebilbet nub tropig, unb bilbeten ftd) ein, ba§ btedolo* 
niften burd) 3ud)tigung nadbgeben mlipten. ©te batten yollfommen S'iecbt 
bartn, bap Slmerifa fid) nid)t yon ®rop=33ritanten gu trennen mitnfd)te, 
fd)ienen febod) nid)t gu ycvfteben, bap ber fortmdbrenbe 3mattg bie doiont- 
(ten gmdnge, fid) rtnabbangig gu madden. ©o bauerten bie geinbfeligfetten 
add lange donate. Bunker Bill mar you ber brtttfcbcn Slrntee ange* 
grtjfen unb mit gropent 33erluft erobert moreen, Cbavlcotoum mar nieber* 
gebrannt, €iccmt>croga unb Canon paint mar you ben Slmertfanern erobert, 
bie danabt’fcbe drpebitien untcr 3Unc>lb unb Jttontgomcri) batte ben llrmalb 
burebbruttgen; nacb tapferen ©efedden unb yielen Setbett fab man ein, bap 
alle 33erfud)e uinfonft maren. lilcm-Bork murbe yon ben 33riten etttge* 
nomnten. db fatten ^reffen gu £anb unb gttr eec ftattgefunben, unb 
bod) tampfteu in biefent Bade ettgltidic Untertbanen um bie fftccbtc, bie 
allgemcin aid ibnen gebbreub, betrad)tet murben. ©tarfe 2Bbigd badden 
ait Unabbdngigfett unb befannen fid), mic bie grope 2bat gludlicb gu dnbe 
gefitbrt merben fbnnte. 9ftait png att gu fitrdden, bap balb ein 33erfud), fid) 
yon ©rcp=33ritanien lobguretpett, gentadd merben fbnnte unb beunrubigte 
ftcb fiber bt'efe 31ubfid)t. dd murbe febod) ttiddd bffentlid) gu (35unftcn ber 
ilnabbdngigfcit gefagt ober gefebrteben, bid Bobcrt Bell, 33ud)bdnblcr in ber 
Written ©trafje, gu s Pbdabclpbia, am 15. 3anuar 1776 bie erften drem- 
plare einer anonpntcn ©ebrift, betitelt “Common Sense,” beraudgab. 
de mar ein Argument gu ©uuften ber Ilnabbdngigfcit, ber $errfdbaft©ro§- 
Sritanicn gegentiber. d5 mar gut gefebrteben unb plaufibel, unb yerfeblte 
feitte SCtrfung ntd)t. dtnt'ge 3luflagen biefer ©dmift murben beraubge- 
geben, uitb man entbedte balb, bap bcr SBcrfaffcr beffelbett Ciiamas Paine, 
ein dngldubcr, bcr fid) fatutt liber etit 3abr in 31ntertfa befattb, mar. Sluf 
“Common Sense” antmortete man mit “Plain Truth” unb yielen an* 
berett ^antpbleten; fo murbe plbpltd) bie Unabi)dugtgfetidirage cute iibermie* 
genbe burd) gang Slmertfa. Tie Telegaten int dongrep batten fid) nacb ben 
yorfidjtigen 3nftructionen, meld)e ibnen donate vort)er yon ben ernenttenben 
Slutorttdten gegebett murben, gu ridjten. 3?ad) ber ^craubgabc yon 


53 a b c 2)i c c u m. 


7 


‘Common Sense” tvdblte 9?etv=3erfep tf>re delegaten am 14. gebruar, 
gab tfetten jebocb fctne tvetterett 3nftructionen. 

‘Dai? £)aud ^ber SReprafentanten ber unteren Counties am delatvare 
tnftruirte ifere delegaten am 22. Via r$, jebe Cklegenfeett $u ergretfen, cine 
©erfbbnung mit C5ro§='©.rttanien berbct^ufunren; untcr^rtrtjtpten, bic tfereit 
$ou)tituenten ben tvaferenbeit ©efijj tbrer Ofed)te uitb fPrtoilegien ficfeern. 
9?ortl) Carolina gab tt>re tvirflicfee ©etfttmmuug bind) ©tintntenmefer eit 
am 22. 5lpril, $u toelcfeer 3 e * f bte jReprdfentanten ber Colonte ©oUntacfet 
empfingen, mit ben anberen Colontett m tvirfen, unt tfere Unabbangigfett 
feerbe^uTuferen. 

'die ©erfammlung Pen Virginia, am 15. 9J?at, feefcfelofj etnfttmnttg, ibre 
delegaten ju inftruiren, icrter ©erfammlung oorjufddageit, bie oercinigtcn 
Colontett ju freien urtb unabfedngtgett ©tauten $u erflaren — bent ftfefeor- 
fam uub per 5lbfedngigfett ber ^trone unb bent fparlamente ©roj) * ©rtta- 
utend $egenitber entbunben — fowie and), bafj fie bie ©eiftimmung ber 
Coleitie btefer Crflaruttg gebett, unb ju folcfeen ^Jiafjregeln bie baju 
bicnen, unt frembe $ulfe unb eaten 43unb ber Colottiett feerbetjufttferen ; 
boct) mit bent ©ebittg, bajj jebe ber Coloitieit itjre eigeite fliegierung, $ur 
Slnorbnung it>rer titnern Slngelegenfeeiten, feaben follte. Sluf bieie iiluto- 
ritat ftitbte fid) Hirijarb Jjenn) ifee von ©irgtnta, a!3 er ant greitag bett 
7. 3uiti folgeitben Slntrag, roeld;er pott Jofen J&bams von 9ftaffacfeufettS 
unterftutjt tvurbe, maefete: — 

„©efd)loffen, ba£biefe ©ereinigten Colonten ftttb unb follten |fetn, frete 
unb unabfedngtge <©taatenba§ fie allem Ckberfant ber britifefeen Mroite 
gegenuber entbunben finb, unb ba§ jebe politifebe ©ejtcbitng jtvifcfeen ifenett 
unb C5rofM3ritanten gdn$licfe auffeort unb aufbbren fotlte. / 

dtefer ©efcfeluf} nnnbe am 8. unb 10. 3um berudjtcfe tgt, unb an lefc- 
terent Cage tut Committee pom Cfaitjeit. Cd rnurbe bann befd)loffjett, ben 
Ckgeitftanb bi$ 9.^ on tag ben 1 Suit aufjufcfeteben, gleid)jetttg tvurbe cine 
Committee ernamtt, ettte declaration ju ntaefeen, rote fie ber befagte ©e= 
fcfelu§ bpftimntte; auf biefc SBeife verlor man feme 3cit falls ber Cottgrej) 
feine ©eiftimmung gefee.tt fotlte. ^rdfibent Jjancock jeigtc am udefeften 
Cage ait, ba§ bas (Committee auS gplgeube.it befteben fotle: {E-feontas 
Jcffecl'oit von ©irgtnia, Jofett dVbants von 9)£affacfeuiettS, Benjamin frank¬ 
lin von ^ennfplvanta, Bogcr JSfecrtnatt von Connecticut uub Robert B. 
Bioittgllon voit 97em = gjorf. 51 nt udefeften Cage tvurbe etn Committee 
ernannt, Jo|tat) B.trlcit von 5iero |>ampfcire, ©orfi^enber, bie 5trt von 
©unb. ben bie Colontett btibett foileta ju uberlegen unb vor^uberetieit; auefe 
citte Committee, Jofett Didiinfon von f)e.itnft)lvama, ©orfigenber, urn eineit 
^.ait von ©er.rdgen ju maefeett, bie fremben 2)?dcfeten vorgefcfelagen tverbeit 
foUteit, 

die ©efcfeitiffe Pon %rtfe Carolina into ©irgittia tvaren Slnfeuerungett 
ju dbultcfecn wf)gitblungen in anberen Colontett. die ©erfammlung von 
Connecticut ant 1 1 . 3unt inftruirte ibre delegaten tnt Congrefj ju C5unfteu 
von Unabfedngigfeit, ©unbni§ unb frentber 5ltlianj. 

57etv £>ampft)ire ftimmte am 15. 3uni ju ©untlen ber Crflarung ber 
bretjefen vereinigten Colontett al5 frete uub uttabbattgige ©taateit; fie ver= 
feurgteu fiefe, bad3i 1 ^ tferett flefeett unb ©ermbgctt ju unterftut^en. 

s ^etv*3erfet) tvdfelte iteutt delegatcn itt ber 5)roPtnjial ©erfammlung vont 
21. 3unt uub inftruirte fie folgenberutapett; „©3cuu ^te ed uotfeig unb 


8 


35 a t> e 9ft e c u m. 


jtyecfmaptg fatten, fo geben tofr 3Pnen 35oflmacpt, bie yereintgten dolonten 
gemeinfepafttieb mtt ben anberen fret unb unabpdngtg yon dfrep-33ritanten .• 
ju crfldreu tc." 

Tie ©erfammlung yon Pennfplyanta am 14.3unt, gab t^ren ITeTegaten 
tm dongrep, bie yon ber 3Scrfammlnng gemablt tyorben tyaren, folcpe 3n- 
ftructionen, bie ffton-dommittal genannt tyerben fomtten. ( ©te^ tyaren 
autporiftrt bcit anberen Delcgaten beijuftimmen, folcpe Ueberetnfunfte unter 
ben yeretitigten dolottien ju maepen, folcpe ©enrage jtutfd)en fremben 
9J?dcp&n unb ben ©taaten ju fcpltepen, unb fold) anbere 9>?apregeltt ju 
ergreifen, tyte fie fie fur itbtbig fallen, urn bte Jreipeit, ©ieperpeit unb bte 
3ntereffen yon Slmertfa ju fiepern :c. <£>epr yerfepieben tyar bte ©praepe 
ber fProyinjial 33erfammlung, tyelcpe am 24. 3unt tit ^3t)ilabelpt)ta jufam- 
mentrat. 3u it>rer drfldruitg flagten fie 5lontg 63corg ben Written an, bte 
^rindpien ber brittfepen donftttutton iibertretcn ju b bcit; fotyte aud) nocb 
tyegett anberen Ung-eiecptigteiten unb ©efcpiyerbcu gegen bad amemfaittfcpe 
©oil, tyeldje bad fParlament gebilltgt bjatic; bie ©elegatcn fpraepen baper 
folgenbermapen : SCir erfldren einfttmmig urn unfer felbft iyiUen unb mtt 
ber ©iUigung unb ber Slutoritdt uttferer ftonftttuenten, frettytllig tm doit- 
grep fur bie f^reibeit unb Unabpangigfeit ber yereintgten dolonten ju 
ftintmen. 

Delatyare gebrauibtc am 14. 3unt, am felben £age an bent fpennfvl- 
yania ibre £elegaten infhutrte, biefclbe ©praepe. 

3n 33ctrcff ber ©eifttntmung ju etner UnabpdngigfeitderHdrung fdjeint 
ed baber, bap anfaitgd 3ult nur fitnf ©taaten — fftortp darolina, ©tr- 
ginia, fftety=.pampfptre, 9iety=3erfep unb s pennfblyanta — tpre 3 u f^ m=: 
mung ju ber duperften 9ftapregel gegeben fatten. 

Sint 28. 3uni erftattete 3efferfon’^ dommittce etnen ©eriept bed planed 
jit etner Unabpdngtgfeitdcrfldrung. (Sr tyurbe gelefen unb auf ben Xtfcp 
gelcgt. Sint 1. 3ult jog ber donmp, bent urfprunglicpen Sluffcpubdent- 
icplup aemap, Wtcpurb i^citrp ifec’s Unabpdngigfeitdbefdduffe tnt dom= 
mittee oont ©anjen jur ©etraeptung. "Ter ©orfeplag, tm Committee yom 
dfanjeit, ben ©efd)liiffeit beijuftimmen unb fie bent dongrep jur befiititiyen 
dmfcpeibuitg jit beridjten, nutrbe bttreb folgenbe ^ttmmenmeprpett befttmmt: 
9iety=£ampf[)ire, Sftaffacpufcttd, (Somtecticut, 9tpobe 3dl^rtb, fftety=3erfep, 
•Iftarplanb, ©irgtnia, fftortp daroliita_ tilth dfeorgta ftintmten ju (S3unften 
bed ©orfcplagd; pennfp:yanta unb ^outb Saroltna bagegett; Delaware 
ftimmte nict;t mtt, rneil tbre antyefenben jmet 2)elegaten gleicbmapig yer- 
tbcilt tyaren; Siety-gjorf ttiebt, tnctl bte Unabbdngtgfettdfrage_ attper bem 
33ereid) itjrcr 3nftructtonen tyar. 0o rnurben bte 33efd)lupe burep bte 
^tintmett ber neutt (Solontcn bent (Songrep jur bepntdyen (Sntf^eibung 
ubergebett. Slid bte ©tintmen tm dongrep genommeit merben follten, bat 
Oiutlebge yon ©outp Carolina urn einen Sluffcpub bid junt nadjften ©ag, 
bcit 2.3nlt, inbem er f>offte, bap feine ibollegett yon fener dolonte bid babin 
junt ©tintmen bereit feitt tonuten. X)ie ©5abt tyurbe baper aufgefd)obett. 
(431cid)jcitig _ patten fidp bte Umftanbe, tuelcpe bte dtnftimmigfeit tnt (font- 
mtttee yerpinbert, jtytfcpen ber SBapl tm dommittee yom ©anjett, ant 1. 
3ult, unb ber ©erfantmluug bed dongreffed, am 2. 3ult, fepr yeidnbert. 

©on ben ncun yon Pmnfylyanta eruattnten Telegatcn tyaren tm dom- 
nttttce yom dfanjett ant 1. 3uli, nur fteben amuefettb. dbtyarb ©tbble 
tyar franf, unb Slnbrety dtlen patte ficp ben ©ritett angefcplojfen ober beab- 


33 a be 9ft e cunt. 


9 


fidfttgte, eg ju tlfun. 33ott bett ubrtgen Delegaten fttmmten 3ofm Dicfttt* 
fon, Robert 9ftorrtg, Sbarleg ^umpfjrepg unb Xfyontag filling gcgcn ben 
33orfcf)lag, bte 23efd)liiffe 9ee’g bent Songreff gu refertren. Senfanttn 
Branfliit, 3obn 9ft or ton unb 3am eg ©ilfon ftimmten bafiir. So wurbe 
tie ©timme bon 'Pennfploania burcl) 9ftajoritdt oon ettter berlornt. ©outf) 
(Carolina fttmmte cinftimmig bagegen. Delaware wdtdte, wic gefagr, gar 
n t d> t, ba 9fte$ean fur ben 33eid)lu§, ft cab bagegen unb ftobnep abwcfettb 
toar. 2lnt 2. 3n.t war bag oeranbrt. ftobnep bon Delaware fam unb 
ftimmte fur bte Unabtjdngigfeitg = sBefdfjluffe; ber ©taat wurbe baber alg 
ifynen giittfttg reterirt. ©outf) Carolina ditberte tpre ©at)l unb erfldrte 
fid) einftimmig fiir ben 33efd)lu§. 9-^nnfplbanta entfcfjteb ftcl) fur bett 
23efcf)lujj, tttcfd buret) ftfajoritdt tprer Delegaten, fonbern burd) 9fta)'orttdt 
ber 2lnwefenben. 3obit Dtcftnfon uns ftobert 9ftorrtg itabmcn tpre 
S P due am 2. 3ult nid)t cut, unb eg blteben bee>t>a(b nur nod) funf ftepra- 
icntanten. Dret, Branflin, ftiorton unb ©ilfon fttmmten fiir ben 33c* 
fddufj, unb fDumpprepg. unb ©tiling bagegen ; fo wurbe ^ennfploanta burd) 
eitt Drittel tt>rer Delegaten gu (Sfunften beg 23efd)luj[eg referirt. 21 fo 
wurbe am 2. 3ult 177(5 ber 23efcplup, bte 23ete nigten Solonten gu fret’en 
uttb unabpdngtgen ©taaten gu erflaren, burd) Sinfttmmtgfett toon gwb f 
Solonten, ba ftew=|Jorf nod) gu wdldett ablebnte, angenommen. ©ag bie 
Slbjtcpten ber 9ftttglieber Waren tn 33etre)f ber ©ultigfcit ber©apl, falls eg 
nur cine eiitntcbe ftiaforitdt, g 33. fieben ©taaten gewefen ware — wet§ 
man niept. 3obenfalls erwarteten fie bie 33eiftinmung ber gangen breigeptt 
©taaten. ©te patten ant 1. 3ult neutt ©taaten im Committee Pont 
©attgen unb elf am 2., ober gwblf mit ^ennfploania’g gweifelpaf er ©apl, 
bte mit einer 9ftinoritat burdtgefuprt wurbe. 

ftad) ber 2lnnapnte pon ftee’g 33efd)lup am 2., beratpete wan fief) am 9. 
unb 4. pinfieptltd) ber Bonn ber Srfldrung, unb wurbe ettblid) nacp genauer 
33erbe(ferung an lefgterem £agc angenommen - . Dag ftefu tat ber ©at)l 
war ba||elbe wte bag am 2.; gwo f Solonien fttmmten gu ©unften unb ftew 
gjorf oerweigerte tpre ©timme. Die ©timme Pott s pennn)loania wurbe 
gerabe wie am 2. burdpgefitprt, bret aegett gwei; ftiorrig, Dtcftnfon, 33tbble 
unb ftllen waren abwcienb. Der ©taat ftew*3)orf befcplofi bei ber 3uiant* 
menfunft pom 9. 3ult gu ©ptte fining, ben Unabpangigfcitg * 33ejcpluffen 
betjuftimmen, unb it)reu De egaten im Songre§ 33ollmacbt ju gcbeit, aUe 
uotbtgen 9ftapregcln ju oerabrebett uno ju ergretfen k. jc., weldje bamit 
oerbunben [tub. 2lug btefent ©rnnbe nannte man bte Srfldrung, alg fie 
am 6. 3uli juerft in Dunlap’s Packet oerbffentltcfd wurbe, ,,etne ©rfld= 
rung oon bett tnt Sottgrep oerfammeiten fteprafentanten ber 33erctnigtett 
©taaten oon 2lmerifa. </ 

2lm 19. 3uli, oter Xage ttad)bent bie Sefcf)luffe ftew = gjorf’s? bent Son* 
greffe oorgelegt worben wareiu befdl)lo§ man, baff bte am 4. 3ult oottrte 
Srflirung mtt fcftoiter grower ecbrtft attf 93ergament aufgejeidmet werbe, 
mit bent jttel unb ^tpl ber ^einfttmmigen Srflarung ber breijetjn 33erci* 
nigten ©taaten oon 2lmertfa /y , unb ba§ baffelbe, wenn fo aufgejeidptet, oott 
febent 'Jftttglieb beg Songreffeg uuter[d)rieben werbe. 

Sin wt’dgtiger 3n*tbum tft betnalge l)unbert 3«l)re lattg bi^fidgllid) btefeg 
Docuntentg beftatigt worben, burc^ bte 2lrt, auf weld)e eg in bent Songrep* 
3ournale gebrueft worben ift. 2Iitfing unb Dunlap’g £>erauggabe ber 
Songre§*3ournale, gebrueft ttt 1778, fagt tn ttjrer 33enterfung pom 4. 

1* 


10 


33 a t> c $fl c c u m. 


Suit: „ 9 ?nd>bcrn bte Srflarung gelcfen tsorben tsar, Befd^To§ matt gemetn- 
fd?a tltd) ftolgenbeg." 2Iuf biefeg folgt bcr Snbalt bcr Gprtldntng unb bte 
ilutcrfdjrtftcn sort funf ltttb fitttfttg 9 ieprdfentanten; bcr 9?ame son Xfyo* 
mag Weftean son Xelatsare, bcr unjtseifelbaft untfrfdmcben bat. unb bcr 
ben fecbg unb flhtfjt often Unter^etdmer tit a d) t, tsar ganj auggelaffen. _ Die 
Unterfebriften pt b efer @opte bcr (Srfldrung ftttb ntebt unb fintnen btefclbett 
ntd)t getsefen jetn, bte am 4. Suit 1 776 unterjelcbnet tsorben [tub, tsentt 
uberbaust an jenem Xage etne (Srflarung mtterjeidmct tsorben 0 % benn act)t 
bason finb son $erfonen, bte jtt ber Sett Fetne £ongrefi= 5 )?ttglteber tsareit. 
Xte som 2. Sluguft mtt fdtbncr Scbrtft aufgejetcFmete Sopte unb bte baju 
gebbrtgen Unterfebriften lug junt ober naejj bent 4. fftosember, tste fte tit 
Xunlap’g Sournalen scrbffentltdrt tsorben [tub, ftttb bte ber urfprungltcben 
Unterjetdmer som 4. Suit. Xtefer Srftbum bat fpater stel Sonfufton 
utttcr ©efdjtdftgfdjretbern, btnftdttltd) biefeg ^unfteg, serurfaeftt. 3 £cnn, 
tste Sefterfon [apt, bte (Srfldrung am 4. Suit son fcbctit antseicnben 9Jfit= 
glteb unterjeiebnet tsorben tft, tft eg aitffallcnb, baft bte9?atnen ntebt gletdj* 
jcittg mtt ber Gtopte beg Xocumentg scrojfentlidtt tsorben ftttb. @g beftn* 
ben fid) fonft Fetne Barnett attf ben offtctellcn Sopten, tsclcbe som (Songrcft 
auggefanbt ober attf beffett Drbre tn Setfungen serbffentltcbt tsttrbett, auper 
Ssbn «£>attcocF, ^rdftbent, unb Sltarlcg Xbompfott, Secretar. 

golgettben Slugjug ber tin Ctongrep 311 <3)unften sott 2ee’g 3?efcbluffcn unb 
bcr (Srflarung genommenen (Stimmen, fo tste and) bte refpeettsen 3litfid)tcn 
ber •’Ui'ttgltcber ju ber 3 C ^ unb filter, tserben Sntcreffe erregen. 

Jllitglietier tics Caitgre(]fe 9 am 4 . Jfnlt, 1776. 

9?cts £ampff)tre ernannte am 29. gebruar, 1776, William fj Wljipplc, 
Joint fattgbon, Joftab Bartlett. 

9)?affacbufcttg, am 9. Sebruar, 1776, Joint Bancock, Samuel Jlbants, 
Joint Jlbams, Bobert threat Patne, ©Ibribge ©etrp. 

(Sonnccticut, am 16. Sanuar, 1776, Boger ^bermatt, ©liner Wolcott, 
Samuel ipuntingbon, ©ittts fjosmer, William W.Uiams. 

9iets=2JorF, am 11. $?at, 1776, Philip finingfton, James jPuaite, Joint 
Jllfop, William i r lot;b, feints itlorris, Joint Jap, ifjcnrn Wisrnr, ppitip 
<$d)ttpler, ©eorge ©linton, frauds f cutis, Bobert B. f iningllott, jr. 

97ets=Scrfep, am 28. Sunt, 1776, Bicbarb ^Snocktott, Jtbraljam ©lark, 
Joint fjart, frauds ipopkiitfott, Pr. Jol)tt Ulitbcrfpoon. 

5)enttfplsanta, am 3. 9?osember, 1775, Jobtt illorton, Joint iDiekinfott, 
Bobcrt illorris, Benjamin franklin, ©burtes i)untpbrcps, ©btnarb BibMe, 
tUbontas Willing, Sub rots SUl it, James Wilfon. 

Xtc ilitlereit Sountteg am Xelatsare, am 11. 91tat, 1775, ©aefar Bob- 
ttep, ©bamas illci^ean, ©eorge Bcab. 

OJiarslanb, am 15. (September, 1775, Jttattbctn '©ilgbant, ^botnas 
Jobnfott, jr., Bobert ©olbsborottgb, BiliUian para, €l)omas ^’tone, Jol)tt 
^all. 

33trgtnta, am 13. (September, 1775, Btdjarb $cn rp fee, ®bomas Jef- 
ferfon, Benjamin ijarrifon, Hbfuut 5 Belfon, ©corge Blptbe, iFrattcts 
figbtfoot fee; am 23. Sebtuar, 1776, ©arter Brarton. 

Xte 2egtglatur son JCtrgtnta patte am 30. Sunt etne tteue 2SaI)I seratt- 
ftaltet, bte (Serttftcate tsurben jebocl) erft am 28. Sluguft uberretdtt. 


a be W count. 


11 


2?orth Carolina, ant 11. Wat, 1775, BDiUiatn ijooper, 3nfepI) Bcrmes; 
cimJB. October, John Penn. 

^outt) Carolina, am 24. 2Iprtl, 1776, Thomas iftjnd), Sc bn Butleboe, 
Cbmarb BuUcbge, Arthur iBibMetott, djonuts ^.proarb, jr., Cbotmts 
iTpnd), jr. 

Cieorgta, am 20. Wat, 1776, Human ijjall, Button Cminnct, Jtrdjibalb 
Bulloch, John |lan, Ceorge BDalton. 

9it)obe Jblanb, am 14. Wat, 1776, -Stephen ijogkins, BDnt. CUert). 

-fttitgUebcr lies Congreves am 4. Jluli, meld)e bie Crklarung 

nid)t untrr 3 eid)n*t l)aben: 

9tcm £>ampfhire, John jfangbon. 

Connecticut, Citus ^ofmer. 

9?em=§Jorf, James Btuinc, John JUfop, John Jut), ijfnn) Bflistter, (Dcorge 
Clinton, Bob rt B ITiiiingllon, jr., Philip <$d)Ut)ter. 

'Pennf^Ioanta, John Bichittfon, Charles Bumphrcps, Cbtnarb Bibble, 
Cljontas Wiling, JUtbrem 5Ulen. 

Wan/lattb, iBatthem dlgham, djotnas Johnlbn, jr., Bobert Colbs- 
borough, John Ball. 

South Carolina, John Butlebjir, Thomas Bnttdi, fr. 

Ctntge oon biefen batten gute ©ritnbe. 2angbon, oon 9tem=$ampfhire, 
mar am 25. jTtnt jum $rifen*9lgent pott fener Colonte ernannt merben, 
tittb mar mabrfd^einltch nici)t tnehr im Congrefj anmefettb. £obmer, ooit 
Connecticut, ubernabm btc gunFttoncn eineb 2Inberen tit bejTctt Slbmefeit* 
heft, bitrfte baher bet 3lnmcfenheit fet'ttcb 3)rtn$ipald nicht maiden. Oie 
'£ elegaten oon 9h'm=g|orf glaubten nicht bad S'iecht ptm Sttmnten ju 
baben, ba man fie nicht in ber Sejtehung inftruirt batte. 'Nibble, oott 
Wnnfploanta, mar uttmobl; Otcfinfon, #untpbrepd uttb ^Billing marett 
gegett Unabbaitgtgfett. 5lllen batte fid) megen bem rafdjen 3?orfdtreften ber 
Slngelegenhetten beitnrubtgt uttb mar gegett Unabba'ngtgfeit; erftetlte ftcb tut 
''December 1776 unter ben Scbutj beb (General fmme. Ciolbbborough uttb 
£a((, oott Warplanb, murbett am 18. Suit au§er Dicnft gefefct, uttb batten 
baber feitte Cklcgenhctt, bte Crflantttg am 2. 5luguft ju uitterjetcbnen. 
Otlgham unb Jobnfott murben mieber gema'hlt; marum fie bte Crfldrung 
nicht unterfdmeben baben, mct§ man niebt. Jbotnad £tmcb, [r., toott 
South Carolina, mar front. John Jtut'ebge, Pont felbett Staat, mar ju 
#aufe aid Witgltcb bed Sfaatdcomeentd, unt cine Staatdoerfaffung ttorjtt- 
bereiten. 9lrd)tbalb 2?ul(ocf, oott Georgia, funettontrte aid ^rafibent in 
feinem Staate unb mar nicht in Phdabelphia* 

cfltitglieber ties Congrelfcs, Btc gegett tint £3efd)lu|j unt) Bic 
Unabljangtghctteerkiarung fiimmten, bio Crklaruttg 
alter fpiiter Bad) unter 3 eid)neten: 

^enttfpboam'a, Bobert iBorris. 

Dte unteren Counties am Oelamare, ©corgc Beat*. 

Utnter 3 et*d)ner ber ©rklarmtg, Btc nid)t Jltitglieber bea Can* 
grcflTea marett, a Is fie angenommen murbe: 
9?em*$atnpfhtre, iBatthem dmrnton, jugelaffen ant 4. ^?ooentber, 1776. 
spennfploanta, JOr. Benjamin Bufh, Coi. Ceorge Be hi Ceorge Cltjttter, 
Col. James £mith, Ceorge Haplor, jugelaffen am 20. 3ult, 1776, 


55 a be 9ft e cunt. 


12 


9ftarplattb, Charles Carroll non Carrollton, Samuel Cljafe, juritdge* 
fontnteit am 18. Suit, 1776. 

Die Unabbdngigfeitderfldrung mar non 3effet*fon entmorfen ttnb non 
dfranFItn unb ftbantd gepriiftunb letcXtt gea'nbert. Ste mttrbenon Sefferfon 
tnt erffen ^numer bed jmetten ^toefed tnt £>aufe non Sacob ©raff, fltb= 
mcftlicbe Scfe ber 7. unb 9ftarFct Strape, melcbcd nod) ge(d)riebctt. 
Sefferfon mar etn'^oftganger tit jencm £aufe unb 3tmmer, true er felbft tit 
einent 53rtefe, nont 16. (September, 1825, an Dr. Santee 9fteafe, ermdbitt. 

Der Songrep naffm bie Srfldrung in gebetmer Strung an. 9ftan 
mupte am 4. fd)on, bap ber 23efd)lup non lice am 2. angenomnten morbeit 
mar. Die Srflarung mar etnfacp einc 9lngabe ber ©ritnbe, bie bad Dttvd)* 
geben bed 53eicbluffed nerurfadden ; ftecldfcrttgung cincr fdmtt nollbradjten 
$attblung. Sd mar bedpalb menig Slufregung tn (Pbtlabelpbta al^ bie 
Srfldrung angenomnten rnurbe. Der Sbarafter ber (SrFlarung murbe and) 
erft *mei Sage fpa'ter befannt gentadff, aid ftc in Duntap’d 3 e,tun 3 i>erbf= 
fcntlid;t murbe. 2lm 5. Suli fdndte ber Sottgrep alien 33er|ammlungen, 
^onnenten unb Siebcrbcitdrdtben ber nerfd)tebennt Staaten cut ftunb= 
febreiben ju, tn bent cr bte bffentltdte 33cfanntmadnmg ber Unabbanatg* 
Feitderfldrung ncrlangte. Dtefer Drbre murbe allgemetn Solge geleiftct. 
Sn (Pfulabelpbta murbe bte Srfldruttg bent 5*olfc jucrft am 9ft on tag ben 
8. Suit burcb Sobn ft iron, im £>of bed Staatdgebaubed, non, einent £jbfer= 
natortum and, meldied non ber ftntertfattifd;* ^bilnfopbifdKU ©efellfcbaft 
im Sabre 1769 erridttet morben mar, urn ben Durdjgang ber 95enttd itber 
bie Sonne ju betraebten, gelefcn. ft iron mar etit 9ftitglieb bed ^td)er= 
beitdratbed unb lad bte Srfldrung, anftatt bap ed ber Sheriff bed Sound) 
that, ber uvfpriinglicb barum gcbetcit morben mar. 91m ftadmttttage murbe 
bie Srfldnutg ben fitttf 33ataillonen “Associators on the commons” 
norgelefett. Dad SBappen bed Stbnigd itber ber Sbitr bed 0bcrgcrid)td- 
jimmerd im Staatdgebaube murbe non einent ju bent Specie ernannteit 
Sommittee beruntergeriffen. 5lnt 91bettb murbe ed, unter ben ftreubenrufen 
etner gropen ftienge 3ufd;auer, nevbrannt. ffreubenfeuer mttrbett ange= 
brannt, ©loefen geldutet. 53on ben lectern Itepen (id; bte Sd;ldge ber alien 
Staatdbaudglorfe am beutltd'ften bttrd; bte Stabt nernebmen^ meldte pier 
unb jmanjig Subee norber gegoffen morben mar unb auf ber Seite fo!gcn= 
bed propbetiid;e unb benterfendmertbe 9ftotto tragt: „9$crFunbe greibeit 
burcb bad ganje 2anb, alien Sinmobnern beffelben." 


&ie Unnbl)rtit^t^ctt§crffrtnnt^. 

ffolgenbed iff ber Snbalt ber (Srfldrung, bie (eber gute 5lmcrtFaner Fettnen 
(ollte: 

„2£entt im 53erlattf menfdiltdter Sretgttiffe ed fitr etn 95olf notbmenbig 
mirb, bie politiidicn 93attbe, meld;e ed mit etnent anbent 23olfe nerbanben, 
$u Ibiett unb unter ben 9ftad)ten ber Srbe bie geionberte unb ebenburtige 
alette etttjuttebmen, ju meld;er bie ©efe£e ber ftatur unb bed ©ottrd ber 
ftatur ed bered;tigcn, (o erforbert ed bte gcjtemenbe 9lcbtung fitr bad Urtbetl 
ber ftienfebbeit, bap ed bte Ur fatten funbgebcn (ollte, melcpe ed jur Dren- 
itung aittretbcn. 

SBtr ballen folgenbe 2Bal>rb)ettcn fitr unumffbplicb t — Dap aUe 9ften- 
(cbett gleicp gefdtaffen (inb; bap (ie non tbrem Sd;bpfer mit gemtffen uttner= 



33 a l) e 9ftecum. 


13 


duperlictyenJJJectytcn au^geflattet ftnb; bap $u btcfcit 9? e tty ten ?eben, ffreityeit 
unb bab ©trcben natty ©littffeligfeit getybrett; baff, urn btcfe Dicctyte $u 
fictycnt, unter ben fJJiettfctyen fliegterungett eingcfetyt tverben, bercn gerectyte 
©etvaiten von bcr 3uftimntung bcr jRegterteit tyerftammen; bap tvenn 
tinnier eine ^egterungbfornt batytn fittyrt, bap fie biefe 3tvetfe jcrftbrt, cb 
bab 9icd)t beb 33olftb ift, btefelbe $u aubem obcr ab,;ufetyatren, nnb etne 
neue ^egieruitg etnjufefccn, beren ftunbanient auf folctye ©runbfa'tye ju 
Icgcit, nnb ityre 5D?acty>tbefugntffe tit folctyer SEeife ju organiftren, alb tb bab 
3>olf ant geignetftcn halt, nnt feme ©ictyertyeit uitb fetn ©litcf tyerbciju- 
futyren. jblugtycit gebietet in ber Xtyat, bap lattge beftetyenbe SfJegterungett 
nictyt tvegcit itnbebeutenbeti ober vcrubergetyenbeit Ur fa den gcanbert tncrbeit 
follten ; unb in Uebereinfttmntung bamtt bat aUe Srfatyrung gcjeigt, bap bie 
9}fenfctyett ntetyr geueigt ftnb, ju (eibett, fo lattge bie Hebei ertrdgltd) finb, 
alb fitty SJtectyt ju »erfd>affett burcty 23ernictytung" ber gormeit, an tveldte fte 
gctvbtynt finb. 3lber tvenn eine lattge JNcitye bon flfttpbrductyen uttb llfur- 
pationeit, bie unabditberltcty baffelbe 3ici bejtvecfen, bie Sibfictyt barttynit, etn 
23olf unter abfoluten iDefpotibmub jit bringen, fo ift cb ebcnfo fetn iNectyt, 
tvic eb feme fPflidd ift, cine folctye ^egicrnttg abjutrerfen unb fitr neue 
©d; utytvetyrett fetner funfttgen (Sictyertyeit (Sorge jit trageit. 0o!d;er 2lrt 
roar bab gebulbtge £eiben biefer Solonien, uttb"folder 2lrt ift fetyt bie 9?otty= 
tvenbigfeit, tveltbc fie jtvingt, ityr friityereb fHegierungbfpftem ju dnberit. 
£ic ©efctyictyte beb gegentvdrttgen JTbtttgb von G5rop ='-bmtanien tft etne 
©efttytctyte tviebertyolter Unbtlben unb Ufurpationen, bie aUe ben btreften 
3tverf tyabett, eine abfolute Xtyranttei fiber btefe Staatcn ju erricbten* Um 
btcb ju betvetfen, mogctt foigcube Htyatfactyett einer unpartettfttyen SBelt 
Vorgelcgt tvcrbett: 

(Sr tyatte feme 3 u fd’ m ntuttg ju ©efctyen vcrtveigcrt, tvclctye ant nteipett 
forberltcty uttb nottytvenbtg fitr bab offentltctye SBotyl toaren. 

Sr tyat feittett ©overnorb vcrbotcn, ©efetje von augenblttfltd;er unb 
bringenber $3td)tigfcit jit pafftrcn, tocitn btefelben nictyt tit ityrcr tSBirffamfeit 
fo langc fufpenbtrt tvurbett, bib feme ©enetytnigung erlangt ift; unb toenn 
fie fo fufpenbtrt toaren, tyat er gaitj nub gar vcrfetylt, itynen irgettb loelctye 
Slufmerffamfcit ju tv ib me it. 

Sr tyat cb vertveigert, anberc (Sjcfctye fitr ben fJlutycn groper Oiftri te beb 
l*anbeb jit pafftreit, tveitn bie 23evbiferung beffelben nictyt auf bab 3lcd;t ber 
^ieprdfentation in ber.fiegiblatur $er$ictyt leifte— etn 9fectyt, tveldjeb fitr fie 
uttfetyatybar unb nttr fitr Xprattiten furd)tbar ift. 

Sr tyat bie gefcfcgebcnben Stbr crfdjaftcit an ungembtyttlicben unb uttbe- 
quenteit 'Pldneit ju fa mitten berufett, fern von ben Often, an bettett ttyre 
bffentlictym Urfunben bepoittrt finb, unb bab mit ber einjigett Slbftctyt, fie 
bttrd) Srmubung batytn tu bringen, tap fie ftety tit fetne 5)?aprcgeln fiigett. 

Sr tyat tut'etertyclt bte 9feprdfentantentydufer aufgelbft, tvetl fie mit maun- 
lictycr ffeftigfeit ben Stngrtffen in bie S^ectyte beb 33o.feb SBtberftano ent- 
gegenfcnteit. 

Sr tyat lange 3 C ^ natty folctyen Sluflbfungett pety gctvetgert, anbereffieprd- 
fentanten tvatylenju laffen, tvobttrcty bie gefetygebettbe ©etvalt, tvclctye md)t 
getilgt tverbett taint, an bab 3$oU jur Slubiibuttg juritdgefailat ift; bcr 
©taat blicb in bcr 3tvtfd)enjett alien ©efatyrett einer 3nvafiott von 3lupen 
ober Uttrutyen tm 3nttern aubgefetyt. 

Sr tyat fid; beftrebt, bie Slnfieblung biefer ©taaten ju vertytnberu, inbent 


u 


55 a be $iecum. 


er btetSefettc fur bte fftaturalifatton you $remben ftcb tuetgerte, 

anbere ©efefte jitr Srtnutbtgung ber Stnluanberung nad) btefent Dattbe ju 
^afftrcrt unb bt'e 23ebtngungen fur neue £anbbetntlttgungen crfcbtrcrte. 

Sr but bte Steredjtigfettdpflege gebemntt, intern er ©efepen fur Srrtd)* 
tung son rtcbferltdier ($ett>a!t feme 3ufttmmung ycrtrctgerte. 

Sr bat bte SRidjtcr, tit 23ejug auf tfjre 2lmtdbauer, unb bert 23ctrug unb 
bte 3ub'img tbrcr Sfebulte, alletn yon fetnem 2DiKen abbdngtg gcmadjt. 

Sr but eine 2J?enge neucr 2lemter ctngertd)tet, unb Scbiyarme yon 
23eamten btebergcfcbtcft, um unfer 2Solf ju plagen unb feitt s D?arf ju ter* 
jebrett. 

Sr but unter und tn ffriebendtetten flcbjenbe Slrmeen gebulten, oftne ©e* 
rtebmtguttg unferer Degtdlaturen. 

Sr bat bantncb gcftrcbt, bad DMitar unubbdngtg you ber Styt(=S5etuult 
$u ntacben, um ed uber btefelbe ju fteltcn* 

Sr but mtt 2lnbern ftcb yerbunben, und enter ®ertd)tdbarfeit ju unter* 
tycrfen, tyelcbe unferer Sonftitutton fremb, uttb yon itttferen (Mefeigett ntcbt 
anerfannt tft, tnbem er feme 3ujHmmung ju tbrcit 2lftcn enter yorgebltdjen 
©efebgebung gab: — 

ftitr Sinquartirung grower bewaffnetcr Jruppcnforpcr unter und. 

ffur 23cfd)ut3ung berfclben bttrd) etnen Scbetn^rojefi yor Strafe, tyegett 
trgettb tneld)er 2ftorbtbaten, tyelcbe fte an ben Stniuobnern bte,er Staatcn 
begeben folltcn. 

Um unferen £unbet mtt alien ^betlen ber 2DcIt a&jufdjnetbcn* 

Um obne unferc 3ufttmntung und Xarcn aufjtterlegen. 

Um und in ytelett fallen ber 2Dobltbutcn ber ^rojcfftrttng bttrd) SJe* 
fdnoorcne jit beraubeit. 

Um und ttbcr bad 2)?eer ju trandportircn, bamit ttrir lyegen yorgcblicber 
25ergeben projcfftrt irerben. 

Um bad fre e engltfcbc Sjefebfpftem tn enter benacbbartcit ^roytitj abju* 
fcbaffen, bort eine 2BtKfur±£>errfcbaft einjufitbren, unb tbre ©renjen fo 
audjubebnett, baft fte ebenfo citt 23eifptel, rote etn paffettbed 2£erf$eug irtrb, 
um btefelbe abfolute fberrfdmft tn btefcn Solontett einjufubrctt. 

Um unfere ffretbrtcfe toegjuncbmctt; unferc tuertbyoKften ©efefce abju* 
fcbaffen unb bte fformen unferer SRegterung yon ®runb and tu dnbern. 

Um unfere Degtdlaturen ju fufpenbiren, unb um nu erflctren, ba§ fte 
felbft mtt ber SJetoalt befleibet ftttb, tn alien gallon ©cfetje fur uitd ju er* 
laffett. 

Sr but fetite fftegterung bier aufgegeben, tnbent er und aufjerbulb feitted 
SdmKed erf (arte, unb ftrteg gegeit und fiibrte. 

Sr but auf unferen Seen gcplunbert, unferc 5luftcn yerlnuftet, unfere 
Stable ntcbergebrannt unb 92?enfd)enleben jerftbrt. 

Sr fenbet ju jefttger 3ett grofte Slrmeen frentbrr Sblblinge, um bad 
berettd begonnene JQerf bed Jobed, ber 2>ertyuftitng unb ber Xorattnet mtt 
enter (55rau''amfctt unb ^erftbte ju yotlenbcn, meldte tit barbartfeben 3‘tten 
faum tbred (5)letcbcn butte, unb bed Dberbuupted etner ctytliftrten station 
bitrdjaud uniyitrbtg tft 

Sr but unfere, auf bob?* ,® ee gefuttgen gettommenen 2JZttburger gc* 
niyungett, bte SBaffen gegen tbr etgened Daub ju fubrnt, um bte Renter 
tbrer grettnbe unb 23rttber ju tyerben, ober yon tbren ^dnbett felbft fatten. 

Sr but tnnere 2lufftunbe unter und erregt, unb bunadt geftrebt, auf 


55 a b e 9ft ec urn. 


; 


15 


mtfere (Strtftofmer fit ben ©renjbtfiriFten bte erbarmungdlofen ittbtanifcbett 
SPtlben ju bf&cn, beren bcfannte Krtegdregel tn 3 er f t ^ run <; / ofyne fKucfftdtt 
auf filter, (V»efcblcd)t ober Umftanbe trgcnb tycldtcr 9lrt, bcftebt. 

3n febem Stabium btefcr 23ebrutfunaen babcn tytr tn ben bcmutbt^fi'cn 
Sludbrittfen urn Stt'bulfe gebeten; unfere 53tttcn [tub nnr rntt triebcrboltnt 
Unbtlben b.antwortet tyorben. (Sin ter fo burcb jebe ftanblung ft'd) 
aid £prann befuntet, tft unfdbtg, ber Jftcgent etned freten ICoIFedju fetn. 

2lucb baben tytr ed ntcb r an 2lufmerffamfett gecten unfere britifeben 23ru* 
ber feblett laffen. 2LMr babcit fie yon 3 c ^b ut 3eit gegert bte 23erfitdte ibrer 
^egidlatitr gejyarnt, cine unbegrunbete Suridbictton uber und au?juubett. 
2Btr baben tbitett bie Umftanbe urtferer Sludwanberung itnb unferer 5ltt- 
fiebetung bierfelbft in (Srtnnerung gebradit. 2S3ir baben an tbre angeborene 
©erccbttgfeitdliebe uitb ©rofjntutb appetlirt unb tyir baben fie bet ben 23an* 
ben unferer 23ertyanbtfcbaft befduyorcit, fene Ufnrpau'ottcn nit ytrtyerfeit, 
trelcbc unyermetbbar unfere 23erbtnbungen unb 33entebungen unterbredben 
triirben. ^ie ftnb 'ebenfalld taub getyefett gegen bie Stiinme ber ®crecb = 
tigfeit unb ber 23crtyanbtfd)aft. 2Bt’r ntu\fen und baber tn bte 9?otbtyen= 
bigfett unferer Xrennuttg fitgen, unb fie, tyic atte anberen flfationen, aid 
Betttbe tnt Krtege — tm griebett aid greunbe attfeben. 

2£ir, bte ^teprdfentanten ber 25erctnigten Staatcn yon Slmertfa, tnt altge* 
ntcttien (Sottgrefj »er fain-melt, rufen ben bbdjftcn bidder ber 3BeIt an, baft 
uniere 91bftd>ten redbtfebaffen ftnb, unb yerfitnben unb erfldren bann fetcr* 
ltcb, tnt fftamen unb auf (Sjrttnb ber Slutoritdt bed guten 23oIFed bteier (Solo= 
ttten, baf? btefc 2>ercinigtcn (Splott ten freie unb unabbdngige Staaten ftnb, 
unb ed redjtntdfjtg fein follten; baft fie yon feber fpflicbt ber Xrette gegen bie 
britifebe Krone lodgefprocben ftnb, unb baft jebe polttifdte 2Serbtnbttng jtyt- 
fdten ibnen unb bent totaatc ftjrofj = 23rttanten yollftdnbig aufgetoft tft unb 
ed audj fetn follte; unb baft fte aid freie unb ttnabbangige Staaten yolle 
9ftad)t babeit, Krieg jit fubren,5rieben $u fdjlteftcn 53iinbniffe abjufcblte^en, 
•£ante(dyeriragc einjugebett unb a lie anberen £anblungcn unb “Dinge ju 
tbutt, trelcbc ttnabbdngigen Staaten reddiitdfjig jufteben. Unb jur Unter- 
ftitgung btefer (Srfldrung yerpfdttben trir etnanber, mit feftem 2$ertrauen 
auf ben ©djut} ber gottltcbenSSorfebung, unfer Sebcit, unter 2$ermbgen unb 
unfere tjeiltge fibre. 

(gejeidmct) ^ancocF* 


fft e ty - a nt p f b t v e. 

3ofia Bartlett, Will tain Wl)ip^Ie, UXattI)eit> <n>ornton* 

9)? a f f a cb it f e 11 d 23 a p. 

Samuel 3obn Robert Xt*eatPaine, QHbvtoge 

(Berry* 

9^ o b e 3dlattb, 

Stephen ^opFtns, William Ellery* 

S o tt it e c 1 1 c u t. 

21oger Sherman, Samuel «5untin0bon / William Williame, 
Oliver Wolcott. 


16 


SB a t> c Return. 


9? e tv - $ o rf. 

William diloyb, Philip 4h?in0j*on, grands terns, tetris 
morris. 

91 etv - 3 e r f e 9 . 

Tvidtarb ©rotfton, 3obn Witljerfpoon, brands ^opftnfon, 
3ol)it *£art, 2lbral)am ClarF. 

*p c n u f i) I v a it t a. 

Robert morris, Benjamin “Hiifb, ■Benjamin JranFIin, 3obn 
morton. C5cor0c Clymer, 3ames ©mitl), ©eortje Caylor, 
3antes Wilfon, ©eorge "Hof?. 

£) e l a tv a r e. 

Caefar ^vobney,.©eorge 3\eab, l£l)omaa lTlcl\ean. 


9)?art)lanb. 

©amuel Chat'e, William paca, ©bornas ©tone, Charles Car* 
roll r>on Carollton. 

Virginia. 

©eorge Wytfoe, Tlicbarb ^enry^ £ee, vCbomae "3etferIon, 
Benjamin ^arrtfon, vCtyomas VTelfon, jr., Francis idgl)tfoot 
■Cee, Carter Brapton. 

9? 0 r t b £ a r 0 1 i n a* 


William hooper, 3ofepl) Serves, 3obn Penn. 

©out!) £ a r 0 1 i it a. 

l£btt>arb “Hutlebge, Xl)omas <£eyu?arb, jr., Xbomae Cynd), jr., 
7lrtl)ur mibbleton. 

©c or gta. 

Button ©ivinnett,. Hyman *oall, ©eorge Walton. 


($ o 11 ft 1 1 it 1 1 o it b e r SScrcinifltcit 01 a a t e it 

von 

21 m c r i t a. 


2Bir, ba$ 9?olf ber 23ercimgtcn ©taaten, jur Srjiclung enter fcoflfontnte- 
nerett 23ereintgung, Stnfubrung von SRedjt^pflege, ©tcfyerung ber ittneren 
fRubc, SBorforge fur gemetnfdjafiltcfie Sert^eibtgung, Sefbrberung ber allgc- 
ntetnen SBoblfatyrt unb SBatyrung ber ©egnungett t>cr ftrctbeit fur unS unb 
unfere "Jiadjfommen, verorvnen unb errtc^ten btcfe Sonftitutton fur bte 
SSeretntgten ©taaten von Slmertla. 

2lvtif’el I. 

Slbfcttmtt 1. 5lHe gefcljgebenbe ©etvalt, tvelcfte fttertn verltelten tvirb, 
foil in einem Songrefi ber sBeretntgten ©taaten rubeit, welder aus3 ctnent 
©enat unb etnem S'teprdfentantenbauS beftetjen foil. 





23 ate SRecuttu 


17 


Slbfctynitt 2. (1.) Dad £aud bcr ^eprafentanten foil and 2J?ttgltebem 
^ufammengcfejjt werben, weldje allc tvet Satyre son bent 23olfe ber etitjeltten 
©taaten ju wa'tylett ftnb, uitb bte ©abler in febem ©taate fotten btcjentgen 
Clualtfifattonen tyaben, welctye bet ©dtylern fur ben $atylreid;ftett 3^cig ber 
©taatd*£eqidlatur oeriangt werben. 

SJieprafcntant famt nur Sentanb werbctt, welttycr bad filter you 25 
3atyren erreictyt t>at, ftcbeit Sabre 23urger ber 33ereintgten ©taaten rear, unb 
S u r 3 e, t fetner 2Bat>l in intent ©taate gewotynt bat, wo er gcwdtylt wurbe. 

(3.) Dfeprdfentanten unb btrefte Jarett fallen auf bte oerfetyiebenen 
0iaatcn, welttye in btefer Union eingefttyloffett fetrt ntiigen, natty ibrer ©ec= 
lenjatyl in ber ©etfe oerttyetlt toerbett, bap man *u ber gattjen 2ln$atyl freier 
fPerfonett, einfctyltepltcty ber fitr eine 3Jeit)e oon Sutyreit btenftpfltctytigeu unb 
aud|ttylieplitty nittyt befteuerten Snbtatter, brei fjunftcl alter attberett fperfo- 
nett jttjatylt. Die wtrflictye 3^biung foil tunertyalb brei Satyren natty bent 
er Men 3ufammentreten bed (Eottgreffed unb oon ba an alle tetytt Satire in 
folctyer ©etfe ftattftnben, tote cd burcty (5}efetye oergefttyrteben roerben mag. 
Die 3lnjatyl ber SReprafcntanten foil nittyt groper fein, aid etner auf je 
30,000, beef) foil feber ©taat burcty wentgften etnen S^epra fen tauten ocr= 
treten fein, unb bid eine folttye 3^’bbtng gemactyt toerbett faun, foil bcr 
©taat 9few*-£>amp(tyire Dret $u erwdtylett bered)tigt fettt; 2)faffattyu;ettd 
2lctyt; ^ityobe 3dlanb ttnb $t\potbence „ s ]Maiitagen" (Sittett; (Eonnecticut 
ftunf; 9feto*§)orf ©edjd; 9?ew*3erfep 23ter; fpemtftyloania 3lctyt; Delaware 
(linen ; s Dfarplanb ©eebd; Virginia 3 e b n 5 $ortty Carolina ^unf; ©outty 
Carolina §uttf; unb ©eorgta Drei jReprafentanten. 

(4.) ©etttt tBacanjen in ber iBertretung irgettb eined ©taated oorfotn= 
men, fo foil bte erecuttoe 23etybrbe ttette ©atyien jur Sludfitllung ber 
canjen audfttyretben. 

(5.) Dad £aud ber S’leprafentanten foil fid) fettten ©prettyer unb ant ere 
33eamten watylen unb bad atletn ge fRectyt junt „3mpeactyment" tyaben. 

Slbfctynttt 3. (I.) Der ©enat ber 33eremtgteit ^taaten foil jufammen- 
gefetyt fein aud jtoei ©enatoren oott jebent ©taate, toelttye oon ber Segidla- 
tur bejfelben auf fed)d Satyre gewdtytt toerbett uttb feber (Senator foil ju 
etner ©timme beredjtigt fein. 

(2.) ©ogletcty, nactybem fitty btefelben tn 3olge ber erftett ©atyl oer* 
fammelt tyaben, follen fie itt brei mogltctyft gletttye (Elaffen eingettyeilt toerbett. 
Der Slmtdtmnin ber ©enatoren erfter (Elaffe foil natty 3lblauf bed jtociten 
3atyred, ber ber jweiten (£ affe natty 3lblauf bed oierten 3atyred unb enbltcty 
ber ber brttten Slaffe natty Slblauf ted fectyften 3atyred auftybren, fo bap natty 
je jtoet 3atyreu ettt Dritttyeil neu gctoatylt wtrb, unb tocitn burd) 5fefignation 
ober attbere (SJrunbe 33acanseit todtyrenb ber gerienjett ber \?egidlatur irgettb 
eined ©taated eintreten, fo foil bte ISjrecuttoe auf fo lange prootforifttye Sr= 
nennungen mad;en, btd bei bent 3 u 1 amnien ^ reten nattyften 2egtdlatur 
biefe £$acan$en audgefitllt toerben. 

(3.) ft'eine ^erton foil senator fettt bttrfen, tocldfe nittyt ityr bretpigfted 
Satyr erretdjt tyat unb neutt Satyre 23ttrger ber 'Beretnigten ©taaten war, 
unb welttye nittyt, wenn erwutylt, ein iBewotyner jetted ©taated war, welttyer 
ttyn enodtylte. 

(4.) Der 33tce = fPrdftbeitt ber 33eretntgten ©taaten foil fPrdftbent bed 
©enated fein, aber feitte ©timnte tyaben, attper itn 5alle ber ©timnten- 
gleittytyeit. 


IS 


S3 ate "JR ec u m. 


(5.) £)er ©enat foil fid) feme ubrtgen 23eamten. fotote ctncn $rafibett* 
ten pro tempore fur ben gall wa^len, toentt bcr tBicc^Praftbcnt enttoeber 
abtoefenb tft, ober bab 2lmt beb fPraftbenten bcr ^ereintgten ©taaten yer« 
toaltet. 

(6.) T)er ©enat foil bab alletntge 3^ed;t fjabett, fiber a((e Salle yon 
„3mpead)inent" abjuurtljetlen. SBenn bie Wttglteber bteiem 3^ cc f e * n 
©tgung finb, fo fo.i bieb unter (Sib ober 2Bal?rt)ettbbefrafttgung gefdjeljen. 
UBeiiu bie 2Iuflage g>-gen ben 5>raftbenten ber 33eretnigten ©taaten gemad)t 
ift, foil ber Dberridjter ben s -Borftg fufyren unb 9?tetnanb foil fur uberfiitjrt 
geltcn, wenn nid)t jtoet Drittel ber aittoefenbcn 9J?itglteber betfttmmeit. 

(7.) £)ab Urtbctl in fallen yon „3ntpead)ment" foil fid) nicbt toetter 
erftrecfeit, alb aitf Slnttb = (Sntfegung unb Unfil)igt\utb=lSrflarung *ur 23er= 
toaltuttg etneb 2lmtcb unter ben 23eretntgten ^taaten, fet eb fur (Sl)re ober 
23eiolbuntj. £)od) faun bte uberfiibrte 0erfon nod) auperbem auf bent ge= 
tobl)nlid)cn ©ertddbtocgc belangt unb beftraft rocrbeit. 

Slbfdmttt 4. (1.) 3eit, $lag unb 2lrt unb 2Beife ber 2tb|altung bon 
SBatjleit fur ©enatoren unb Slcprafentautnt foil fctoeiltg burd) bie (Sjef g* 
gcbuttg beb bctreffenben ©taateb aitgeorbnet roerben; bod) faun ber Songree 
i\u trgettb etner 3ett, fraft etneb (Sjefcgeb, btefe SRegulationen abdnbern ober 
neue ntadjen, mit 2lubttal)tne febod) bcr 33efttmmung ber spiage fiir bte 
2Bal)l bcr ^©enatoren. 

(2.) Qer Gtongr fj foil toentgftettb etn Deal tit fcbem 3abre jufammen- 
tretcn unb jtoar foil bteb am erften 5)? on tag beb dKonatb £>ejentber ge=« 
fdjeben, fo lange bab ©efcg fettten anbern Jag befttmmt. 

Slbfctjnitt 5. (t.) 3ebeb bcr beibett paufer foil fettt etgenere S^idjter 
fettt fiber bte (Srtoa'b'ung unb bte Qualification feiner s D?itglicber, uttb cine 
etnfad)e SJJaforitat tit febent berfelben foil baffelbc jur (Srlebigung yon ©e* 
fd)aftcn befd)lu§fal)tg ntad)cn; ettte flcinere 2ltttal)l febod) faun fid) you 
einem Xage *um anbern yertagcn unb mag autorifirt fettt, bab (Sr|d)etnen ab' 
toefenber fUiitglieber burd? foldjc Vittel ober ^trafeu $u erjtotngen, alb lebcb 
paub befttmmen mag. 

(2.) 3ebeb paub faun feitte ®efd)dftbregeln fcftftelleit, fetne 9Jiitgltebcr 
fur unangemeffeneb 33etragen ftrafeit uttb nttt etner 3wetbrittel fWaforitat 
aubftoficn. 

(3.J 3ebeb paub foil etn journal feiner 33erbanbtungen fubren unb 
baffctbe yon 3ftt ju 3c'tt yeroffentlic^en, mtt 2lubfd)lu| febod) yon foldjen 
Jbeilett, toeldje nad) bent Urtljetle ber fDlitgbeber ©cfjetmbaltuitg erforbern; 
unb auf bab b Berlangen yon einem pmuftei bcr amycfcttbeu 9)fitgltcber foil 
itt febent ber beibett piufer uttb fiber febtocldjen ©egenftanb namentlid) 
abgeftimntt uttb bie Slbfttmmuug protofollirt toerbett. 

(4.) ^ettteb ber beibett -paitfer foil toabrettb ber ©i^ung beb Songreffcb 
o^ne iStmotUtgung beb anbern ftcb auf linger alb brei Jage, ober nad) 
einem anbern Drte yertagcn, alb bemfenigcit, in tye,d;ent bie betben ^aitjer 
tit ©tgttng fittb. 

$Ibfcfynttt H. (1.) Qic ©enatoren unb SReprafcntanten follctt etne 
23ergutung fiir ifyre Dienfte erbaltcn, tvcldte gc|etVlid> feftgefegt unb aub 
bent 33ercinigten ©taaten ©d)age bc^ablt tyirb. Jiefelbett fbnnett itt fei= 
item S'tlle, podjyerrad), Sdonie uttb Artebcnobrud) aubgenommen, ma^renb 
tbrer 2lluye|ettl)ett in ben ©itutugctt beb bctregeitocn paufeb ober toabrenb 
fie fid) bortt)in begebctt ober yon Port fonttnen, ycrljaftet toerbett uttb fittb 


33a be Sftecum* 


19 


fur bae, toaS fie todbrenb ber £)ebatte ober in etncr S'lcbc in cittern ber bei* 
ben |>dufer aupern, Shemanbent attferbalb ocrantioortlid). 

(2.) _ $eitt Senator ober S^eprafentant foil toa’brenb fetner Slmtebauer 
irgenb cine &ioit=3inftellung unter ber Slutoritat ber 33eretutgten Staatcn 
erttaltcn, toeldfe tpdfjrenb bee XernttnuS fur ben er geibdl)lt iourbe, ge|d)af s 
fen ober berett (Stnfuitfte in berfelben 3 e il crbotjt touroctt, unb fetne s pcr* 
fon, toelcpe cine 9inftellung unter ber iBeictnigteit Staaten Dlegierung time 
fyat, full, toafyrenb bee 33erbletbenS barin, iDHtglieb etitcS ber beiben $dufer 
jeitt. 

Slbfdjnjtt 7. (1.) Side ©efelje gur (Srfyebuttg ber (Stnfunfte foflen in 
bent £>,iufe ber 9ieprdfentanten ibren Urfprung fyaben; bod) mag ber Sett at 
3ufa^e ober 2Beglaffungett oorfdjlagen, tote bet anbern 23 i lie. 

(2.) 3ebe 23ill foil, nacfybem fie tm £aufe ber Sleprafentanteit unb bed 
Senates angenontntcn Jft, beoor fie junt ©efejj erfyoben toirb. bent $)rdft- 
benten ber 23eretnigten <£>taaten oorg legt tocrbett. tffiemt btefer fie gut* 
l)ei§t, ocrfiebt er fte mit fetner Unterfc^iift; toentt itidjt fo fdnrft er fie, mtt 
fetnen fiinroanben oerfeljen, an jettes $aue guritef, oott toeldjem fte auS= 
gtng. Dtcfe (Sintoanbe foden alSbann tit baS journal beS £>aufeS einge* 
tragen unb bie betreffenbe Sill in 2Bteberertodgung gejogen toerbett. iffientt 
natty etner follett SB.eberenodgung 3roeibrittel bee $aufe$ bt’e 33 ill paffi* 
ren, fo foil fte gugletcty ntit ben ©itttodnben bent anbern £)aufc jugefetyteft 
toerbett unb, toenn and) liter mit 3tt>eibrittel 9Jiaforitdt aitg nomntcn, toirb 
fie ©efety. — Dod) foU in alien foldjett fallen nameitflictye Slbftimmung 
ftattfinben unb bie Seamen ber $erfotten, to (die fitr, ttttb 3ener, toclctye 
gegett bie Slnnatyme ftimmten, follen ttt baS 3ournal bee betreffenben £>au* 
fee ctngetragen toerbett. 2Denn ber $rdftbent eittc ttyin jur Unterf4)rtf^ ettt= 
gefetytefte 33id nictyt innertyalo gctyit £ageu — Sonntage ungeja'tylt — oont 
Xage ber Ueberretctyung gercctynet, juriicffctytcft, foil fie gum ©efety toerbett, 
gerabe ale ob er fte untergeictynet barte, ben $ad auegettontmen, bap ber 
Songrep turd) fetne 23ertagung bie IRiicfgabe unmoglicty mactyt, itt ioeld;ent 
3alle bie 23tU nidtyt ©eicty toirb. 

(3.) Side 23crorbnuttgeit, 23efctyluffe ober Slbftintmungen, bet ioelctyctt 
cine Uebereittftintmung oont Senat unb Oteprai'entantentyauS tto.tyioenbtg 
ift, — bie 3rage ber 23ertagung auegettomntett — ntitffen bent $rdfibett= 
ten ber 23ereintgten Staatcn oorgelegt, unb beoor biefelben in Kraft treten 
fbnnen, oott bemfelbm gebilltgt toerbett, attbentfalle muffett biefelben oott 
gtoet Drittbabm bee Senates unb bee Sfoprd'entantenjhtufee paffirt toer= 
ben tit Ueberetnftimmung mit ben 23orfd;riften ttttb 33efdirdufuttg.n, bie ttt 
23ejug auf 23tUe QJeltung baben. 

^Ibfc^ttttt 8. !Scr Sottgrep foil bie $?ad)t baben: 

(1.) Steuern, 3*^*3 5luflagen unb Recife aufjuerlegen unb einjutret- 
ben, bie Sd)ulbctt ber 23ereinigtett Staaten gu begablettunb fur gentetn- 
fd^aftltdie i)ertbcibtguttg unb allgentctne SBoblfabrt ber SJereinigten ®taa=* 
ten gu forgen ; ab£r alle 3bile, Steuern unb Slceifc follen tm gattgen ©.bicte 
ber tBeretnigten Staatcn gle.dmtdftg icin. 

(2.) Slnlitben auf ben (Srebit ber SSem tntgten Staaten gu macben. 

(3.) 2)en ^anbel mit fremben Sfattotten, ber o.r duecenen Staaten 
unter einattber, foroie mit ben 3ubtatierftdmmen ju regeltt. 

(4.) (S it gleidbfbrmtgee Siaturaltfattone* unb iBanquerott = ©efc^, fitr 
bae gatt^e ©ebiet ber iBereittigteit Staateu aufguftellcti. 


20 


35 a be SSttecunu 


(5.) ©elb ju pragen unb bcffert $3crtp, fotvte fntcn frentber fDfitnjfor* 
ten ju regelit unb fur fefte fftormen tm ’Dfaafpunb ©etvtdjtb * ^pltem $u 
forgen. 

(6.) 33orforge ju trcffcit fur bie 33cftrafitng bcr 9?acpapmung von 
33ereinigteu ©taatnt 2Bertppapicren unb curfirenber Wunje. 

(7.) fPoMDfficen ei-^urtcljtcn unb fPofttvege ju erofftten. 

(8.) $iir bie ftbrbcrung von •S 1 iffenfd;aften^unb nutdicpen .ftiuften $u 
forgen, inbent cr fitr eine befepranfte ^ett ben ©cpriftftellern unb ©rfinbern 
bud aubfd)lief(tcpe ©tgentpuntbreept auf ipre 3Berft unb ©ntbeefungen fiepert. 

(9.) der ©.iprente ©ourt untergeorbnete ©erid)tbpbfe *u erriepten. 

(10.) ©eeraub unb gelonte auf poper ^ce, fotvie 33ergepen grgen bab 
33blferrecpt pt beftrafeu. 

(11.) 5lrteg ju erfldren, 5tapcr= unb bHcprcffaltett = 23rtefe aubjuftelleit 
unb iUorfduiftcn uber ©rbeutuugcn ju £aitb ober ^cc jit matfjen. 

(12.) 3lrmeen au^upeben unc> jit verpflegen; bod) foil fur btefett 
3tvccf fetite ©elbbetviliigung fitr etnen Iditgerett 3ettrauni, alb jivei 3apre 
gemadtt tverbett. 

(13.) ©ttte ^riegbflotte ju erriepten unb ju unterpalten. 

(14.) SSorfcprtften fur bie SSertoaltung unb Dtbjtpltn bcr Sanb* unb 
©eentaept $u mad)en. 

(15.) 3$orforge ju treffen fur bm Stufruf ber ^ftlij ^ur Slubfitprung 
ber ©efette ber Union, jur Unterbrucfung von Slufftdnben unt 3lbtvepr 
feittblieper ©infalle. 

(16.) 33orforge ju trcffcit fitr Drganifation, 23eioaffnung unb ©in* 
ttbuitg ber 'Mtj," fotvie fitr bte fitting berfenigen Xpetle berfelbett, tveldte 
tut dteitfte ter U5ereinigtcn ©taaten verroenbet iverb n; tvobet febed) bett 
bctrcffcitben ©tujelftaaten bab 9tecpt vorbepaltcn blcibt, bie Dffijierc ju 
ernenttcn unb bie ©tnitbung ber s Diilt$ nacp ben vom ©ongrep vorgefeprie* 
benen SRegeln §u vottjiclten. 

(17.) dab Dtedu ter aubfcplte§(icpett ©efcpgebuug uittcr alien Urn- 
ftanten in remfrntgett dtftrift (niept ntepr alb jepn tUieilen tin Quabrat 
groff) aubjuubcit, tveldper turep 3lbtretung befoitberer ©taatett unb bte 
Slnnabme teb ©ongveffob ter ^tn ter 33ereintgten ©taatcn=9tegierung 
tvevteit fettle unb glctcpe Slutoritat liber allc jene fpid'pe aubjuitbeu, tveldje 
nitt 3nfttntmuitg ter ©efepgcbung beb betreff nben ^staateb, in ivelcpcnt 
fie gelegcit ftttb, jur ©rrieptung von tRefeftiguttgbtverfen, Wagaptten, 2lrfe* 
nalett, ©cpiffb-2Berfteu tint anberen nbtptgen 33autveifett fduflicp envor* 
ben tvcrbeit. Unb 

(18.) 31 He ©efepe ju erlaffen, bie notbtvenbig unb geeignet ftnb, tint 
bie obigcit unb alte antent 9)?acptvollfontntenpfiten aubjuubeit, tvelcpe burtp 
bie ©onftitution ber Ofegtcrung ber 35ereintgten ©taateit ober trgettb etnetn 
department ober ben 33eamten berfelbett itbertragen ftnb. 

3lbfcpnitt 9. (1%) die ©intvattberung ober ©infiipruttg folcper ^erfo* 
nett, tvelcpe irgeitb finer bcr gegemvdrtig befiepenten ^taaieit fitr juldfjtg 
eradKet, foil vom Songrcfi ntbpt vor bent 3apre d()8 vrrptittert tverben. 
docp mag etne Xare ober ©tetter auf eine folcpe ©infitprung gelegt tver= 
ben, tveldie febod) jepit dollarb fitr fete fperfott tttdit uberfteigen barf. 

(2.) dab -Prtvilegtum beb “Halx as corpus” foil ntd)t fubpenbirt 
tvertett, auper tventt in 8'dlleit von Rebellion ober 3nvafton bie bffentlicpe 
©id)erpeit eb erforbertt mag.' 


35abe SOtecum. 21 

(3.) Nettie “Bill of attainder” ober ‘'ex post facto” ©efej-j foil 
pafftrt tocrbett. 

(4.) $opf|leuern ober attbere btreftc Stcucnt foftert mtr tm 93erfyaftnt§ 
beg (Settfug ober bcr SSolfg^dplimg auferlegt toerbett, bie ben oorl)ergepen- 
ben 23efttm nt ungen angeorbitet tft. 

(5.) 5tein Jlugfut)r$oll foil auf ©egenfhtnbe gelegt toerben, tocldjc yon 
trgenb cinent Staate auggefiif)rt toe ben. $ettt 33or$ug fill burd) £>aitbelg- 
ober Oteoenue-^egulattoiten ben -pafen ettteg Staateg oor bnteit nnberer 
Staaten gegebett toerben; aud) follett gafyqeuge, bie aug bent £>afctt ettteg 
Staateg auggelaufett ober nacf) bemfelben beitimmt finb, ittcbt oerpflidpet 
fetn, tit etnett £>afen ettteg nnbertt Staatcg etnjulaufen ober tit foldjett an* 
bent £>afen _ju flartrcn ober 3^de $u bejaljlen. 

(5.) $ein ©clb foil aug bent ^eba^amte gejogen toebett, auper tit 
Boige oott 33eioilIignngcit, bie burd) ©efet; feftgefteUt fittb uttb etne genanere 
3ufammcnftcltung uttb 3Ibred)itung bcr Stitnabme ttnb 23erauggabuttg 
fdmnttltdjer offentlidjer ©elber foil oott 3 eft 3^tt oerbffentiicfyt toerbett. 

(7.) £)ie 23ereinigten Staaten follett feme 2lbelgtitel oerletpen; nod) 
foil trgcnb cine ^erfon, toelcbe citt bejaplteg ober citt 23ertraueng=2lmt tit 
bcnfelben t'efleibcr, opite 3uftimmung beg (Sottgreffeg irgcnb ein ©cfdtenf, 
einen Worthed, ein Stmt ober duett Xitel trgenb eiiter 2lrt von trgcnb etnent 
Stonig, gurften ober frcntteit ^taaten amtelnnen. 

5lb|dmt!t 10. (1.) tfeitt ^taat foil fid) tit etiten 23ertrag, etn 23unb- 
nip ober etne (Sonforberation cinlaffen, jtaper* ober 3tcpreffalint=53riefe 
augftellen; ©elb jtragen; ^apiergclb auggeben; irgettb ettoag attbered 
alg ©olb= uttp Silbermun$ett ju gefe^ltd;em ^aplunggintfel fttr 2lb= 
tragung non ©dutlbett ntadicn; irgettb cine “Bill of attainder” ober 
etne “ex post facto” ©eft# ober etn ©efetj palfircn, toeld)eg bte btitbeitbe 
ft raft roit (Sontracten fdtmdlcrt; ober trgenb einen Slbelgtitel ocrleibett. 

(2.) fteitt Sraat foil obtte £ktfttmiiiung beg (Sottgreffeg irgettb tocld)e 
Slbgabctt ober 3blle auf (Stnfttlir ober 51uc'fnl)r auferlegctt, auggenontiiien, 
toag fiir bie Slugfiiprung feitter 3nfpeftton^=©efe^c ablolut notptoenbig fetn 
mag, uttb ber 9fetii-(Srtrag alter 3blle ttttb 2lbgabcn, bte oott irgettb cittern 
Staatc anf (Stnfupr ober 21uvfut>r auferlcgt toerbett, foil bent Sdjatje ber 
2?eretnigtcit Staaten jur SBerfitgung iiepen; ttnb alte folcpe ©efetje follett 
ber 9tcot|lott uttb ber (Sontrolle bet' Songreffe-g uutertoorfen fein. Jlein 
Slant foil ol)ne ©eiftiinmuttg beg Qoitgreiteg cinett 3t>H nuf Xoitncngcbalt 
legett, Xntppett obei Hriegg|cbijfc in gitebengjeiten bnlteit; elite Ueberein* 
funft ober einen 33ertrag nttt etnent anbercit Staate ober eiiter frembett 

adl)t abfc^ltepen, ober fief) in $rteg eintaffen, anggenommen tut ^all 
etiteg tbatfdd)licl)cn fetitblidten ©tttfallg, ober toettn bie ©efatjr fo broljenb 
tft, bap fie fetnen ^erjng geftattet. 

31vtifcl II. 

Slbfdntitt 1. (1.) ‘Die SrecuttV©etoalt (oottjt’efjenbe ©etralt) foil bem 
5)rdjteenten ber ^erctnigtett Staaten oerlieben fein. (Sr foil fein 2lmt 
todfirenb beg Xerntineg oott oter 3apren befletbett, uttb jufautmeit mtt bem 
23ice=fpmfibenten, ber fiir benfelben Xermin getodl)lt totrb, trie folgt, gc- 
toal)lt toerben: 

(2.) 3cber Staat foil in fotdjer 2Betfe, tote bie Segiglatur beffelbett be- 


22 


25abe 9ftcount* 


fttntmen mag, cmc Stn^aljl glectoren ernennen, tucTd^cJ>er T5)efammt;abl 
fccr ©enatoren itnb 9 ?eprdfentanten, ;tt toelcben folder ©taat tm dotigrc§ 
bereditigt fetit mag, gleiebfommt; aber fetn ©enator unb fein 9 (eprd en* 
taut eber fetne fPerfon, bic etn SSemauettd* ober cin bejablted Stmt unter 
ben SSeretnigten ©taaten befletbet, fed aid (Slectorjrrnannt toerben. 

(3) Die ©lectoreit fotten in ibren refpectioen ©taaten jufammentreten 
unb bttrd) Stimmjettcl fur fPrdfibent unb 23tre=fPrdftbent ftimmen, oon 
benen mtnbeftend (Stner nidjt and bemfelbett ©taate fetn barf, and toeldjent 
bic ©lectoren ftnb; fie fotten in ibren ©timm^etteln bie fPerfon bennenen, 
fur bic aid ^ raft bent 13 c [ft mint totrb; cine 2iftc ber fPerfonen, ffir btegefttmmt 
wurbe, mit ber 3abl ber ©tirnmen fur 3eben, ju madten. Dtefe Stfte fotten 
fie it titer jetdtnen ttttb beglaubtgen unb ocrfiegelt itad) bent ©tb ber Sftegte* 
rune! ber Skreinigten ©taaten fdnefett, abrefftrt an ben ^raftbenten bed 
Senate. Der fPrdfibent bed ©enatd foil in G3cgemrart bee? ©citated unb 
bed ^eprafentantenbaufed a tie bie (Certificate bffnett unb bic ©ttmnteit 
fotten bamt gejafylt toerben; bie $erfon toelcbe bie grb§te Slnjafrl ©tint men 
ftatioirb fPraftbeut fetit, toeitn jette Slttjabl eine Sftaforitdt ber ®efammt$af)t 
ber ernannten Grlectoren tft; unb menu ntebrere ^erfonen einefolcfte aj 0 = 
riteit unb gletcbe Sln^afjl pen ©tirnmen babett, fott bad jftcprdfcntantenbaud 
etnen oon ibnen jum fpraftbenten todblctt; unb menu fetne fPerfon etne 
Sftajorttdt bat, foU bad e p r a f e n t a n t e nb a u d in glctdtcr SEBetfe ben fprafi* 
beittcit and ben fitnf fPerfonett, toelcbe bic nieiften ftimmen babett, enodb* 
ten. Slber bet ber (Srtodblung bed fPrdfibenten fotten bie ©tirnmen ttacb 
©taaten gcrccbnct tuerben, fo ba§ bie jfteprafentation pon febem ©taate ttur 
eine ©ttmme bat; ettt Quorum fur btefett 3 tt)ec ^ foil befteben aud e item 
Sftitglteb ober Sftitgltebent oon jtoet Drittel-bcr ©taaten, unb eine 9ftafo* 
ritdt fammtlidter ^taaten fott netbtoenbig jit eincr SBabl fein. 3n alien 
fallen fott bte fPerfon, bie n a dr berSBabl bed ^Jrafibcnten bie grbffte Slttjabl 
©tiinmen ber (Slectoren bat, 23tce3Prdftbent fein. 2Benit jtoet ober mebrere 
nut gletcbctt ©tirnmen iibrig bletbctt folltcn, totrb ber ©ettat Cinen non 
ibnen 511111 fprdftbeitten ertob’blen. 

(t.) Der Songref mag bie 3fit ber JBabI ber (Slectoren, fetoie ben Jag 
beftiinntcn, an bent tie ibr Return abgcbcit fotten; bed) fott biefer Jag in 
ben ganjen 93ereinigten ©taaten terfelbe fein. 

(5.) s ftttr etn 33itrgcr burcb ©eburt, ober ettt burger jur 3fit ber Sin- 
naljjmc biefer Sonftttution fell junt y r a ft b c it t c it - 2t n 11 e tuablbar fein; unb 
fott fetne yerfott ju biefent 5lmte mdblbar fein, ber nidtt bad filter non 
fitnf unb bret§tg yabren erreid)t unb pierjebn 3al)re tttnerbalb ber $cr- 
einigten ©taaten getuobnt bat. 

((>.) 3m Salle ber Slbfejjung bed ^rdfibenten Pont ?lmte, ober feitted 
Jobed, fetner S'tefignation ober Unfabigfeit, bie 33efugnt|Te unb fPflidtteit 
bed befagten Slutted ( ;tt erfullen, fott baffelbe auf bent 33ice=yt(tfibenten 
ttbergebnt; unb ber Songreft fann burcb ©cfeb fur ben Salt ber SlbfeMtng, 
bed Jobcd, ber Ofefignation ober Unfdbtgfcit bed ^rdfibenten fotuobl, rote 
bed SSice^rdftbenten beftimmen, tncldter fBeantter aid 'Prafibcitt fuitgtrett 
fott, itnb citt folder S3 earn ter fott bemgemdp fungtrett bid bic llttfabtgfett 
befeitigt ober etn fpraftbent getoablt ift. 

(7.) Der ^rdftbent fell $u feftgcfeljtcn 3eiten cine Sacrgututtg fitr fetne 
Dtcttfte entpfangen, melcbe md^renb bed Jeitraumd, fitr ben er getoablt 
tottrbe, toeber erjjityt nod) oerntinbert toerbett fott unb er fott tod^reno biefed 


35abe cuiru 23 

3ettraunted feme unberen (Stnfiinfte pen ben SSeretntgten ©tauten ober 
etitcm etn^elnen ©taatc erbalteit. 

(8.) 25eeor er bie 9?ott$tebung fetned Untied antritt, foil er folgenben 
(Sib eber folgenbe 33efrdfttguitg art (Stbedftatt ablegen: 

„3cb befdjtvbre ober befrdfttge an (Stbedftatt, feter icb, baft ttf> bad 21 nit 
bed fPrafibenten ber SSereintgten ©taaten getreitltcb oertpaltcn unb ttad) 
metner beften Sdbigfeit bie (Senftitution ber 33ereinigten ©taaten erljaltcn, 
bcfcbnfcen unb perttieibigen mill." 

$lbfcbnitt 2. (1.) Ter $rdftbent foil Tberbefebldbaber ber 3lrtnec tutb 
Alette ber 23ereintgten ©taaten fetn, fotoie ber UNtlij ber (Sinjelftaaten, 
falls biefelben jum actipen Tteitft ber 35eretntgten ^taaten berufeit mirb. 
(Sr mag eitt fcbrtftlidied ©utaditen ber Dberbeamtcn jebe^ erccutioen Te* 
partmentd Perlangett, itber irgeitb etiten ©egenftanb, tvelctier 33ejug bat 
auf bie $fltd)ten tbred 3lmted, unb er foil fertter bad 2tecbt baben, 2luffctmb 
ber ©trafe ober S^egnabigung ftir35crgcben gegen tte 23ereinigten (Stagten 
jtt gctoa'bren, audgenontnten tit fallen eon „3ntpcacbmeitt." 

(2.) (Sr foil bie 9)facbt baben, auf 5litratben unb mit (Stnmifftgung bed 
©enated, 33ertvdge abjufcblteftcn, PoraitdgefetU, baft ^^f'bvittd ber ann?e-» 
fcnbcit ©enatoreit beftimmen; unb er [oil ©efaubte, (Sonfuln unb bte 
2iicbter ber (Supreme (Scurt uominirett, unb mit 3wfttmmuug bed ©enatd 
anftellen, fomie alle anbern 33camtcn ber 33ereinigten ©taaten, iiber berett 
Slnftellung, bie aber burcb eirt ©efetj Perorbitet fein muft, niebt in aitberer 
SBeife perfiigt ift. Ter Sottgrcft fann jebocb bie 9lnftellung foldjer unter- 
georbneten 33egmten, aid ibrn paffettb erfcbeineit mag, burd) (55efe0 entmeber 
bent ft)ra'fibenten alleitt ober belt ©ericbtdbofen, ober ben Tepartmentd* 
23orftditteit libertragen. 

(3.) Ter fPrdfibent foil bie s 3)iacbt baben, alle 33acan$en, bte md’brenb 
ber ftcrienteit bed ©enatd Porfommen, audjufiillen, inbent cr_3luftellungd* 
llrfunben crtbctlt, tpclcbe am (Snbe ber nacbfteu ©tiling ted ©enatd ablau* 
fen* i 

TMbfdinttt 3. Sr foil ton 3 e it ju 3 e, t bem (SoitgrcftS iiber ben 3uftanb 
ber Union 3ludfunft gebett unb in [enter (Srtoagung [oldie 20?a§regeln em* 
pfcblen, toeldic er fitr notbmenbtg unb erfprteftltcb) craditet; er mag bet 
auftergetvbbnltdieit fallen betbe fSattfer ober eined berfelben jufamntenbe* 
ruten, uitb menn [ie [icb mit 33e$ug auf bie 35ertagung nidjt eittigeit Fbit- 
nett, mag er [ie bid ju folcber 3 r i f / aid ibrn paffenb erfebetnt, pertageit; er 
[oil ©eianbte unb aitbere offentlidbe fDiintfter empfangen, ©orge flir bie 
getreuc 25olI$tebung ber ©efefce tragen unb fur alle 33eamten ber 25eretnigten 
©taaten tic fBeftaltungen audferttgen. 

2lb[d)nttt 4. Ter fPrdftbent, 35ice - ftMftbeut unb alle (Siptl - SBeamtnt 
ber 23ercinigtctt ©taaten [ollett ibrer ©tellcn entfent toerben auf Slnflageit 
uub Ueberfubrung toegett £od)Ocrratb, 33eftecfmng ober anberer grower 
35erbred>en unb 23ergebcn. 

III. 

Ulbidinitt 1. Tie riditerltdie ©email ber 25ercintglett ©taaten foil 
etnent oberften ©eriditdbofe unb [olebett Untergericbtdbbfen juftebeit, mte 
[ie ber Songre§ Pott 3eit git 3cit anorbnen unb erriditeit mag. TieOtidi- 
ter bed oberften [omobl, rnie ber unteren ©ertditdbbfe [elicit tm 2lmte blet- 
bcit mfl’brenb giiten 35erbaltend tutb [ie [ollett ju bcftimmteit 3eiteit eine 


24 


25abc ecum. 


23ergutuug fur i'bre X)ienfte bejiebeit, tvelcbe fo lunge fte tm finite bletbeit, 
lttcbt gefcbmulert toerbcit barf. 

s ilbfcbnitt 2. (1.) ‘Tte ridbterlicbe (SJetoalt foil fief) auf alle guile er- 
ftreefen, toeldje unter btefer (Sonftitutton, ben ($tefe0en ter 23erctittgtcu 
©tauten, unb ullen unter bereit Slutoriiut gefc^toffenen ober nod) $u fd)lte- 
fjenben SBertrugeit entfteljen; uuf ulle gulie, tneldie 65efaitbte ober unbere 
offentltcbe 9ftinifter unb (£onfuln_betreffen ; uuf ulle guile ber Slbmiralitut 
unb ©eegcriebtoburfeit; uuf ©trettigfeiten in locldien bie SBcreintgten 
©tauten etne Partet bilteit, uuf ©treitigfeiten jmifeben jtoet unb niebr 
©tauten, ^)r>tfd)en einem ©taate unb ben 23urgern etne3 unbern ^taateS, 
potfeben 23urgern oerfebtebener ©tauten, jtoi(d)en 33itrgern beffelben ©tau¬ 
ten, toelcbc 2lnfprud;e uuf Sunbereien erbebeit, bte ooit oerfcbtebeneit ©tua- 
ten bcnulligt nutrben, unb snnfdieit einem ^taute unb beffen 23itrgern unb 
fremben ©tauten, 23urgent ober Untertbunen. 

(2.) 3it ullen gullen, toelcbe ©efanbte, unbere bffentlidie 9ftinifter unb 
Gtonfuln betreffen, into folcljen, in n>elct>en citt <sstant uU purtei uuftritt, 
foil ber oberfte ©crtdd^bof uvfprungltcbe (55erid)t3barfeit befi^en. 3tt ullen 
unbent oorenoubnten gullen foil bie supreme (Soitrt ^Ippellution^gertcbt^^ 
bnrfeit t)ubcu, fomobl in 23e$ug uuf ©cfe£, tine uuf bett Xbutbeftunb, febod) 
mit folcben 2luSnabmen unb unter [oldjeit. 23efcbrnttfungen, ul$ fie ber 
Gfongrefj mudjen roirb. 

(3.) 'Die projeffirung uller 23erbred)en, nutfgenommctt in gullen Pott 
„3ntpead)incitt" foil bind) ©efd)tooreite gefdKbeit unb etn foldier Projefi foil 
tit bent ©taute ubgebulten toerben, tit toeld)em be fugte 23erbrcd)ett begungett 
morbett fiitb ; rontn fie uber nid)t in trgenb einem ©taate beguitgen toorben 
finb, foil ber projeg un einem foldjcu plaice ober folcben plapeit jkttfm= 
ben, meld)e ber Songre§ ourd) ©efetj befrimmt bubeit mug. 

2 lb|d)iutt 3. (1. ) $od)oerrntt) gegeit bie iCereiitigten ©tauten foil nur 
tit ber gitbruttg von ftrteg gegeit biefelbeit befteljett, ober tit 2lnt)unglid)feit 
un t'bre geinbe, intent mnn ttjrten £ulfe unb Unterftutjung gctvd'brt. $eiite 
Perfon funit be3 £>od)mrntl)3 ubertoiefett merbett, audgeitommcn burcb 0a3 
3 eugnt§ yon jtnet 3 eu iten liber etn unb biefelbe offeite £t)ut ober burd) 
©eftunbnip in bffentlicber (Sieriditefitjung. 

(2.) Der Songrefi foil bie s 3ft.id;t bubeit, bie strafe fur £)od)oerratb ju 
befttntmen, uber fetne 23erurtbeilung wegen £>oeboerrutb foil eiite ©brlo^er- 
flurung ber Slitgebbrigett be>5 23erurtbctlten unb uucb itiebt Sonftofutton 
nucb ftcb jteben, nubgcitomincn fitr bie Dutter beb 2ebeitd ber perurtbeilten 
Pcrfonen. 

Slvttfei IV. , 

2 lbfd)nitt 1. Roller ©laube unb 2liierleiinung foil tit febem ©taate ben 
offentlid;en 2lften, Urfunben unb bent gericbtlicben 23erfubren eine3 jeben 
uitbereit ©tauten gefcbeitft tuerben. Unb ber Songre§ mag burcb allge- 
nteine ©efe0e yerorbnett, tit weldjer 2lrt unb 2Betfe fold)e 2lften, Urtun- 
bett unb 2$erfabren ju beglunbtgen finb unb bte 2Dtrhntg berfelbeit. 

2lbfcbnitt 2. (1.) Die burger elites jeben ©tauten foUen ju ullen 
Prttulegtcn unb greibeiten ber SSitrger in bett Perfd)tebeiteit ©tuutcn be- 
redfttgt fein. 

(2.) 2Beitit eine perfon, lucldte in trgenb cittern ©tuute bc5 fboebper- 
rutbe^, ber gelonie ober unberer 25erbred;ett ungeflugf ift, ficb ber ©ereeb- 


35 a tie SDIecunu 


25 


ftgfeit burcty entjiefjt unb in eittem anbcrenjStaate gefuttbcit tsirb, 
fo foil fte auf 33erlangen ber Gcrecutisbebbroe bed Staated, aud tselcbem fie 
fliid)tete, au^qeltcfert tserben, um it ad) bent ©taate jurucfgebrncljt ju tser- 
ben, tseldter ($)ertd)tdbarfeit itber bad 23erbred)eii bat. 

(3.) Nettie ycrfcn, tseldje ju ©tenft ober 3 lrbctt tit cittern ©taate ttit- 
ter beffett (Sjefejjen serbunben ift tutb in eiitcit anberen ©taat entfliebt, fell 
tit ffolge irgenb eiited ($efet)ed ober enter 33 erorbuuitg beffelben son foldjent 
3)tenft ober fo(d)cr Arbeit antlajfen tserben, fonbcnt foil auf 23erlangen ber 
ff'erfott, tselcber fold)er £)ienft ober fold)C Slvbett fcl)tilbtg fetn mag, aitdgc* 
liefert tserben. 

2lbfd)nitt 3. (1.) ffteue <5taaten ntogett sent Songrep in btefe Unton 
aufgeitommeit tserben; bocb foil fetn neuer @taat tititerbalb ber (SJericbtd- 
barfeit eiited anbereit, nod) bnrd) 25ereinigung jtscier ober ntebrerer 0taa- 
ten, nod) Xpeilen son S'taaten gebilbet ober erriebtet tserben, ol)ne biett'in- 
tstttigung ber 4?egidlaturett ber betreffenben 0taaten fotsol)l aid bed 
Gtongreffed. 

(2.) Dcr dottgrep foil bt’e Wacbt baben, itber bad (SJebiet ber 33erciitig=* 
ten 'St.tatcn unb anbered bcnfelben gel)breubed Grtgentbunt ju serfitgen unb 
a lie tit $3ejug barauf notliigcn SRegeltt ttnb 3lttorbnungen $u ntacben ; uttb 
.nidttd in biefer donftitution foil fo gebeutet tserben, bap irgenb tselcbe 3lit- 
fsritd)e ber 33erctittgten ^taaten ober cined cinjelnen 0taated bccintrad)- 
ftgt tserben. 

Slbfcpnitt 4. “Die 33ereinigten ©taaten follen febent ©taatc biefer Union 
due republtfaitifcbe Otegierungdform gctsd'brleiften unb febett berfelbeit gegen 
feirtblicpe Slngrtjfe befebti^en; unb auf @rfuci)cn ber Vegidlatur ober (tsemt 
biefe iticbt jufammenberufen tserben faun) ber ddecutisc, gegen ctnl)ci- 
nttfepe ©etsalttbatigfeiten. 

Slvtifel V. 

£)er Gtcttgrep foil, fobalb ed jtsei Drittpeile ber bdbett #attfer fur noting 
palten, Slmeitbementd gu biefer Sonfiitutton sovfd)lageit obc£ er foil auf 
(Srfudieit ber ?egtdlaturett son jtset Drittcl ber etttjelncn ©taaten, cine 
Soitsention berufett, um 2 lmenbementd sor,;itfd)lageit, bte tit febent ber 
beiben Oralle, fitr a lie 3 tsedea!d Sped biefer Sonftitutton giiltig feut follen 
fobalb fte burd) b e 2 egtdlaturcit sou ©reisiertel ber serfcpiebeitcit ©taaten, 
ober in Gonsention burd) "Dreisiertel berfelbeit ratipjirt ftnb, fe nadjbent 
bie etite ober bt'e aubcrc tZBetfe ber 9iatififation sont (iottgrep sorgeidjlagctt 
fet'it mag; bod) tstro beftintmt, bap feitt Slmenbement, tsclcped sor bent 
3 apre (Stitiaufenb 2 lc^tf>uitbert unb 21 d)t gcntad)t tsurbe, tit irgenb citter 
SBetfe bte erftc unb bie sierte iUaufel in bent neuttten 3 lbfd)ititt bed erftcit 
Slrttfcld berii^ren foil; unb bap fetttem ©taatc ol)ite feitte ^uftintmung 
feinc gleid)mdptgc Stimmbercdjtigung tnt 0 enat genommen tserben barf* 

2U-tt?cl VI. 

Slbfdntitt 1 . 3llle sor ber Slnnalnnc biefer donjfitution eontrabirten 
0 cl)ulbcit nub eittgegangenen 25erbinblic^fciten follen ttnter biefer (Soufti* 
tutton ebenfo giiltig gegen bie 33 eremtgten ©taaten feitt, tsie unter ber 
Sonfbberatiou. 

3lbfd)ttitt 2. £)tcfe Sonfit'tution unb bie (Sjefcl^c, tselcbe t'tt Ueberetn- 
ftimmurrg bamit gcmad)t tserben, uttb alle 33ertrdge, trelcl^e ttnter ber 31 u- 

2 


26 


2$abe s U?ccum. 


ioritat bev SScrctntgtcn ©taaten abgrfc^Ioffen ftnb ober nod) a&gefttyloffen 
screen, [often ba^ obevfic (5)e[etj be 3 SJanbeg [etn, unb bte j)i id) ter in jebem 
©taate [often [id) barnad) ridjten, ungeaddet entgegenftebenber SSeftim- 
uuutgen ber Conftitutton ober ber Ckfefte in trgenb etnem ©taate. 

9ll?[djnitt 3. X)ie borfter erroatmteu ©enatoren unb jRepraientanten, 
unb bic 9JiitgItcber ber ber[d)tebenen ©taatg*2egt0laturen, unb allc Crceu* 
tty = unb ridjterlidjen 33eamten, [otoold ber 53ereinigten ©tauten, tote ber 
einjelnen ©taaten [often bunt Sib ober 33efrdfttgung an CibeSftatt [tdj 
berpfltdtten, bte Conftitutton gu unterftiiften, a ber nid)td, n>a£ [id) anf fKe* 
Itgtott bejtebt, [oft je erforbert roerben alb 23efa'btgitng fur trgenb cin 2lmt 
ober etneu 23ertrauenbpoften unter ben tOereinigten ©taatcru 

SlrtiM vii. 

Die STatififation burd) Conbcntioncn yon nettn ©taaten [oft genugeub 
fetn fur bte (Stablirung biefer Conftttution pt[d)cit ben bie[elben rattftjt- 
rcubett ©taaten. 

SSoU^ognt tnJ£onbentton, burd) einmutftige Setfttmmung ber gegrn- 
ibdrtigenj-^taaten, ant ftebenjef>nten&age bed Septembers), tnt ^abre 
un[cred fDerrtt Sin Xaufenb ©ieben fbuntert unb ©iebett unb 
2 tc|)tjtg, unb im jroiHften 3al;rc ber Ungbfyang.igfeit ber 93ereinigtcn # 
©taaten bon Slmerifa. 

Bunt 3cugntp bejfen fyaben toir unter btefed uu[ere Barnett unterjeidjnet. 

(George SSafftingtim, 

$rd[ibent unb Oputirter bon Virginia. 

9?etb-^amp[l)trc. — ^ohtt ftangbon, PTidroIae (Piltnan. 

9)fa[fad(mfettd. — VTatlfanial <5orl)am, 'Kufus 2\ing. 

Connecticut. — William ©amuel 3ol)n|on, lionet* ©berman, 
"Kid) at* 6 23a|Teff, 3acob iu*oom. 

9?eto=gjorf. — Slleyanbet* Hamilton. 

. SWmcyfoitb. — nic^enry, iTaniel of ©t. TCbomae 3cni* 

ter, iDaniel (Tan-oll. 

9ieto=3er[cp. — William CioingfTon, 3Taoi6 23eeat*ly, William 
Patter) on, ©onatl^an TDayton. * 

Virginia. — 3ol)n 33Iair, Raines lllabifon, jt\ 

yennfyloaitta. — benjamin f ran Flirt, TEbomae TTtifflin, Tvobert 
ITTot*n 0 , ®eoftte (EIymer, Cbomas ^ttgftmmone, 3arefc 3n0er* 
toll, 3amee Wilton, ©ouverneue mortis. 

^ortl) Caroling. — William Blount, Tout at 6 3Tobbs ©painbt, 
gugl) Williamfon. ' J ' 

©ontl) Carolina. — 3ol)n ‘Kutlebge, (Clarice Coteewoctl) pindf* 
ney, Charles pimfney, pierce3mler. 

©clatoarc. — <Peot*ac Twab, (Punning 25ebforb, it*., 3^1)^ 
TTitftnfon. ,: 

(Georgia, — William Jew, ?ibfal)am 25al6tt>in. 

93eglflubigt, William 3acFfon, ©efretdr. 


$ a b c Wit c u m. 

3fmcnftmcttt$ jur C&uitfHtuttoit. 


27 


STvtiM I. 

'Ter (Songrejf felt Fern (Sefef? ntacben tit Sejug auf bte fTWtgton ober 
toelcbeg bte frete 5lu git bung berfelben i>crbietet, ober toeicbeg bte ffreibeit ber 
9tcbe ober ber $reffe oerfurjt ober bag 9^edjt beg Golfed fid) friebltd) ju 
berfammeln uitb bte Sftegierung unt 2lbftedung son 23efd;werben ju bitten, 

‘ 2trtifcl II. 

Da etne gebertg regultrte 5J?tlt§ notbtoenbtg fur bte ©idterbeit ciitcg 
frcteit ©taateg ift, fo fod Fein (Stngrtff in bag 3ied;t beg SColfeg ftatti;aft 
fetn, SBaffen $u (jalten unb ju tragen. 

2(vtif’cl m. 

5betn <Solbat foil tit Srtebengjettcn tit etn $attg obne 3nfHmmurtg beg 
(Stgcntbunterg eiiiqitnrtirt toerben, uttb and) nidjt in $riegg$eiten, attgge- 
ttommen itt einer 00 m ($efe£ norgefcbriebciten 2Xrt unb SBeife. 

SlrftM IV. 

Dag fftedit beg $o(feg auf ©td)erung ber fperfon, beg £aufeg, ber 
^paptere unb (Sffecten gegen unbtdtge Durcbfudtungen unb 33efd)Iaguabmen 
foil nidit oerleld toerbeit, unb £)aft* ober Durdifudntngg=23efeb(e fotteit nur 
auggeftedt toerben, roenn toabrfd;eintid)cr ©rttitb bafiir oorbanuen tft, ber 
auf (Sib ober Slttgfage an (Sibegftatt geftufjt tft, unb eg foden ber fPlad, 
toeld;er burd;fud;t toerben fod, unb bie fPerfoneit ober <g>ad;cn, toeldje in 
©etoabtfant genontuten toerben foden, gettau befdjrteben toerben. 

2lrtifel V. 

9?temanb fod toegen eiiteg (Sapttal* ober anbertocitig tnfamen ^erbredteng 
^ur 23eranttoortung gejogett toerben, ioeitit er itid;t tnut einer.(3Jranb=3ur9 
tit 5lnflage»3 u ftanb oerfetjt ift, auggeitomnten itt ftadcit, bie itt ber ^rntee 
ober ftlottc eittftcben, ober in ber s )J?t(t*, toeitit fie in actioem Dtenft ift, tit 
Reiten beg 5triegeg ober bjfentlidjer ®efat)r; aud; fod feme $erfon fur bag* 
felbe iBcrgebctt gtoetmal itt (55efat>r fetiteg £ebeitg ober fetiteg Slbrperg 
gcbrad;t toerbett; aud) fod er uid)t gejtoungen toerbett tit einent (Srimittal- 
fade gegeu fid) felbft alg 3 eii ge aufjutreteit; eg fod ibtn nid;t Seben, 3rct* 
ijcit ober iSigcnttium ot)ue gcborigeit gcfe£lid;cit $roce§ gettoiunteit toerbett; 
unb eg fod aud; fetn 'Prioat=(Sigentt)um of;ite attgenteffene (Snffc|)dbtgung 
fur bffcntlid;en ©ebraucf) geitotunteu toerbeit. 

Sfrttfel vi. 

3n adeit (SrimtnaF* Bcrfoigungeit fod ber 2IttgeFlagte bag 9 f Jed)t babett, 
auf cine fd;nede unb bffentlid)e fprojefftruttg bur n etne ttnparteitfdic 3un; 
beg Staatcg unb beg Diftriftg, in toefdtem bag $crbrcd)ett oeriibt lourbe; 
toeldter Diftrift oorfier bttrd; ®efe£ fcftgeftedt feiit fod: unb er fod bag 
ked;t fjaben non bent SBcfett unb ber Urfad;e ber Slttfiage unterriebtet *u 
ioerben; fetne SeFafturiggjeugen gegenubergeftedt ju toerbeit; feinc (Sitt* 
laiTunggseugeit burd; gcrid;tlid;en 33efebl nortabeit ^u laffen, unb ben 
23etftanb etneg 9iecbtgantoaltg fur feine 5Bertbeibtgttng ju f;aben. 



28 


55 abe 9ftecum* 


2lrtifcl VII. 

3n Ctlagen nad) bent ©entetuett IRedjt foil, Wentt ber ©crtlj bed flrctti- 
gctt ©egenftanbed jwnnjig Dollar* itberfteigt, bad dM)t auf (Sntfc^eiMutg 
burd) 03efdnyoreit=05eridjte aufrecbt erfyatten bleibctt, uitb Fein ^atbeftanb, 
ber yon enter 3nr^ unterfudd ift, foil in irgenb etnent ©criditdbofe ber 
53creintgten ©taaten tit anberer 5Bcife noc$ntald gepriift tverben aid ttad) 
bnt Sftegeln bed ©emeincit ^tcdjtd, 

ZlvtiM viii. 

Uebnrma§tgc 53itrgfd)aft foil ntdjt yerlangt tterben unb ubertrtebette 
©elbftrafen, fonne graufante unb mtgciybtjnltdje ©trafen follett ntd?t auf- 
erlcgt tyerben. 

2lvti6cl IX. 

Tie 5luf$dblung geiytffer 9£ed>te in ber (Conftitution foil nidjt fo audgc* 
legt tyerben, baj) anbcre JKcdite, tocld;e ba^ 53clf bet)dlt, yerueint obcr yer- 
Fiirjt tverben. 

2U-ttfel X. 

Tie Waddbefttgniffe, tyeld)e burd) btefe (Conftitution bnt 55ereinigten 
©taaten nicbt ubertragen unb and) ben einjflneu ©taaten nid)t oorcntjjal- 
tcn tyerben, fittb ben einjelnen ^taaten ober bent 23olfe yorbetyaltetu 

21 mm xi. 

Tie rid)terlidte ©ctyalt ber 53ereintgten ©taaten foil ftd) nicbt auf $ro- 
jeffe erftreden, bie gegeit eiiteit ber 25ercinigtcn ©taaten yon 23tirgern etned 
nnberen ©taated obcr yon 53urgern ober Untert^aneit irgenb eined.fremben 
©taated angeftrengt finb. 

2(rtifel XII. 

5lbfcfntitt 1. Tie (SleFtoren follett in t'bren refpeftiyen ©tauten jufam- 
mentreten unb burd) ©timmjettel fur fPrafibent unb 23 ice - s p r a ft b en t ftirn* 
men, yon beuett minbeftend ettter nicbt attd bemfelben ©taate feitt batf, 
and tyeld;em bie (Sleftoren ftttb; fie follen in ibrcit ^timmjetteln bie ^er* 
foit benettnett, fur bie aid $rdjtbcnt geftimntt tytrb; unb in befonberen 
©timmjetteln bie fPcrfon, fiir bie aid SBice-^rafibent geftimntt nnrb; unb 
fie foilen befottbere £iften aller f)erfcnett anferttgen, fiir bie aid ^rdfibent 
geftintnit tourbe, unb aller fperfonett, fiir bie aid !Btce*fPrdfibent geftimntt 
tuurbe, unb bie 3^1 ber ©timmen fiir febett. Ttcfe £iftett follett fie tut* 
tcrjeicbneu unb beglaubtgett unb ycrfiegelt ttad) bent ©i£ ber ^iegicruttg 
ber 23ereinigteit ©taaten febiefen, abrejfirt an ben fprdfibentett bed ©enatd. 
Ter 5>rafibent bed ©enatd foil tit ©egentyart bed ©enatd unb bed Ffteprd- 
feutantntbaufed' aUe bie (Certificate ojrfnen unb bie ©tinmen follett battn 
gejd’blt tyerben; bie fPerfon, tycldje bie grbfjte 5litjabl ©ttntmen fiir fprd« 
fibent bat, nnrb fPrdfibent fetn, menit fene 2lttjal)l et'ite Waforitdt ber 03c* 
fammtjabl ber ernannten Gcleftoren ift; unb menu fciite fPerfott eine foldje 
*Ufajoritdt bat, bann foil bad ^cprafcittantenbaud aud ber Sifte berjenigett, 
fiir bie aid fprdftbent geftintnit nutrbe, unter ben brei fperfonen, tyelcbc bie 
meifteu ©timnten erfyalteit, jebod) ntci)t mebr aid brei, fofort buuf) ©tintm* 


2>abe 3Recum. 


29 


jet tel bett fprdftbenten todblm. 9lber bet (Srtvd'blung bed ^raftbenten fol=* 
lett bic ©ttmmcn ttacb ^ tauten gcredmet toerbett, fo ba§ bte Oteprdfenta* 
tton you febent ©taate nur etne ^tirnme bat; eitt ^Quorum" fur btefett 
flut’d [ott befteben aud ctitcm fWitglieb ober s )j?ttgltebern oott jloet ISDrittel 
ber ©tauten, uitb etne Waforitat idmnttltcfier ©tauten foil notbtoettbig jit 
ciner 9Bat)l fetn. Hub toenn bad 9feprdfentantenl)aud, toenn imttter bad 
3fccbt bev (£rtodl)Iung tl) n jufaden follte, bid juttt ttddtften oierten arj 
ettiett fPrdftbettteit ntd>t tod’blen follte, burnt foil ber 33ice=^prdftbcnt fungi- 
vett, tine tit bent gall bey Xobed ober anberer conjlitutioneUer Unfdtugfeit 
bed yrdfibenten, 

Slbfdniitt 2. Tie yerfott, tocldte bte grb§te Slnjafd ber ©timmeit fur 
9stce= s ])ra(tbent bat, menu foldje 3nbl etne iWajcrttdt ber ftjefammtjafd ber 
eritannteu (Sleftoren ift, unb menu Fetne $erfott etne Waforitdt bat, batttt 
foil ber ©enat uuter ben beibnt £>ocbften auf ber iMfte etne it 23tce=d)3rdfi- 
bctttcit toatylen; eitt „Quorum" fur btefnt foil befteben aud jtoet 
£rittel ber (S3efammtjat)l ber ©eitatoren unb etne Diajorttdt ber (i3e= 
fammtjabt foil itotbtoenbtg ju cuter 2Babl fettt* 

5lbfcbnttt 3. 2tber fctite fPcrfou, bte ttacb ber Souftitution nid)t toolbar 
fur bad 9lntt bed fPraftbenten tft, foil tod'blbar fur bad 2lntt bed 23tce=53rd- 
fibenten ber SSereuitgteu ©taateu fetn, 

SU-tifcl XIII. 

5lbfcbnttt 1. 2Beber ©ffaoeret, nod) unfret'totdtge Dtenftbarfett, and- 
penontmett fur eitt 2>erbred>cn, beffen bte $)erfon ttt gebbrtger UBet'fe itber- 
fubrt fettt mu§, foil ttt ben 23eretnigten ©tauten ober an trgcnb einent 
531 a be, ber t'brcr guridbictiou uittenuorfeit ift, ejrifttren. 

2lbfd)nftt 2. £>er (Songrejf foil bte s DD?adt)t babett, btefett 9lvtifel burd) 
gccignete ($efe£gcbung $ur Sludfuljrung ju briitgeit. 

Slrtifcl XIV. 

9Ibfcbnttt 1. 9Ide 53erfonen, toeldte ttt ben 33eretntgten ©tauten gebo* 
rett ober naturalifirt unb ber ©erictotdbarfeit berfflbett untertoorfen ftttb, 
ftnb burger ber JDetteinigten ©tauten unb bed ©taated, itt toelcbent fie 
mobiten. $eitt ©taut foil trgettb eitt ©efe$ cr!a|fett, ober jur Sludfubrung 
brmgen, toelcbed bte jKcditc unb greibeiten doit ^urgent ber tSereimgten 
©tauten befdirdnft; aud) foil fettt etaat trgettb etner 53erfon obtte get)brt= 
ged <#ertcl)tdoerfa()reit i!cbctt, gretbett ober (Stgentbum ncbmeit; ttttb cr 
foil ferner feitter ^Perfott bett gletcbctt ^d;utt ber Giefe^c oenoeigent. 

SIbfdmttt 2. 9teprafentanten fodett unter bte oerfebtebettett 0taaten 
ttad) s 33?a§gabe ber (Stmoobnerjabl ber lc0teren jugetbcilt toerbett, ittbem 
bte ©efamint^ab ber 53erfonen ttt j’ebem ^staate, mtt 2ludfcblu§ ber iiidtt 
©truer jableuben Snbtaner, gejdblt toirb; aber menu trgettb etnem ber 
lndttitltdieit Stittoobner ettted ©taated, tocldjcr etttunbjmanjtg gabre alt 
unb burger ber 58erettttgten ©taateu tft, bad 3lccbt oermeigert toirb, ttt 
etttcr 333abl fur Sleftoren bed 53rdfibenten unb 23tce=53rdftbenten ber 25er- 
etittgtcn ©taaten, ber Sleprafentanten tttt (Soitgrefj, ber tSrecutio- ttttb (f3e- 
rid)td*93eamteit ettted foldjett ©taated, ober ber Witglieoer ber ^egtdlatur 
bejfelben, jit fttntmen, ober toentt btefed 3lcd)t ttt trgettb etttcr 9Bei[e unb 
aud trgettb etnetn attberit (SJrunbe, aid toegett tBetbbtltgung an ber yfebel- 
lion ober att anberen ^erbreebett, oerfitrjt toirb, fo foil bte 33aftd ber 3le^ 


30 


33abe 9ft ecu m* 


prafentatton tit foId)em ©taate tit bemfelbeit 33erbaftnt^ pernngert merbeit, 
tit melcljem btc 3al)l fbtdber mditnltcbcn 3?urfter, ju ber ©cfammtjabl ber 
tndnultcben, etttuitbjmaitjtg 3abre alteit 23itrger tn fclt^cm Staate ftebt. 

2lbfdmttt 3. petite $erfon foil cut (Senator ober Sfteprdfentant tnt Son* 
gre§, ober Sleftor fur ^rdftbent ober ;btce=$rdftbent fetit ober trgenb ettt 
Strut* ober 9ftt(itdr=2Imt mttcr belt 23erctntgten ^taaten ober etnem ein* 
jeliten Staatc bcfleibctt, meldie, nad)bem fie fritter aid 'Dftttgltcb bed Son* 
greffed ober aid 33eamten ber Soereinigteit Sntatcu ober aid ’ftittglteb ettter 
0taatd=£egtdlatur, peer aid Srccutio* ober @erid)tdbcamter trgenb ciitcd 
Staated, belt Sib geletftet batte, bte Sonftitntion ber 2>crcintgtcn Staaten 
ju mttrrftufien tutb ait ber gnfurrefttou ober 9tebcIlton gegen btcfelbeit 
tbetlnabnt, ober ibreit getnbcit £>it(fe ttnb Unterftlttjuug gab. 3tbcr ber 
Songrefjt ntag nttt enter 2lbjlimntung o'ott jmet Drittel jebed £>aufed, foldie 
linfabigfettberflaruiigeii aufbebcit. 

2lbfd)nttt 4. Sic ©ulttgfctt ber bffetttltduut, burd) <15efc^ autorifirtcit 
Sdmib ber ^ereinigteit Studteit, ciufcbitepltd) ber Scbttlben, tr*eld;e fur 
3nt)tung Pon $enftonen uitb Sdienfuitgcit (Bounties) fur bte bet ber 
Itnterbrurfung ber gnfurreftton unb b>febclltott geletfletett Dtenfte, gemad)t 
murben, foil nidit in 3 rage g eft ettt merben. 91 ber toeber bte 93eretnrgfeit 
©taaten nod) trgenb etit Staat follen ed iibcrnehntcit, trgenb einc ^dndb 
jit jablen ober 93erbtitbltd)feti:en ju erfullen, mcld)c ubernommcit murben, 
unt ber 3nfitrrefttpn ober Rebellion gegen bte Dcreintgtcit ©taaten tu bcl* 
feit, uttb fplien kitten 9Infprud) auf Sntfdidbtguiig megen ©.mancipation 
trgenb etited ©ftapen befrtcbtgcn, fonbern alle foldjc ©djulbt'it uitb 23er* 
btnbltcbfcttcit folk it ungefeijltd) ttnb ntdjtig fetit* 

9lbfd)nitt 5. Der Songrefjt foil bte s lVad)t babett, bttrd) geeignete ©c* 
fettgebmtg bie $3e[timmuitgett btefed 2lrttkld jttr 2ludfitl)ruug ju brtitgcit* 

Zlvtifcl XV. 

9lbf_d)ittlt 1. Dad fftedit ber 93itrger ber 2Sereintgkn ©taaten jit flint* 
men, foil meber poit ben 93cretntgteit ©taaten itocp won etnem ©taatc per* 
mcigert ober perfngt merben megen 3tace, garbe ober fritt}ercn 3uftanbed 
ber Unfreibeit. 

9Ibfd)itttt 2. Der Songrcff foil btc ©email t>aben / btefen SIrttfcI buref) 
geetgnete ©efe^gebung jur 2lubfitt)rung jit bringett. 


21 it nt e r f u it g. — 23et ber otertcit 4kdftbcittett=®abl mareit Jboniad 
3cfferfott ttttb Slarort 23ttrr Demofraten*Sanbtbaten fitr ^raftbent unb 
^tcc^prdftbcitr. (Die 2bat)Utfte ergab @timmengleid)bett. 3m 9tepra* 
fentantenbaud gelang ed ^urr, burd) bte gittrigue, citte $artet aufjubriu* 
geit, btc fitr it)it nuiblte, uttb bad -paud mar batter pollftdnbig ge betlt. Sttt 
jtemltd) t)eftiger Streit mdbrte nu'brere iage lang, fo, ba§ fogar franfe 
’JJittglteber attf ibreit 23ctien jum 3ieprdfentautenbaufe gebradtr murben. 
Sitbltd) jog ftcb ettter poit 23ttrr’d 2lnbdngent jururf, uitb gefferfoit murbe 
mit D^afontat pou etiter Stimntc gemdbit, meldied titr 9Innabme bed 2lr* 
ttfeld XII 9tnlap gab. 




33cut*e Wecunt. 


3 L 


Hitr^o Ucberjtd>t fcer £ eb cit $ <{ cfd) i d) tc fret grafts 
lenten free f&ereuitgteu 0 taatcin 


Sg ift ntd)t tmfere Vlb[td)t, btc gattje VebenggefdncBte ter $rd[tbentcit, 
meldie btefe gro§e Nation regtert Batten, ttteber ju fdvetben, bod) glaubten 
tt>tr, ba§ etnc furje Ucbcrft^t jmedntdftg fetit unb Baupt[dd)lid) bet grent- 
ben gnterejfe erregen mirb. 

(George 3I>afbtt:gtott. 3Bcr Bat tttdjt son b’cfcnt grojett V3e- 
freter, bent erflen $ra[t button gelefen ? Sr mar am 22. gebruar 1732 ge* 
boron. ©cineg V[aterg ante mar Vlugufttn VBa[f)tngton, mtb ber [cuter 
flutter, mclcbc btc jmcite grau mar, Wan) V3all, ber i^ver £ctratl). SSott 
Sugenb an offenbarte [id) eitte eble ©cmutbgftintmung bci ibnt. Wit 19 
gabren mnrbe er turn Wafer cber Vacfelilgtnibcr eineg milttdrtfcben ©t= 
[rriftg ernannt. VI g Solonel etner Srpebttion mar er tie nn[d)iitbtgc Ur* 
facbe ctneg [icbcnfdbrtgeit dr teg eg jmifdicn granfretd) unb Snglanb, bte fid) 
tint bte 3 f 9 11111 ben V3e[tt? beg DBtcjlnffeg [iritten. 3m game 1775 mar 
er Cbcrbtfct)lg{)aber ber amerifani[d).en Xrnppen. ©er V3eruf mar ein [cl)r 
gefd'brltcbcr. ©ic Solonten batten feme glettc unb feme organifirte Vlr= 
mee, md brent Snglanb anbererieitg etnc ber [tdifftut militarise# Wddifc 
mar. Sublid) nad) btelctt ddmpfett, Vlteberlagen unb ©iegen, murbe ber 
Vlmertfantfdien Vlrntee, am 19. Vlprtl 1783, ad)t gafire nad) ber Uttab* 
l)dngtgfettgerffdrnna, befannt gcmad)t,- tafj ein gricbeugyertrag tit $)arig 
ttnterjeidmet morbeit man 

Vim 4. ©ejentber na^nt VQaffungton Vlbfditeb ben [etner Vlrntee unb 
gtng nad) [enter VBobttung, auf „Wonnt sgertton", jttruef. Vlttf bent 
28cg, am 13. ©ejentber 1783 retd)tc er bent SontincntaOSongref), jn ber 
3eit in Vlnnapoltg yetfamntelt, [etnc iTieftgnatioit etn. Wan fanb eg nun 
notbmenbig, bte Vtegterung ber breijcl)tt ©faaten auf etner anb.rnt V?a[ig 
jn etabliveit. ©emgentaf murbe, tm 3al)re 1787, etn Sonyent ttt 5)l)ita- 
belpbia $u[ammenbcrufen, ju bent VBafbingtoit atg ©elegat yon VJtrgtttat 
ge[anbt murbe, unb etitfltmmtg jum $Jr.g|tfcenten beg Soiiyentg gemablt 
murbe. Dbige Solicitation mar bag Viefultat ttc[eg 3u[anfmentrttt$; [tc 
murbe attgenommen unb V3a[btitgton murbe cmjtimmig $um erfteit ^ra* 
[ibenteu gemablt. Vint 3. Vlprtl 1789 murbe tfjht bag Vlntt fe'erltd) yerlte- 
Beit, nad) Vlblauf yon yter gat)rcn murbe er mtebcrgemdl)(t, btentad) jog er 
[id) yom ©taatgleben jurutf. Vim ©ant[tag bcit 14. ©ciembcr 1799 ftarb 
er. Vint 9. 3auuar 1800 murbe [cine 2etd)c ju „Wount Viernon" begrabett. 

Xtohtt 3{framS, ber jmeitc ^rdftbent ber Vkrciniaten ©tanten, mar 
ttt Quincy, Wajfadntfettg, am 30. Oftobcr 1735 geborett. ©ein Witer 
motlte it)n jum yfarrer ber $re[py:ertant[cBen dtrdie augbilben la (Jen, aber 
ber dttabe fanb, mie ytele anbereit, feinen (9e[d)ntarf an ben V3ttd)ern unb 
auf bte grage [etitcg Vaaterg^mag er merbett molite, [agte er: gel) mill 
Vattbbauer (farmer) merbett. Vhttt gut, [agte [etn Water, bantt ift eg jebt 
8eit, ba§ bit bag ©ptelen aufgieb[t unb jit arteiten aitfditgft. Sr mar ba- 
maid yierjel)it gabve alt. Vint ndd)[teit Worgen gittg er itt’g gelb an bie 
Vlrbcit, aber alg er Vlbetibg utitbe nad) ^aitfe fam, ent[d)lo§ er [id) junt 



32 


SSabe Sftecwm. 


©tubiren. ©cut 95atcr fcfn’cfte gem gur ©dntle. 9D7tt fed&gefm 3af>- 
reit trat er tit „£>artoarb Sottege" eitt, two er tit 1755 grabuirte. 3nt SI l- 
ter t>on 22 3<tt>rcn erbffnetc cr fein S3iirean alb Slbtoofat. 3 U Sfnfang ber 
geinbfeltgfeiten gwtfdjen belt Solonien unb ber englifeben Siegierung fameit 
toiele 3ufantmenftg§e gwifdjett ben ©foil- unb SSiilitdr» Slutoritdtcn to or. 
Sibamb toerttyetbigte imttter bte Sitoil-Sfladit, unb fjduftg nttt glucflicbcm Sr- 
folg. Sr war etner ber fitnf SMegaten, bic tit 1774 gum Songreg nad 
$)l)tlabel)dia gefdiirft wurben. Sibamb war cin aubgegeidneter SRebncr. 
3m SJionat Stotoember, 1777, tvttrbe cr anftatt ©ilab r £uanealb Dclcgtr- 
ter it ad) graitfretd) gcfd)id‘t, nttt bent Sluftrag, fid) mit ffranflttt unb 2ee, 
bte fd)on bort waren, gu benttden, £mlfe tooit itjiten git bcfommnt. Sr 
lain ant 8. Slprit in $artb an ttitb wurbe fct>r frcunbfdaftlid) toont £ofe 
tutb toom 23olfe aitfgeitommcn. 3» ber 3 clt febtc er febr fparfant, tint fei- 
itcnt 2attbe iiidit gur 2aft gu fatten. 2)er Slttiang- S3ertrag war toor feiner . 
Slttfuttfl fdwtt uutergctdmet worben. Ta cr [cine ©egenwart fitr unnbtbig 
f>ie(t, befdilop cr, foglcid gttrucfgufeljrcn, unb lam ant 2. Slugttft 1779 wie- 
ber tit 33cfton att. Sint 13. Stotoember beffelben 3abrc3 ging Sibamb nad) 
Sitglanb nt 1 1 ber SJitffton, ctttcit 23ertrag nttt Snglanb git utadicn, fobalb 
eb bagtt bereit fein fotttc. 58ei btefer ©dcgcnlwit war Sibamb nid)t tn Silt- 
Kang mit granfltn, tutb nadjbent er etntge SOortc nttt bent frattgoftfden 
S3iiniftcr, ©raf toon Bergemteb, gefprodieit batte, nttfdlofj cr ficl), nad bett 
SZieberlanbett git gcticn, wo cr gute 'Dtenfte that, tttbcm cr cine Slnlcilw 
ntadjtc tutb tot'eic f5anbelb=S>ortl)cile ficberte, wofiir ifjm ber Songrcg feinett 
27 a n f attbfprad;. S3 gclang iljnt, fid; alb 24 nt e r if an t f cb er ©efanbter aner- 
feniteit gu laffert uttb fonitte ben gweiten Sldtang-SSertrag anfuntigcit. Sint 
24. gebruar 17^5, alb ber ftricbcub»crtrag mit Snglanb untcrgciduct wor¬ 
ben war, wurbe Sibamb gum ©efanbtcit nad) bent Sourt toon ©f. 3antcb 
gewa’blt. Sllb bic Sonftitution aitgcnontnien wurbe, wurbe Slbantb gum 
SBtce-fPrafibentcn ber SSercinigtett ©taaten gewa'blt. Jrofc ben Slnftreng- 
ttngcn ber bcmofratifdjen 5>artet, bte Sibamb anflagten, cine monarddde 
S?ctgitttg git babcit, wurbe er Wieber gum 23tce - SJrajtbentett gewa’blt. Sint 
4. S)?arg 1797 wurbe itjrn bab Slntt beb ^rafibenten ttbetgeben. Si ad) 
SSerftufj feitteb Jermt’nb gog ficb Slbamb itt’b fpritoatleben guviitf, unb bab 
eingige ^ritoilegium, bab cr befant, war Sjrcmption toon ben $?oft'Jarett auf 
33t'iefe, von dm gefanbt ober befontntett. Sint 4. 3uli 1826, ftarb er, tut 
Sitter toon ttcungig 3al)ren. 

^efferfott, ber britte fPrafibent, war ant 2. Slprtl 1743 
geborett. Sllb ©duller War er ber ©iinftling, fowobl feiner ^antcrabcn wic v 
dud) feiner 2ebrcrr. 3m 3al)rc 1760 trat er tit’b Sottege etn. Wo er grofartig 
wol)iite, fd)bue ^ferbe biclt unb gut in ©efcllfdmft entpfangett wurbe. 3nt 
gweiten 3at)r gab cr biefe SSergttuguugcn auf, tun feine 3n’t gang bent 
©tubium wibtncit gu fbniten. 'Sllb'cr bab Sollcge toerlaffctt tjattc, befant 
er cine ©telle ini bureau beb Slboofaten 5Bt;tb. 3n 1772 tjeiratljctc cr 
cine fetn* fdwite unb reidje SBittwe, Siamcnb Sliarp ©felton, wdcltc ibm 
40,000 Slcfer 2aub unb 135 ^flatoeit ntitbradjtc. Jroft biefeb S>ergnu- 
geub war cr tmtiter gegen ©ftatoerci. 3nt 3abrc 1774 tocrbffentlicfdc 
3cfferfott eine ©ebrift u it ter bent Jitcl: burger Slubgug, bic Sicd)te »on 
S3ritif4)'3lmcrifa betreffenb. Jicfelbe war fo attraftito, bit§ toiele Slubga- 
bcit batoon in Snglanb gebrudt wuvbcn. Scffcrfott t)at bie Unat^angig- 


9?abe M ecum. 


33 


fcitg-Srfldrung gefdjrteben, tie yon uitb granflin jucrjt unb fpdter 

tnt Songre§'gcanbert tuitrbc. 3n 1779 murbe 3efferfoit jum (Siouyirtteuryott 
Virginia grmafilt. 3m 9toyember 1782 murbe er alg (35efaubter it ad) 
Snglanb gefd)tcft, urn etnen 33ertrag ju ycrmittelu. 3u 1781 mar er cut 
Mttglieb yon etitent Committee, melted mit cinem ^rpjeft beauftragt mar, 
tit betreff ber 9fcegierunggform fitr bag grofic Stud Vattb, meldieg bantalg 
alg bag dorbmeftltd)c &errttortum befattnt mar. 3u 1781 mitrbc er junt 
©efattbtcit ernannt unb crldelt fSollmadft, mil frembeit l*anbern 33ertrdge 
ju yermitteln. 3u 1780 mar er tit Conbon unt etnen £anbclg=$ertrag 
ju yermitteln. 3n graitfretd) batten tint bie frantoftfcfjett SUepubltf alter 
gerne. 3u 1789 fant er uadi dnterifa jurucf. ;l£Bg|'l)tngton gab tf;m bag 
Staatg=Sefrctdr=dmt. Sr mttrt-e tnt 3abrc 1797 jum Htce^rd ibentnt 
unb tit 1801 jum fPrdfibenten gemalilt, in 1804 crfoigte fctnc ©teber* 
©at) l auf bnt fp r a ft b e it t c n ft u b 1 burd) eiue grope Majorttat ju ber 3^tt 
mar er G'i 3ulire alt. dig fetit jmcifer lermiit atg 'Prafibcnt abgelaufett 
mar, jog er fid) auf feitt 9atibbang nad) Mcnttcc$o jurucf. dm 4. 3ult 
1826, gerabe 50 3al)re nad) ber Unabt)dngig:eitgcrfldrung, ftarb er im 
dlter oon 83 Barren* 

3amcg ^iibtfoit, ber yierte ^raftbent, murbe am 10. Marj 1751 
ju „Montyelier farin'', 25 Meilcit yon bjcffcrfoit g £>gug, gcboren. 3nt 
3abre 1709 trat er in bag Sollcge ju ^Princeton, yon melcbem ber beruf)mte 
57 of tor ©itbcrfpoou ^igfibeut mar. Mtt jmartjig 3at)reit grabuirte er. 
Mabifott er|d)ien juerft in ber Deffentltdffett jufaittmen mtt 3effcrfon, alg 
23ertf)eibtger ber 9teligiong*$reif)eit. 3u 1776, im dlter yon 20 3a()ren, 
murbe er junt Mitgltcb beg Sonyentg yon ©rgtitra gemat)lt. 3nt folgen* 
bctt 3at)ve mar er eiit Saubibat fur btc (SleneraO'-Bcrfammluttg, ()attc aber 
fetiten Srfolg. 3n 1784 murbe er atg Mitglieb ber Virginia ilegtglatur 
gemdl)lt. 

S_r yerffyeibtgte unb bcidfupte bte Olcyifioit ber altcit ©cfetie, bie db« 
fdi i|fung beg SrJtgeburtgrectjtg, unb bie Stitfubrung yon Oietigiongfreiticit. 
©aft)ington bot ibnt cine ©cfanbtfdia t nad) ©aldington ait unb bag 
^taatg=^efretdr-dmt, mag er augfdilug. 3m 3abrc 1792 mar Mabjfon 
alg bag «£>aupt ber rcpublttdiitjdicn fpartei tin Song rep auerfannt. 3‘ffer = 
fon ernannte 5D’cabtion junt Stggtg*eefretar. 3m Marj 1809 murbe er 
junt fprdfibemeu ber fBeretntgteit Stag ten ermafflt, tiibeut er I22aug 175 
Stimnten befant. dm 18. 3uni 1812 ftiutmte fprafibeitt Mabtfon bent 
Songre§-dft, ilrieg gegeit Snglanb ju erfldren, bei, meld)e Maprcgel ibnt 
aUgemetn gut aufgenpmmen murbe, trot) bcg-©tbcrftanbcg ber fbberalifta 
fdieit $ar ei. dm 4. Ma’rj 1813 murbe it)in bag dmt beg fprdfibentett 
jum jmciten Mai yerliel)ctt unb nad) dblauf biefeg Xeiiitttteg jog er fid) 
nacli Montpelier juritrf Sr milligte fcbod) ein, eiit Migltcb beg Son= 
yeittg ju fein, meld)er in 9iid)moitb jufammentrat, urn tie Sonftttution beg 
Staateg ju reytfirem dm 28. 3unt 1836 ftarb Mabifon, tnt dlter yon 
85 3at)veit. 

<3iamc$ Sftottroc, ber fuitfte ^rdfibent, murbe am 28. dpril 1758 
gcboren unb genoff eiite awggejetdbntte Srjtclnutg. Sr battc bie dbfid)t, 
dbyofat ju merbeit, jog aber fpatcr yor, Xbcil ait bctt grcibeitgfdmpf. it 
fcineg baitbcg ju net)nten. Sr liep fid) bei ©aff)tngton aumerbrit. ^8et 

2* 


34 


33 a be 9)?entm. 


Jtrentoit murbe cr am ©tlbogen permunbet unb jeiebnete ftd) fo aue, ba§ er 
rum Hauptmann erPobcn murbe. ©eneral ©afpington fdjtcfte ibn nad) 
Strginia, urn Dfclruten ju point unb efn Regiment jitfammenjubringcn, 
ton bem cr Dberft fein foIXte* 3m 3apre 1782 murbe cr jum 9??ttglicb 
ber Surginta „91ffembh/' gemablt. 3m fo'genbett 3abr murbe cr ale £e- 
Icgat juni ©ontinental-©ohgre§ gefanbt. 9iad) Sirgtnta tutucfgefcntmen 
firtg cr in ber Stabt Btcbrttfeburg an gn facbmalten. 3n 1789 murbe 
cr jnm ?D(ttglicb bee (Senate ber Scretn’gten Staaten gemablt. ©afpittg- 
ton ernannte itm jtttn ©efanbtcn nad) ber franjbfifcpen Stepublif. 5tur$ 
nad) fetner fRudfepr pon ©uropa murbe cr jum ©ouoetneur non Virginia 
ermSpIt. 33cm fjJraftbenten 3efferfon murbe cr mieber nad) ftranfreid) ae- 
fepieft, megen bem Slitfauf turn ?outjtana, fiir meldjee cr $150,000,000 
bcmilligte. Son Branfreicp ging cr nad) ©nglanb, nm bie amerifantfdien 
Otccbte ale neutral anerfannt ju belommen, unb mm ©nglanb ging cr 
nad) Spanten. 3n 18( 9 tenrbe cr mieber ale ©ouoenteur feinee Staatce 
gemablt, rcftgnirte jcbod) nm bae Staate-Scfrctare-Slmt, melcpee ibm 
ben ^rdftbent Siabtfon gebeten morben mar, aitjttnebmen. Ta ber ^riege- 
Scfretar reftgnirt patte, bcflcibcte cr btefee Stint. 2)ae fPrafibenten-Slmt 
murbe ibm im SMrj 1817 oerliepen, naepbem cr obtte riel Dppofttton ge¬ 
mablt morben mar. ©r murbe jum ^meiten 5Wal gemdltlt unb befam 231 
aue 282 Stimmen. 3m3ftprel825 jog er fid) nad) fetner #cimatp ju 
fParf <t>ill juriicf, beglcitet mit ber allgemcincn Slcbtuitg feiner Sftitbitrger. 
3m 3apre 1830 jog er nacp Stem §Jorf, mo er am 4. 3ult 1831 im Sitter 
pon 73 3aprett ftarb. 

^fol)tt >Qntttct> ber fcd)fte $raftbent ber Sereinigteit 

Staaten, mar am 11. 3uli 1707 in D.uincp, SJtaffacpufctte, geberen. Site 
3htabe beglettetc cr feinen Safer auf feinen jReifen in ©uropa. ©r befuebte 
jucrft cine Stipule in Stmfterbam unb bann trat cr in bie tlnioerfitat *u £ep- 
ben etn. 3n 1770 trat cr in bie Unioerfitat oon £arrarb cut unb ftubirte 
Stcditemiffenfdiaft unter bent ©m. Upcopbilue fparfone, Pott Stemburpport. 
3m 3apre 1791 ctablirte cr fid) aleSlboofat in Soften. 3m 3unt 1794, im 
Sitter Pott 27 3<rbrctt, murbe er jum ©cfanbten nad) bett Slieberlanbett cr- 
namtt. 3u 1797 murbe cr junt ©efattbtcn nad) Portugal ernannt, auf 
bem S3ege erbtclt cr jcbod) Drbre, in bonbon $u bletben uttb bort auf mei* 
tore 3uftructionen ju marten. ©)iefe fantett unb gabett ipnt bie Stclle bee 
©cfanbten in Scrim mo cr in 1797 anfam unb bie 1799 blieb. 3m 3flprc 
1809 murbe cr ale Slmbaffabor nad) St. S-'ctereburg gefanbt. 3n 1811 
murbe cr Pon fPrafibcnt Sfabtfon jit Oiicbter bee Dbergcricpteamte ernannt, 
meltbe Stellc cr jcbod) auefd)lug. 3n 1815 mar er ©efanbter in f'onbott. 
©tttcr ber mtdttigftcn 3^9 e feiner ^rafibentfcpaft mar ber Slnfauf pon Bio¬ 
tic a fiir tic Sum me non $5,000,000. 3m 3apre 1825 murbe cr jttm 
5?raftbcntfn gcmaplt, jcbod) niept obtte Dppofitiott. 3n 1829 jog cr fid) 
tn’e ^ripatlebcn jttrurf, mddtce cr jcbod) megen feiner ©rmaplung ale 9ie- 
prafentant im ©ottgrejj, mo cr 17 3al)re obtte Untcrbrecpnng blteb, mieber 
aufgeben mu§te. ©r ftarb am 22. Bcbrttar 1848, Pont Sd)Iag gctrojfcn, 
mdprcttb cr auf fetnem s l)la^ tut Dicprdfentantcnbaue fap. 

34nbveU) ^faeffott, ber ftebente ^rafibent, mar am 15. 3Karj 1767 
eboren unb fein Satcr ftarb etn paar SDtoitate fpdter. Seine permittmete 


2Sabe SR ecum. 


35 


Gutter jog fid) tit ba3 <£>au3 ipre3 Scptoager3 juritcf, too 2lnbreto jebtt 
3‘Vpre blieb. 2113 ftittb toar er ftrcttfam unb unreligtb3. (Stitch ©age3, 

M r ^etr bcr Sieoolutiott, tourben cr unb fetn 23ruber gefangen genontmcn, 
t 23egriff ba3 £au3 etne3'2Bbtg ju oertpetbigen. Sitter ber engliftiben 
©ffijterc gab ibm 23efepl, ipnt feme <8Hefei ju pubert. „3cp bin etn itrieg$- 
gefangener," fagte 2lttbreto, „ aber fetn 23ebtenter." SDtefe 2Inttoort maefete 
ben Offijter argerltd), unb cr oeriounbete iptt bc3palb. Seine Gutter gt'ng 
ttacb Sparle3ton unb crlangtc bte 23efretnng better 5htaben, unb barfuft, 
frattf unb oertouitbet, toarett fie gejtoungcn, fiber oierjtg 9)fetlett ju 3ujjj ju 
laufen, unt nacb £>aufe ju fommcit. 2113 fie anfamcit, ftarb Robert, unb 
uttfer jitfiinfttgcr fPrafibcnt toar faum t>alb lebenbig. Stnige ©age f pa ter 
trat bie Gutter etne aitbere Sietfe an, unt bte 23efrctung ipver (£d)tocfter 
Sopite, bte and) ©efangene toarcit, ju erlattgen, ftarb aber untertoeg3, unb 
tnit 14 3at>ren ftanb 3acffon allein tit ber 23elt. Sr gt’ng ju etitent Satt- 
ler tit bte 4'cbre. ©a er bcr Sigetitbtimcr ctttc3 fpfcrbc3 tourbe, gt'ng er 
it ad) Sbarleftoit, too er Scpulben maepte. Semanb fd)lug ibm ocr, unt 
(55elb ju fptelen; cr fetjte fetn fPferb gegeit $'200 — unb getoann. SJiit 
bent ©elb bejaplte cr ietite Scpulben uitb gtng nad) £>aufe juruef. 3it 
Sali3.Purp fiitg er an 3urt'3prubenj, unter Stncm 9?amen3 SRcSap, jit ftu= 
btreit. Sttoa3 [pater tourbe cr jum Staat3amoalt tn Slafpoilie ernannt. 
2£tr fiitbcn tint retd) in 1796 unb ju cincnt ©elegaten nacp ftnojrotlle er- 
lodplt. unt etne Sicgierung3form ju maepen. ©cr tteite Staat patte etn 
St edit ju etitent Songre§=SJtttgIteb unb Satffett lourbe getodbit. So gt'ng 
er ttacp fPbilabelpbta. 3acffon toar etn guter ©emofrat, tourbe in ©en- 
neffee fel)r popular unb tn ben Seuat ber SSeretnigten Staaten getodbit. 
3it 1798 gtttg er nacb ©enneffee juruef, nadibent er feme Stelle ale sena¬ 
tor refignirt batte. 23alb ttadtber tourbe er jum Siid)ter bcr Supreme Sourt 
ernannt, aber ernftbafter ©ifferenjen mit ®ouoertteur £eoter toegen, refig- 
nirtc cr fettte Stclle. 3n 1804 tourbe cr junt ©eiteral ber Slitltj crtodplt. 
2113 ber ftrieg oon 1812 begann, feplug 2laron 23urr, 2lnbreto 3*trffcn al3 
etiteit SJiamt oor, ber enter Sontmtffton Spre maepen tourbe; ber (general, 
bcr gcrabe [etne ©icnfte mit 2500 greitotlligcit anbteten toollte, tourbe an- 
genontmen. 97acp bent 2fnfauf oon ftlortba tourbe 3cicffun junt ©ouoer- 
tteur oott btefent iteuen Staate ernannt. 3m £erbft be3 3abre3 1823 
to.trbe er junt Senator ber 23ereiitigten Staaten getodplt unb tit 1828 jtirn 
yrdfibenteit. Scad) fetnent jtoetten ©ernttit gtttg cr ltacp £>aufe, ber Stn- 
ficbelei, jttritcf. ©er itbrtge ©bed fetitce Seben3 toar bcr etuc3 SWenfcpett 
oon gutent unb dprtftltdpem Sparaftcr. Sr ftarb am 8. 3unt 1845. 

23rtit 33iu*etl/ bcr acbte fpraftbent, toar am 5. ©ejember 
1732 jit ^inberpoof, tnt Staate Sicto gjorf, geboren. 2?ad)bcm er fccp3 
3apre t'm 23itreau etne3 2lboofatett, tn fetnem ©orfe getoefen toar, gt’ng er 
nad) Sleto gjorf. 3n 1821 tourbe er jttm SRt'tglieb bc3 Senat3 ber 23eret- 
ntgteit Staaten getodplt. 3tt 1827 tourbe er toteber gctodplt. 3n 1828 
tourbe er junt ®ouoerneur bj3 Staate3 2?en)=§lorf getodplt. 23on 'pedfi- 
bent 3acf|on tourbe er junt Staat3-SeFretar ernannt. Sfacp fetner Sieitg- 
nation tourbe cr al3 ©efanbter nad; bonbon ernannt, [etne Srncnitung 
tourbe jebocp ntdpt oom Scttat bcftdttgt. 3tt 1832 tourbe cr jinn 23tce- 
fPrafibeittcit getodbit. 21 tn 20. SJiat 1836 tourbe 2aan 23uven jum fPrdft- 
beaten getrdpU. 3m 20(dr^ 1841 legte er fetn 2lmt nteber. 3n 1848 jog 
er ftep nad; llntbentoalb jttrttcf, too er am 24. Jitli 1862 ftarb. 


36 


23abe 9ft ecu nt. 


9©illtrtttt «$3citrt) bet neunte prdftbent, war urn 9. 

gebruar 1773 in Virginia geboreit. 3it bie Wrntee eingetreten, war er 
guerft lieutenant unb bantt fommanbirenber £>auptiuann ber fteftittw 
Sbafbtngton. 3m 3abve 1797, nad;bem er fetne SReftgttatton ein gore tiff 
batte, wurbe er jum ©efretdr bed (53out>ertteur-3 be^ Serritortitind bec5 
97o;bwefteitd ernaitnt. 3m 3a(>re 1800 wurbe er jitnt Ojouoerneur bed 
3nbtanifd;en !£errttortumd ernaiittf, weldie ©telle er ^wblf3at)re bebieft. 
3n 181b wurbe (general Jpavrtfon jum Ptitglieb bob 3Jeprdfentantetibaufed 
gewdblt. 3n 1819 wurbe er aid senator bon Obto gewdblt. 23 om Prd- 
ficenten 2tbamd wurbe er jitnt ©efanbten it ad) ber 9tepublif Columbia er* 
nannt $• ba er aber oem Prdfibcitteit 3aeffon juriicfberufen wurbe, jog er fid) 
attf fetne garni am Dl;io juriicf, wo er ben befebetbenen plat; — Slerf ber 
Sountp Sourt oont Hamilton ©iftrift — annabnt. 3« 183b war er (San* 
btbat fiir Prdftbent, Wurbe jebod) getdufdd; er war in 1840 wteber Saitbie 
bat unb wttrbc gewdblt, (Sr ftarb am 4. 2lpril 1841 ait etnem UnfaU* 
bott pieurefie. 

-taint filler, ber jctfnte prdftbent ber 35erctntgten ©taaten, gebo* 
ten am 29. fJJtdrj 1700, grabuirte tin Soilcge mit 17 3at)ren unb fing an, 
3urtSprubntj jit [tubirett. Wit iteunjemt 3abreit ftng er an ju aboojtrnt, 
ltitb bad nut 23ortt)eit. Wit 2b 3abrett wurbe er aid W.tglieb in ben 
Soitgreff gewdblt, war aber feiner (Sfefunbbeit wegert gcjWitrtgett, ju refig* 
nireit, burfte jebod) nid)t perweigern, cut Witglieb ber Segid'atur feinedeig* 
nett granted ju feiit. 3tt 1825 wurbe er junt ©ouoe.imtr gewdblt, unb 
baiut wteber gewdblt. Sr wurbe junt Senator gewdblt untcr bent prdft* 
beaten Stbanid, unb fddojf fid) ber Dppofttion an. 3it 1839 wurbe er junt 
35tce*^)rdfibenten ber 2>ereintgten Staatcn gewalilt, unb tit 1841 jittn Pra» 
ftbenten. 3nt lebten '43itrgerfrieg febloff er fid) brr Sonfbberatton an, tit 
bereit Sottgrejf er gefanbt wurbe. Sr ftarb tit 1862. 

frames 3vito£ ber etlfte prdftbent, war am 2. fftooember 

1795 geboreit. 3n 1813 wuibe er jttr 2Habentie oott Wurfrcedborougb 
gcfclncft, unb in 1815 trat er tit bi e Umoeifttat twit Wortt; Saroltna ein. 3u 
1823 wurbe er in bie 2egtdlatur putt Stettitepee gewdblt. 3it 1823 wurbe 
er jum Witglieb bed Sougreffed gewdblt, in wcldjcr Estelle er ttitunterbrodieit 
14 3abrc laitg blieb. 23ct fttitf ©itjungen war Polf prdftbent ber 5t'ant* 
mer ber Ceputtrtcn. 3m 3al)re 1839 wurbe ibnt bad ©ouoerneur4tmt 
tit 9tafl)Pt((e, oeriiebeiu 21 in 4, Warj 1845 teiftete er ben Sib aid Prdfi* 
bent ber 23eretmgten ^taaten. 2lm 15. 3uitt 1849 ftarb er tut 2llicr «ott 
44 3abrctt. 

3 ad)art) Xat) lor, ber jwb’Ifte Prdftbent, war ant 24. Ocobcntbcr 
1784 in Drattge Sound), Virginia geboreit. ' Sr gittg bureb adc (i)rabe tit 
ber firmer. 3it 1849 wurbe ibnt bad p raft ben ten * XUntt perlieben, ftarb 
aber it ad; furjent Unwol;l|ein, ein 3al;r fpater ant 9. 3ult. 

ill'ill art) fvtllmore, ber brctjebittc prdfibettt, war ant 7. 3anuar 
Poit befd;eteeitett Sltcrn geboreit. Sr gen off bie ^joi tbeile ctiter guteit Sr- 
Jtebung itict)t; trottbent _nabm il;it ber 3iid;ter Walter 3Boob, itberrafebt 
itber fetuen Sleift unb feine angeitebnten 4kftd;tdjitge, tit feiit 23uveattr 


33ate 9ftecurn. 


37 


auf, murbe fetn $mtnb itttb bcftreitete fetne Uttfojlcu. 3u 1829 murbe 
er aid Sfteprdfen taut bed ©taated 9?ctv=2Jorf gemdplt. 3« 1882 murbe er 
•tn beit Songrep gemafyltunb tn 1887 mtebcr. 3n 1847 erpielt er badSott- 
trodcnrantt bed ©taated. 3n 1848 murbe er turn 93ice=^rafibentnt Per 
33emntgten ©taaten geh>al>lt itttb h a d> bent Xobe sort prafioent Xaplor 
ftelen ipm bte fPfltcMen bed fPrafibenten ju, mte ed bte Sonftitutton be- 
ftimmt. 21 nt 4. 9ftarj 1883 jog fid) gillmore jttrutf, unb reifte ben gait- 
gen ©itben bttrd). 3m 3abre 1885 mar er tn Suropa. 3nt lejjtert 23ltr- 
gerfrteg blteb er neutral, obgleicp 23icle glaubten, bad er fiir bte Sonfb- 
berirtm fpmppattfirte, 

*¥rauHttt fierce, ber vierjepnte fPrdftbcut, mar am 23. 9?ovent- 
ber 1804 goborett. 3m 3apre 1820 trat er tit bad Sotlege jju 23ombotn 
ettt. 3n 1833 murbe er aid Hftitglieb tit ben Sortgrep gemaplt into tn 
1837 in beit ©enat. 21 m 17. 9ftat 1847 gtng er aid general tn’d 3elb 
gegett 9ftertfo. 21m 12. 3uitt 1852 murbe er jttnt ^raftbenten gemaplt, 
tttib am 4. 9ftdrj 1853 murbe ipm feitt 21 ntt feicrlicp verliepen. 3nt 
3‘ibre 1857 jog cr fid) nad) fetttcr f)cintatp tit Sencorbta, 91. $<, juriicf. 
Sr ftarb tnt 3aprb 1869. 

7<antc$ ^Micfwttan, ber funfjcpnte fprdftbent, mar am 23. 21prtl 
1791 geborett. (Sr mar von irifeper £erfunft itttb von befdjetbenen Sltcrn. 
£ urep grope ©ttergte uttb vt'ele >Dpfer murbe er unterrieptet; cr mttrre tit 
1812 tit ben Sottgrcp gemaplt. 3n 1856 murbe er jttitt ^rdftbeittert 
gemaplt. 3it fetnem Xerntin fittg ber fd)rccfltd)c 23urgerfrteg an. Sr ftarb 
in 1868. 

Slbraljam £tttcoltt, ber fedjjepnte ^rdftbent, mar ber ©obit eined 
arnten aber eprltcpen &tftbbauerd. 9?acpbcm er feinc utter vcrlorett 
patte, ftng er an *23rtefe fur bte jtt fcpretbeit, bte ed iticpt felbft fottnten ttitb 
ftanb fetnem 23d : ter auf biefe 23eife getreu jur ©ette. 9ftit neunjepn 3a b 3 
rett bot ettt 9?ncpbar 2lbrabam Siffcdu cine ©elegenpeit jutn b)ieifeit an. 
9ftit_bret unb jmanjtg 3aprcn mutbe cr aid Saitbivat fur bte I'egtdatur 
beet ©taated vefgefcplhg'tfn, aber ntept gemaplt. 3acffon ernanttte il)tt jum 
9ft>ft=21gcnten tit talent, mo er begantt jit ftitbirnt. 3m 1843 murbe er in 
bic Pfgidlatur gemaplt ttitb tit 1836 miebev ermaplt. £err ©tuart feplug 
Lincoln vor, fetn Sompagnioit jit metben, mad angenomnten murbe; er 
jog baber nad) ©prtttgfielb, ber fiauptftabt bed ©taated; uttb jttr f^fit 
fetner fSBapl in bie ?egidlatur murbe er aid bad S)aupt ber 23lug=fpartet 
betraditet. 3n ber 2ludubimg t'einer fprartd mar feitt Srfolg fo grop bap 
ev fa ft bet fetnem fptojep von 23id)tigfeit feplte. 3n 1846 murce er aid 
9ftitglieb tit bett Sottgrcp gemablt. 2ltu 15. 3uitt 1860 murbe er von 
ber republtfanifdjen ^artet junt ^rdfibenten nominirt unb bet ber 2Babl 
tnt 9?ovcntber gemoiplt. 3aft ade fubli^ert ©taaten trenttten fid) von ben 
noiblidieit ©taaten unb etn 23urgerfrteg begantt, ber vier 3apre bauerte. 
Lincoln murbe miebcrgemdblt, bocb faum patte feitt jmetter Xermtn angc= 
fangen, ale er von einem X)edperabo, ber mit ben Sonforberirten fpmpatbe- 
firte, ermorbet murbe. ®ad mar bad Sttbe ettted ber grbptenjprdfipenten 
ber 23creintgten ©taaten. (Sjcredjt, pitman, mopltpdtig, reltgiod, freigebig, 
ftarb er, ein Dpfer ber gempteu ©aepe. 


38 


S3 a be 9ft ecu m. 


SliifcrciP ^oTittfott, ter fiebeitjebntc $rdftbent, am 29. December 
1808 in fftaletgb, orb Carolina, geboren, mar non befdjetbenen Client, 
©r patte f'eine ©rjtcbung geitoffen, fonbern ging ju einem Scbtteibcr in bte 
£ebrc. ©in alter Wann fam gcmbbnltd) jum £abett unb lag fetnem 9ftet* 
[ter nor. Dag madjte ben ^ltaben eferqeijig unb er firtg an bag 21lpf)abet 
ju lenten. Snbem er feme ©rbolunggftunben opferte, lernte er balb mit 
j>ulfe ber anberen 2Irbeiter lefen. 3m Sabre 1828 mar [etite 2$oIfggunft 
fo greji, ba§ man tpn gum Slibernt.ann mdplte unb jmet Saprc fpdter junt 
9ftai)or ber Stabt. 3u 1885 murbe er alg 9ftttglieb non Jenneffee in bag 
Obeprdfentanteitpaitg gemdplt, unb 1841 murbe er junt Senator beg Staateg 
gemdblt. 3n 1843 murbe er tit ben ©ongrc§ gemapH, mo er gebn Sapre 
blicb. 3n 1853 murbe er pm ©ouncrncur non Jenncffee gemdp.t unb 
mteber in 1855. 2Int 14. 9?onember 18G4 murbe er ^itnt 33ice= *preilbenten 
ber 23eretntgteit Staaten gemdplt unb napnt itad) bem Jobe beg $hdftbin* 
ten Lincoln, bte Stclle beg 2elpteren alg ^rafibent etit. 

IthiffeS ©rant, ber aditjepnte unb gegetimgrttge $rdftbettt 
ber 23ereintgten Staaten, mar am 27. s 21prt( 1822 in (Vermont County am 
bet Cincinnati, geboren. 33tg pm fiebenjepnten Sapr half er fet= 
item SSater tit beffeit ©erberet, ging aucb tdgltd) pr St^ule. 33et befag* 
tern filter trat er in bte 2leabemte p 23eft otut ctn, unb gt'itg bind) bte 
©rabe, Corporal, Sergeant unb Unteroffijier. 2tm 17. Suui 1843 er* 
l>iclt er fein patent alg Unter*£ieutenant ber Snfantcrte; int Sapre 1845 
mar er unter bem ©ommanbo beg general Jaylor int 5lricg gegen 9ftejrt'co. 
21 m 13. September murbe er pm Hauptmann erpopt. Snbem er fid} 
nom Dienft prucfpg, beiratbete er graulein Dent nott St. 2outg uttb 
lebte auf feiner garnt iit jciter ©egenb. 2lm 2lnfang beg 23itrgerfriegeg 
murbe er pm Snftruftor ber ^reimilltgen beg Staateg SHinoig ernannt, 
int Sunt 1861 murbe er pm Dberften beg 21. fftegimenteg uitb tin 21uguft 
^utit 23rtgabter*©eneral ernannt. Snt gebruar 1862 mar er (general. 
Sm Dftober 1869 murbe er pm ©omntanbeur beg Dcpartmentg non Jen* 
neffee ernannt, ben 'IJiiffiifippi big 2$tcfgburg, tndufine. Die Sitjung beg 
©engreffeg non 1863 befapl, ben Danf ber bciben £)dufer bem General 
©rant bitrd) Ueberrcidmttg eiiter 2ftebaiUe fur fctite Dienfte, augpbriicfcn. 
Snt 2)idrn 186 1 murbe er pm lieutenant-(general ernannt. 21 nt 16. 
2Ipril 1865 iibergab ftd) Solmfton bem ©eneral Sherman, ber ©ottgre§ 
mtjjbtUigte aber bte SBebtngungen, unb fdiidtc ©eneral ©rant, ber iptn 
biefelbe Capitulation mie bent ©eneral 2ee, bcmitligte. 2lm 21. 21tat 
1868 trat ber 9tfattona63?epublifanifd)e ©onnent tn^Cptcago pfammen, 
unb feplug ©eneral ©rant alg fPrdftbent nor. Cr patte ©rfolg tn ter 
2Bapl unb murbe itacp Cube beg erfteit Jernttneg mteber gemdplt. 2lit 
einem fepr Fallen Jage int s )ftdrt 1873 tjatre id) bag 23ergnugeit, bic feter* 
lidte Cinfctutng etneg ^raftbeitten ber grojjen Oiepublif aitjnfebett. Die 
?frage, bejiiglid) cineg britten Jermtneg, bleibt noeb unbeantmonet. Die 
SBapl ftebt jcbod> nor ber Jlnir unb man mtrb balb miffen, ob ©eneral 
©rant alg Canbtbat genannt mirb. 23ir erlaubett uitg, ant Sdjluffe bic* 
fer 9?otijen ju benterfeit, mie gliidiid) ettt 23olF tft, mcldieg feine eigene 3ie* 
gen ten maplf. 3n Curopa, mo jjebe Cinberrfcbaft erblid; tft, betraeptet man 
bag 2Bort ^epublif ober frete Obegterung gleid;lautenb mit Diebftapl, 
9ftorb, llngerccpttgfcit unb 21itarcpie. 


23 a b e Siecum. 


39 


£>ie ac^eittoarft^c SReflkrmtfl &cr 2$cr. (^tauten. 

Prajibent — UlpffeS S. ©rant von 3(linote. 

23ice*Prafibent— (Vacant buret; ben ©ob von £enrp S3iifon.) 
PrivabSeFretar bco Q3ra|tbenten— ©ctt. S. C. 23abcocf von Vermont, 

St a b t tt c r. 

Staate=Siinifter — Hamilton gift) yen Setv §JorF. 
ginan^Sdnifter— 23enjnmin •£>. 23riftotv yon ilentucFp. 

Jlrieggmtmfter — S3ttliam 2£. 23etfnap yon 3 on.'a. 
fWarine-Stintjler-—©eorge S?. S^obefon yon Setv 3crfe^* 

?Dttntjier be£ Snnern — 3acparia ©tumbler yon Sitctugan. 
©cncrabpoftmeifter— Siarfpall 3cit>ctl yon Connecticut. 
©enerabgisFal— Cbtvarb pierrepont yon Setv $orf. 


2J£if#nefcer £>c£ t)tci’iuibt?ict*jt$fK*it Gtutflrcffc$. 

(-SVnfang am 6. jDejember 1875.) 

S c ti a t. 

Prnfibent beg Senate — ©tyomaS S3. gem; yon S?tcf>tgan. 

ScFrctar be£ Senate — ©eorge D. ©orl;am yon California. 
Scmofraten, 29; Sepubltfancr, 40; it na b t) a ngige, Seformatovcn unb 
liberate Sepubtifaner, 4: Vacant 1. 


Grttbe be$ Sernims. 

Alabama. 

1877 ©eorge ©olbtt;iraitF)e, Out. 
1879 ©eorge C. Spencer, Sep. 
i iXrkanfas. 

187f PotoeU Clapton, Sep. 

1879 Stephen S3. Sorfep, Sep, 
California. 

1879 2taron 21. Sargent Sep. 
1881 Scwton 23cott;, ttnabp. 

Connecticut. 

1876 3cte. C. Cnglifb, ernannt. 
1881 S3ittiant C. (Eaton, Sent. 

jDclaunttc. 

1877 Ctp Saute burp, Sem. 

1881 ©bom. g. 23aparb, Sent, 

Sloriba. 

7 879 Simon 23. Con oyer, Sep, 
1881 Cl;atf. 233. Soncb, Sent, 


Snfce be* £ermin$. 

Ccorgia. 

1877 ©f)o3. St. Sortpoob, Sent. 
1879 3opn 23. ©orbon, Sent. 
Jllinois. 

1877 3ofm 21. Slogan, See. 

1877 Stcparb 3. DgteSbp, Sep. 

Jnbiana. 

1879 Stiver p. Siortott, Sep, 
1881 3cte. C. fScSonalb, Sent. 
Joitnt. 

1877 ©eorge ©. 2Bright, Sep. 
1879 S3. 23. 2taif.n, Sep. 

iianfao. 

1 fc 77 3ame3 Si. |>arycp, Sep. 
1879 3ot;n 3. 3ngatte, Sep. 

i&cntucki;. 

1877 3. 253. Stevenfen, Sep. 
1879 ©l;ob, C, ’JScCrerrr, Sent. 





40 


23 a be W ecu tit. 


Grnbc be3 Vermin?. 

iVutJtana. 

1877 3. sRobman 2Beft, 3lep. 

1879 

Jttame. 

1877 Set W. horrid, Step. 

1881 ipanibat ■Smmltu, Step. 

JWartjlanb. 

1879 George St. Dennis, ”1)00. 
1881 23. SHduep 2Bt)tte, Sent. 

JBtt|frtd)ufctt3. 

1877 (SJeorge Southed, Step. 

1881 £>enrp 8. DameS, Step. 

itt id) it] an. 

1877 3T1)omvic( 213. 3 rrp, Step. 

1881 3|a«c 23. (Slyrtfttanep, Unabfo, 

Jttinnefota. 

1877 23 til tarn 23tnbom, Step. 

1881 S. 3. St. WeSBitliam, Unab$. 

JHil'ftfftppi. 

1877 SanteS £. 21trern, Step. 

1881 23. it. 23ruce (9tcgcr), Step. 

iHilj'ouri. 

1879 SoutS 23 . 23ogp, rent. 

1881 3rant W. SodreU, Sent. 

tlcbeaska. 

1877 Wtt. 23. £itd)cotf, Step. 

1881 2llger. S. *Pat>b,orf, Step. 

Ulctmba. 

1879 3ol)tt 5?. Sotted, Step. 

1881 23tU ant Stmron, Step. 

tleu)-^ampfl)ire. 

1877 2taroit £). £ragtit, Step. 

1879 23attt. 23abletgl), Step. 

llcm-Jcrki). 

1877 3- X. Sreltngtntpfeit, Step. 
1881 Xbco. 3. Stanbolpt), Dent. 

11 cm-1) ark. 

1879 Sieved Sonfling, Step. 

1881 3ranctS itemmt, rent. 


Gubc be 3 £erntin$. 

llartl) Carolina. 

1877 Wat. 23. Stanfom, Dent. 
1879 2lug. @. Wen tut on, Dent. 

©I)ia. 

1879 3et)U Sljcrmatt, Step. 

1881 2lllett (9. Xtmrmait, Dent. 

Oregon. 

1877 3ante3 ft, itetlp, Step. 

1879 Set;n £>. WitdKll, Dent. 

|lennft)lttania. 

1879 'Stmen Samerott, Step. 

1881 23m. 21. 23altace, Dent. 

Ulyabc Jolattb. 

1877 £enrp 23. 211111)0119, Step. 

1881 2lntb. (£. 23urnftee / Step. 

^’autl) Carolina. 

1877 XboS. 3. Stobertfon, Step. 
1879 Sopn 3. ^atterfon, Step. 

Xcnncflcc. 

1877 |)cnr9 Goopcr, Dent. 

D. W. iteg, pro temp, bid 
jttv nact)[ten Strung ter Sc* 
giSlatut. 

Xcras. 

1877 Worgan G. tpamtUott, Unabt) 
1881 Samuel 23. 'Warn;, Dem. 

Vermont. % • 

1879 Suftm S. Worrill, Step. 

1881 (George 3. GbitumbS, Step. 

llirgittta. 

1877 3ol)U 23. Oobnftoit, Dem. 
1881 SCobcrt G. 23tttjerS, Dent. 

UlU'H Virginia. 

1877 ^ettrg G. Dads, Dem. 

1881 21Ueu X. Gaperton, Dem. 

UDisrotiftn. 

1877'Xtntotbv D. $oit>e, Step 
1881 21ttguS Gamrvon, Step. 






33a be 9)iecitm. 


41 


91 e x’afctttaute it I) a u $♦ 

DcmoTraten, 172. 3lepubltfaner, 105. Unabliangt’gf, Reform at oven 

unb liberate 9iepubltfatter, 12. 33acant 2. 

3m fumten Diftrict oon ^outftana ftreitig. 


^Uabama. 

Difhrtct. 

- 23. 33. £etmg, Dent. 

- 97. £>. fterttep, Dem. 

1 3erc. paralfon (Sieger), 9?ep. 

2 3ere. 9?. 23 ill ta nig, Dent. 

3 ^nul 23rabforb, Dent. 

4 Gbarlcv 5 £ 09 $, 9 ?ep. 

5 3obtt $. Galbioell, Dem. 

G ©olbjtnitb 33. £>emitt, Dem. 

^Lrkanfaff. 

1 2ucten G. Q5anfe, Dem. 

2 23illiant ft. Clemons?, Dent. 

3 33. 33. 2Bil)bire, Dent. 

4 £b*>ma$ 33?. ©uittcr, Dem. 

California. 

1 33. 31. $iper, Dent. 

2 £. ft. 3>aae, 9iep. 

3 5of>n $t. 2utreU, Dem. 

4 $). D. SBigginton, Dem. 

Connecticut. 

1 (55eor^e 3??. taberg, Dent. 

2 3anteg S)belp$, Dem. 

3 p. p. Starfrceatber, 9fep. 

4 33m. p. 23arnunt, Dent. 

^Delaware. 

3ameg 2Bi11iams, Dent. 
Jfloriba. 

1 33m. 3. ftarman, 9iep. 

2 3. £. ^)al(0 (9feger), 9Cep. 

Ceorflia. 

1 Sultan partribge, Dem. 

2 33nt. G. Smith, Dent. 

3 SJbilip Scot Dent. 

4 penrp 9i. parrig. Dent. 

5 9Mton 31. Ganbler, Dent. 

6 3ameg p. 23lount, Dem. 

7 33nt. p. ftelton, Dem. 

8 Slier. p. Stepbeng, Dem. 

G 33eniatttitt pill, Dent.., 


JUinoio. 

35ifWft. 

1 23entarb G5. ©aulftelb, Dent. 

2 Garter p. parrtfon, Dent. 

3 Gbarleg 33. ftartoell, 9tcp. 

4 Stephen 31. Puiibut, 9?ep. 

5 Horatio G. 23urcbarb, 9tep. 

G £boma$ 3. penberfott, 9iep. 

7 Slier. Gantpbel, llnabb. 

8 GJrecnburp 3. ftovt, 9?ep. 

9 Oiicbnrb p. 33^tttng, 91cp. 

10 3obit G. 23aabp, Unabb. 

11 Scott 33ife, Dem. 

12 33. 9J?. Springer, Don. 

13 Slblat G. Steoenfoit, Unabb. 

14 Sofepl) G3. Gannon, 9iep. 

15 3obn b>i. Gben, £em. 

16 33 . 31. 3. Sparfg, Dem. 

17 38m. ffl. 9Jtorriion, Dent. 

18 33m. Peartjell, Dent. 

19 38nt. 53. Slnberfon, Unabb* 

Jnbiatnt. 

1 33enoni S. Sutler, Dem. 

2 3 ant eg D. 2BiUiantg, Dem. 

3 9Jfidjael G. &err, Dem. 

4 SepbtaJD. 9?ew, Dent. 

5 3Gnt. S. polman, Dem. 

6 9JWton S. jRcbtnfon, 9tep. 

7 ftranfltn 2anberg. 

8 Shorten G. punter, 9?ep. 

9 Diomag 3. Gafon, 3ieo. 

JO 33m. S. pacjinonb. Dent. 

11 3anteg 3. Goang, 9ieo. 

12 Slttb. p. Hamilton, Dent. 

13 3ol;n 31. 23afer, 9tep. 

Jottm. 

1 (Sjeorge 3?. 2)<cGrarp, 9fep. 

2 3obn Q. £uftg, 0iep. 

3 G. 3. Sltnsmortb, £ ent. 

4 pettrp £). 5^ratt, 3tep. 

5 3ameg SBilfon, 9?ep. 

G G. S. Santpfon, 9iep. 

7 3obn 31.&a{fon, 9tep. 


/ 







42 


3$ a b e 9)7 e c it nt 


©ifhrilt. 

8 3amev 997 c, Did 97ep. 

9 Slbbijbn £>lioer/97ep. 

ivanfag. 

1 33. 91. 9JpiItpg, 97cp. 

2 3ot)n 97. Ojooowm, ‘Dent. 

3 23m. 97. 33rctiut, 97cp. 

ikentuckt). 

1 51. 97. ©oone, Dent. 

2 3opn 05. ^Breton, Dent. 

3 dparies 23. s DtiUifcit, D e m. 

4 3. proctor ilnott, Dent. 

5 Spontae 2. §one£, i ettt. 

6 d. 3. 9>arfoitS, Dent. 

7 3‘ d. 23tacfbunt, Dent. 

8 9)?titon (53. Dttrpant., Dent. 

9 3opn D. 2Bptte, 97ep. 

10 3 op it ^8. dlarfe, Dent. 

ifiaiiftana. 

1 97anbaU 2. 05tbfott, Dent. 

2 d. 3opn date, Dem. 

3 dpefter 58. Darralt 97 cp. 

4 33. 937. 2eop, Dent. 

5 ftranf 9J7orep, 97ep. 

0 dparle$ d. 97afep, 97ep. 

Jttaine. 

1 3opn £. 23itrlct$p, 97cp. 

2 23 tilt am 33 Sipe, 97 ep. 

3 3ame^ 5. 33latne, 9iep. 

4 £arrte 9)?. IMatftcb, Dem. 

5 dugene $a(e, 9icp. 

JHarplann. 

1 $ptltp 8* Dpoma3, Dent. 

2 dparle^ 9i. 97oberte Dent. 

3 33. 3. OjBfien, Dem. 

4 DpontaS 0n>attn, Dent. 

5 dp. 3. Denfle, Dem. 

G 23tlltam 23al(p, Dem. 

iltalfacpulDte. 

1 33. 97. drape, 97cp. 

2 33eitj. 33. Darrin, 97cp. 

3 £>cttrp 31 fierce, 97cp. 

4 9tufite 3. $roft, 97cp. 

5 97. y. ©ante, 97ep. 

6 dpas. 9D Dpompfon, Dent. 

7 3opn $. Xarbor, Dent. 

8 33 . 33. 53arrcn, Dem. 


©ifliilt. 

9 (Sjcorgc 3. #car, 97ep. 

10 3ultu3 £. ^cetpe, 97ep. 

11 dpejlev 33. dpaptn, Dent. 

illtcptflttn. 

1 51. 0. 23titttaiite, Dem. 

2 £)enrp 23albron, 97ep. 

3 05eorge 23tttarb, 9iep. 

4 51 (len potter. Dent. 

5 33. 33. 23tUiante, 97cp. 

G 05. D. Duranb, Dent. 

7 Omar D. donger, 97e\ 

8 97atp'l 33. ©rablep, 9iep. 

9 3ay DV Rubbed, 97ep. 

ilVm’tcfota. 

1 9D7arf «£>. Dunned, 97ep. 

2 Horace 33. ® trait, 97cp. 

3 33. 0. fttng, 97cp. 

1 2. Q. d. 2amar, Dent. 

2 03. 331lep 28ed£, 97ep. 

3 53. o. 9)7onep, Dent. 

4 Otto 97. 0ingietori, Dent. 

5 d. d. 53oofer, Dem. 

G 97obertcf ®eal, Dent. 

ilVtjfauri. 

1 dbtoarb d. fterr, Dent. 

2 draftue 23 cite, Dent. 

3 33. •£>. ®tette, Dent. 

4 97obert 51. ^ateper, Dent. 

5 97tcparb V P- ©lano, Dent. 

6 dpaD 53. 9D7organ, Dent. 

7 3optt 3* $ptdp*, Dent. 

8 ©eitjamtit 3. Srattfltn, Dent. 

9 Daptb 97pea, Dent. 

10 97. 51. De ©olt, i eitt. 

11 3op,n 33. dlarf, jr., Dent. 

12 3opn 997. 031 over, Dent. 

13 5lplctt £>• ©uefner, Dent* 

Nebraska. 

2orettjo dreuttfe. 

llcnaba. 

33- 2Boebburn, 97ep. 

llcto ijamfljire. 

1 granf 3one3, Dent. 




33 a be Sflecum 


43 


Diilrfft. 

2 (Samuel 97. 23cll, Tent. 

3 peltry ©. 23latr, 9?ep. 

ITctti Jerfci). 

1 S. p. Stnntctfort, 9?ep. 

2 Sant tret 31. Tobbtng, 37ep. 

3 93?tle3 .'Hop, Tent. 

4 Robert pumilfott, Tent. 

5 2lugujtu3 31^. Sutler, Tent. 

6 grebertcf p. Teffe, Tem. 

7 31. 21. parbenberg, Tent. 

llettt ijorlv. 

1 pettry 23. 93<etcalf, Tent. 

2 3obn 03. Sebum a ter, Tc.nt. 

3 S. 23. Sl)tttenbeu, 9?ef. 

4 2lrcb. 9)?. 23 it ft, 37c f. 

5 Ob mi it 31. 93?eabe, Tent. 

6 Samuel S. Sor, Tent. 

7 Smit.b Sly, i r., Tent. 

8 Sltjab 2£aro, Tent. 

9 gcrnaitb'o ©ooo, Tent. 

10 21 brat) a tit S'. pemttt, Tent. 

11 23enj. 21. ©tlli$, 9fcf. Tent. 

12 9?. pointed Obeli, Tent. 

13 3. £>. ©biteboufe, Uttabb. 

14 S5eorg 33?. 23ecbe / Tent. 

15 3obn p. 23aglcy, j’r., Tent. 

16 Sbarie^ p. 2ibant$, 9?ep. 

17 3tt. 3/ Totonfenb, 9?ep. 

18 2lnbmo ©tlltam2, 9iep. 

19 ©tlltam 21. ©beeler, 3iep. 

20 pettry p. patborn, 3?ep. 

21 Samuel 3. 93?il(er, 9?ep. 

22 ($5corg 21. 23ayley, 3t cp. 

23 Scott 2oro, Tern. 

24 ©tlltam p. 23afer, Tent. 

25 0. 233. Veaoemocrtb, 9?ep. 

26 0. ©. 90?c Tou gall, Otep. 

27 0. 05. &tpbant, 3tcp. 

28 Tbmna^ S* 4'latt, 3fcp. 

29 0. 0. 23. ©alter, Tent. 

30 3obn 23?. Tam;, 3tep. 

31 ($3eorge 05. pobftttT 9?ep. 

32 Tainan 23ap, 3tcp, 

33 

tlortl) Carolina. 

1 3c|Je 3. Seated, Tent. 

2 3. 21. pyutan (9?eger). 

3 211 feeb 23?. ©abbell, Tent. 


©iflrift. 

4 3ofept) 3. Taoig, Tem. 

5 Sllfreb 93?. Scaled Tent. 

6 Tb°ma3 t®. 3Xfbe, Tent. 

7 ©m. 93?. 37obbtn$, Tent. 

8 Robert 23 . 2301100, Tent. 

(Dl)io. 

1 93?tltoit Sayler, Tent. 

2 p. 23. banning, Uttabb. 

3 3obn S>. Saoage, Tent. 

4 3obit 21. 93(c93?abait, Tent. 

5 3bnertcu$ ©. ^rice, Tent. 

6 grant P. pttrb, Tent. 

7 Vatorettce S. 9Zeal, lent. 

8 ©. £atbrencc, 9?co. 

9 S. 3* cPoppleton, Tent. 

10 Sbarleb Softer, 9icp. 

11 3obn 2. Tame, Tent. 

12 21 mi el X. ©ailing. Tent. 

13 93?tlton 3. Soutbarb, Tem, 

14 3 of ob 93. Soto an, Tent. 

15 P. p. 23au 23orbee^, 3?ep, 

16 £orctt$o Tanforb, 3?ep. 

17 2. T. ©oobtoortb, 

18 3ame2 93?onroe, 3?ep. 

19 3ameT9?. SJarficlb, 3?ep, 

29 penry 23. 9>atne, Tent. 

©rt-gou. 

©. ©oobburtt, 9?ep. 

Pcnttfijluattia. 

1 Shopman grecntait, 37 ep. 

2 Sbovleb D’97etll, die p. 

3 Samuel 3. 3fattba(l, Tem. 

4 ©tlltant T. ftelley, 37 cp. 

5 3-obtt 9iobbtttb, Tent. 

6 ©aft). Xotonfenb, Oicp. 

7 2lbant © 00 b, fr., ,9tep. 

8 ptj'ter Slymcr, Tent. 

9 21. perr ^mitl;, ?)tep. 

10 ©. 93iutcbler, Tent. 

11 grant T. Sotting, Tent. 

12 213. ©. 3Tetcbunt, 3tep. 

13 3ame5 23. 9?et(ly, Tent. 

14 3abtt Roofer, 3tep. 

15 3ofepb Cornell, Tent. 

16 Sobte^ft 37o§, 3?ep. 

17 3obttj9tetlfy, Tem. 

18 2B. V©. Stenger, Tent. 




44 


S3 a b e 2)i e c u m. 


SMflrift. 

19 £em Ttatfcb, Tent. 

20 21. 50iacfep, Tent. 

21 3acob Tttntep, Tern. 

22 3ame^ £. £>opfht3, Tent. 

23 2lleranbcr (55. Sodjrane, Tnt. 

24 3obn 23. 28a[lace, 9iep. 

25 (55eorge 21. 3enf3, Tent. 

26 3ameb Sfyeaflep, Tent. 

27 Gilbert (55. Egbert, Tent. 

Hljabc Jslatib. 

1 Sett. Sameb, 5Jiep. 

2 Satinter 23. 23allcm, 

<S' 0 ittl) CJTarattttrt. 

1 3. £. Ointnett, (5ftegcr.) 

2 (&. (55. 93(. madey, Itnabl;. 

3 0elomon 2. £>ege, 9iep. 

4 2llcjr. 0. 23aftace, 9iep. 

5 dl. 0madg, (9?eger.) 

^citneflce. 

1 23. Wc^arlanb, Tent. 

2 3ncob 5Ut. 5£f)ontburgb, 9^cp. 

3 ©eorge (55. TtbrcK, Tent. 

4 

5 3of)tt W. 58rtgf)t, Tent. 

6 3ol)it 5* $oufe, Tent. 

7 23. S. 58?fyttt)orne, Tent. 

8 3o()tt T. (4. 2ltfinb, Tent* 

9 23. % Saktoell, Tent. 

10 |>. Safep 2)mutg, Tent. 

1 3obtt £>. 9icagan, Tent. 

2 T. 23. Sulberfon, Tent. 

3 3. 9J(. £t)rorfmovtcn, Tent. 

4 Stogev £). 9)?tlk3, Tent. 

5 3ofyn $ancocf, Tent. 

6 (SJuftab 0d)letd)er, Tent. 

Vermont. 

1 (S^artes5 £>. 3epce, 9Jep. 

2 T. S. Tentfon, Uttabf). 

3 (55corge 23. £enbee, 9iep. 

Utrginiti. 

1 53.29. Toucila^. Tent. 

2 3o(m (53ocbc, jr., Tent. 


3 (55t(bcvt S. 23nIFcv / Tent. 

4 23. £>. £. 0tott>ell, 9iep. 

5 ffleorge S. Sabell, Tent. 

6 3<t3.\ s )i. Tiicfer, Tem. 

7 3oen X. £>arrt3, Tem. 

8 Sppa $1111 ton, Tem. 

9 23tUtant ©yen;. Tent. 

Ulcll tDirflinia. 

1 23ett. 23tI|"on, Tent. 

2 Stta$. S. gaulf'ucr, Tent. 

3 ftrattf £ereforb, Tent. 

Ulkamftn. 

1 Sba*rle£ S. 23tfltantS, 9?ep. 

2 2. 23. Gabtin'K, 9iep. 

3 T'ettrp 0. 93?agoott / 9icp. 

4 23. s P9t 2vmbc, Tent. 

5 0am. 23urd)arD, Tent. 

6 2llanfon 3n. $tmbalt, 9tep. 

7 3erenttab 3u. 9tuif / 9iep. 

8 (55corge 23. Sate, '4.ent. 

TcIeQatcit fcei*S,en*itovicit. 

interna. 

•£>. 0. 0tepf)en$, 3tep. 

Colombo. 

S. 3}?. fatter [on, 9tep. 

jPakotn. 

3. 35- 23tbber, 9iep. 

Jbalja. 

ft. 23. 23ennet, 9iep. 

JHontana. 

3». SOkginnte, 9iep. 

tUcui-JUcrikn. 

0. 58. Siting 3icp. 

Utal). 

S. Q. Sannott, 9tcp. 

WalVtnflton. 

£). 3acob£, 9iep. 

tlD looming. 

589. 9t. 0teele, 9iep. - 




35 a t> e Wl e c u m. 


45 




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♦ «♦♦♦•♦•♦♦••♦♦•♦ 

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©.-§- *_.fe5 . •’H ^r&'g-n« ag? . * . * . 3 *« * . « 

©2-a.2© 3 & H Ss— 3 cC1o 2 Js Sjo.? a “ 

£ £ -%»£. 2^ « 5 5 «•=© «‘cf ^ a 5 2 s 2 2 S % 5> 

C5*ii J?©: Gr’in-sPi d.rs^d d d 5^-^ © d 4 s- 

d d O d 2 Ss^ ^S^^fJrSGG^Gsd^.^^oG d-G -G-G C ^ 

5J QS?S?S9© ©©Q © t»« © ®©<x?-^g?5?<S B S: 






































4(3 


s $at>e 3ft cc urn. 


qfoffeSatif. 

^Veltjenbe £afcl btent jur fdngabe bcr ffrattftrpretfe attf 23rtefe, 3,^* 
tungen, Rubber, ^ampblete unb alle burcl) tac ^oft berfenbbaren ©tuefe 
nad) unb bon alien lljcilctt bee 23eretntgteit ©taaten:— 

35 r i c f c* 

3 ebe 3 Unje. 

23rtefe nadt trgenb etnent Jbeile bee 23eretntgteit ©taaten 3 Stg. 

33rtefe, n>e(d;e tn etnent £f;etl etner ©tabt ^itr $oft gegebett tocr- 

bnt, um in etnent aitbern berfelben abgcliefert *u toerbett 2 Stg. 
Sorrefpcnbeu^ft'arteit nacf> trgenb etttem 33>etl bee 23cremigten 

©taaten. 1 St. 

Ofcgiftrtrtc 23rtcfc erforbern elite £arc bon 10 Stg. auper bent ge= 
tobpitltdjcit granftrpretg. 

33ud)cr, t>nrd)gcl)cnbc 'Bcituitgcn, 3f(5aarctMn*t>ftcii. ic* 

But' jrbe Uttje. 

23iid»er, Strculare unb anbere gcbrutfte ©tiicfc (burcbgebettbe 
3cttungen mit etnpefc^loftcn), ©amen, ©cfynt^el, 3totebeln, 

SBur^eln unb ©proffcit, tit fPacfeten, bte ctn ©eivtdit bon bter 
fPfunb ntd)t uberftetgen, fitr jebe Unje ober eaten Spetl bcrfel ett 1 St. 
SBaarett ober fProben, bag ©ctoidtt bon bter fPfunb itidit liber* 

ftcigcnb, fur jebe little ober emeu 3^f>etl brrfclbcn 1 St. 
3cttungen, Strculare unb ©dtrlftcn, bag ©enuebt bon ^toet lin¬ 
den tttdd tiberftetgenb, unb fur £ofal=2lblteferung befitmmt 1 St. 
llebcr jibct Uitjen totegettb _ 2 Stg. 

5llle ©Hide, bte ntd)t ^u Srtefpmfctt boraugbc$af)tt ftttb, mtiffeit fo ge* 
tbtcfelt fetn, ba§ fte attgefeben roerben tbnnen, obne ben Untfcblag ut berber* 
ben, unb burfett toeber tmoenbtg nod) aufjen ©efcfyrtebetteg cntbalten, aufjer 
ber 9lbbrcf[e; fproben burfett jebod; fo itumertrt n'erbett, bap fie mft ben 
Summertt in etnent befdtretbcnben 23rtcfe uberetitfttminen. 

©lag,, glufftgfcttcn, ©tft unb epploftbe ©egettftdnbe ftttb auggefd;lo(fen. 

rtuf Scttiiugdi, 9.fta<ga$inc uut> 0d)vtftcit ait 
3(bc*ji nett ten. 

T)ag fPprtojutf 3dtungen unb pertobtfdte ©dtriflen, b.te bon etnent be* 
Fannten -23 e r 15 ff e it 11 1 cb u t tg -5 b it re a u v ober eater 3 e itunggagentur aifcggegebeit 
unb an rcgelntdptge Slbonnenten. ober Jcltungeagcutcu abbrefjtrt ftttb, tft 
felgcttbeg: — . ’ . 

Uluf tdgltdte unb too df entitle ^etfungen ttnb pertobtfdie ©dfriften, fotote 
attf 3fitungeit unb ©cprifteit, bte lifter afg ctn ifflal .tobdientltd) beraugge* 
gebett iberbeit,jtoet <2j,Stg. fitr febeg.^fitnb ober eaten £f)ell beffelbett. 

2luf3ottuitgeit unb ©t^rtften, -bte toentger aid etntnaf tpbcbentlti^ bcrattg= 
gegebett toerbett, bret (3) Stg. fur jebeg s Pfuub ober ettten 2d;etl beffelbett. 

3>oft;0)db=3<i3)Inngc,H. 

2;are attf ^oft = ©clb = 3 a blutigett tit ben lu'retntgtcn ©taaten: 9?td>t 
ttber $15, jebn Stg ; bon $20 big $30, funfjefm Stg.; bon $30 big $40, 
jtoattjtg Stg.; bott $40 big $50, futtf unb jtoanjtg Stg. 


33 a t> e ^ecum. 


47 


®elb*3aplungen ttacp (Uroj^fBrttanten unb bcr ©cptoetf: 9Jicpt itber 
§10, fiinf unb gtDatt,;tg Sent?; turn §10 Ot'5 §20, fitnfjtg Sent?; Don §20 
bt? $30, fiinf unb jteben&ig Sent?; Don $30 tub 40, ctnen ^Dollar; Don 
§40 bi? $50/ etnen ©ollar nub fiinf unb gwarqfg Sent?. 

®clb* 3 a ^ u ^gen ttacp San aba : ffttcbt iiber $10, jODanjig Sent? ; Don 
$10 bt? $20, Dtcrjtg Sent?; Don $20 bi? $30, fecltjtg Sent?; Don $30 bt? 
$40, acptjtg Sent? ; Don $40 bt? $50, ctnen Xoltar. 

©elb-3 a ^ un 9 en nac P ©cutfcblaub: 9?tcpt iiber $5, funfyebn Sent?; 
Doit $5 bt? $10, fiinf unb gtoangtg Sent?; Don $10 bi? $20, fnnfjtg Sent?; 
Don $20 bi? $30, fiinf nub ftebenjig Sent?; Don $30 bt? $40, ctnen ©ol* 
lar; Don $40 bt? $50, ctnen Xollar unb fiinf unb jtuanjig Sent?* 


$>ovtp nad) fremfceit Cdnbcvm 

Solgenbe £abei(e jetgt bte fPortoprctfe, auf 23rtcfe unb 3 ei i lttt 0^« ttacp 
ten fremben Sanbern, an bie l;tcr itt alppabcttfcper ©rbnung genannt ftnb: 


23rtefe 

Slrgenttnifdpe Sonfbbcratton 
Sl?ptntDatt 

Sluftralien, Dta ©an grnnct?co 
„ „ Sttglattb 

„ „ 23rtubtft 

^elgtcn 

23ermttbo, Dta 97etD=2Jorf 
23raillten, btreft 

Sanaba, 9?oDa ©cotta, 5?etD*§ounblanb :c* 

Sap ber guten ftoffnuttg 

Spilt, 23oltDta, Sgnator unb $eru 

Spina, Dta ©outpampton 

jDdnemarf, Dta Snglanb 

©eutfepe ©taaten, Dta iliorb^eutfcper 23mtb 

Branfreicp 

©ro§=23rttanten unb 3rlattb 
fbotlanb 

|)ong=5iong, Santon, ©toatofc, 2lnDop unb 
$oocbon>, Dta ©an granetbeo 
Stalten, Dta Sttglattb 
3apan, Dta ©att grattetbeo 
Liberia 
fWcrtfo 

fttomegen unb ©cptoeben 
©efterretep 

©p>3nbtcn, Dta ©an $ranct?co 
„ „ Snglattb 

„ „ 33rtnbift 

Portugal, Dta ©outpampton 
SRufflanb, Dta Snglanb 
©pangpat, Dta. ©an granjt?co 
©pantett 


niebt tDtcgcnb 3dtungen, 
fiber h llnje* 

23 St?* 


5 

5 

15 

21 

*5 

5 

15 

3 

*27 

17 

*27 

*5 

*5 

5 

*5 

*5 

10 

*5 

15 

*15 

10 

*5 

*5 

10 

*21 

*27 

*5 

*5 


5 


4 St?, 
2 
2 
4 
8 
2 
2 

3 
t 

4 
4 
4 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 

2 

2 

4 

4 

3 
2 
2 
2 

4 
8 
2 
2 
2 
2 


48 


33abe ^ecum. 


ntdit totegenb 

uber £ Un$e. 3 ei 0tngen* 

©cbtoetj *5 2 

STurfet, ©yrten, ?c., in a (Snglanb *5 2 

Sene^ucla, mtt amrrtfantfd)em pacfet 10 3 

,, „ brittfd;em „ 13 4 

2Bcft=3ubicn, bireft . 5 2 

„ (britifd)), oia ©t. £bomaS obcr &aoana 13 4 

DaS ©ternd)en bebeutct, bafj eS bem Slbfenber fret ftcljt, baS Porto ju 

be$af)len obcr ntd)t. 

f DaS 3c tungSporto ttad) Sanaba tjl baSfelbe tote nad) trgenb einent 
£f)eil bcr Seretnigten ©taaten. 


(?uri‘cfponbcu^=5lavtcu ttacft frcmfceit Sdnbertn 

3lmertfantfd)c Sorrefportbenj = Marten fonnen mtt etncr toeitcrcn 23rief- 
marfc oon etnem Sent natty ben folgenbett £dnbern gefctyicft toerbeit: Mte- 
berlanbe, Molbaoia, Montenegro, Meu=3-unblanb, Mortoegen, Point, Por¬ 
tugal, Muntanien, Muplanb, ©erbien, ©panien, ©ctytoebett,- ©jtytoetj, 
Defterretcb, Sclgten, Danentarf, Sgypten, Deutfctyianb, ($5ro§» Srttanten 
unb 3rlanb, OOriedtenlanb, ©rbnlanb, |)o(lanb, Oiranfmcty, 3talien, Xi’tr=» 
fei unb bte SBattactyei. 

Dtc erfte 33riefau^nat>ntc bcr Srteffdften an bcit ©trafienccfen ftnbct unt 
8.R5 Morgen^ ftatt unb bte lefcte unt 7.30 MbenbS. Srtefe, bte ntctyt per 
7.30 MbcubS tit bcit ^ajlcit gettyan toerbeit, toerbeit crft am nactyften Mar- 
gen tyeraitSgenommen. Des ©onntagS totrb itur cine ©amnilung ber 
Sricfc, nanucty unt 7.30 MbeitbS gemactyt. 

^dc^rnpl)cn=^rcifc. 

~ Da baS Delegraptytren eitt Dbctl ber taglictyen ©cfcbdfte oott fmnbelS- 
leu ten getoorben ift, gebnt totr l)ter ju ttyrem Mutton, tote and) ju bem ber 
groffen 2ln$atyl oon 3rcntben, toeldtc toir ooit fctto btS $u Sttbe ber 2luS« 
ftellung unter unS babctt werbett, bte ptcife fur Xelegramnte ttad; totctyttgen 
Punften in btefem &tnbe unb anberStoo. 

523on Ptytlabelptyta natty Mem g)orf 30 SentS; Baltimore 30 dents; 
SBaftytngton, 40 dents; Harrisburg, 25 dents, fur jet;n 2Borte, unb jtoet 
dents fur fcbeS toeitere SBort. 

Mad; Soften unb ben Mcu-dnglanb ©taaten tm MUgentetnen 50 dentS; 
fiir bte erftcit jebn SfBorte, unb 3 dents fiir fcbeS toeitere SBort. 

Matty Pittsburgh 40 dents. 

Matty ©yrafufe, M. 50 dents fiir jetyn 2Borte unb 3 dents fur fcbeS 
toeitere 2L'ort. 

Mach Suffalo unb Modtycftcr, M. $., unb Mtttymonb, Sa., 75 ScntS fiir 
bic erften ^epn 2Borte unb 5 SentS fiir fcbeS toeitere iffiort. 

Mad) (Cincinnati, (Chicago, ^outSoille, Slolcbo, Detroit unb 3nbtana- 
polis eittnt Dollar fiir bte erften jetmSBorte unb 7 SetttS fiir febeS toeitere 
S3ort. 

©t. 2ouiS, Mafhoille itnb Montgomery, 2Ila., $1.25 fiir bte erften jeljit 
unb 8 Sents fiir jcbcS toeitere 5Bort. 

Mtltoaufte $i.iO fiir bie erften jel;n unb 7 Scuts fiir fcbeS toeitere 
SCort, 



33 a be s JJiecunt. 49 

3Jcdbile, ©elma, 511a., unb 3}tentpl)ib $1.50 fitr btc crftcn jc(m unb 10 
Gfentbfiir j’cbed folgenbe 38ort. 

3?cto £)rleattb $2 fur bie erflett 5 etjn unb 13 Gentd fitr febeb toeitere 
3Borr. 

©an grattctbco $2.50 fiir bie cvftcu rebn unb 17 Gfcntb fur iebeb fol¬ 
genbe SBort. 

Montreal, Gauaba, $'1.05 fur btc erflett jct}it unb 7 Gents fur jcbc -3 
toeitere 3Bort. 

©t. Debit’S, 3?. 33., $1.25 fitr bie crften $ef)n unb 8 Gents fitr febe^ 
folgenbe 3Bort. 

Guyana ober Guba $5.40 tn ©olb fur btc erjten jcl;tt unb 40 Gents fiir 
jebcS folgenbe 3Bort. 

33ci 2lbfenbuitg yon telegram men fur btc 33ereiuigten <S>taaten unb 
Ganaba totrb btc 3XbrciTe ber fPcrfon, fitr tocldjc eS befh'ntmt ift, unb bte 
beb SlbfeitterS nidjt gejal;lt, 

St a b c l s a v i t ♦ 

33ci ber 3lbfenbung yon 5tabcOJcleg antmen voirb j’cbcb 380 ft, SIbreffe 
unb llnterfcbrift inclufiye, gejd'bit. 

33on ^3t>tlabclpt>ta nacb trgenb etnem Jbeil ®ro§=33rttnntcnb, 53 Gents 
per 3 Bort, gablbar in ©olb, ober in feinem Gquivalente, tote eb bei alien 
■Slabel-Jelegrammeu ber gall ift. 

9tad) granite dt gerabe trie nad) (5jro^33ritanien, mit ber Tlubnabtnc, 
bafj ter s P;a^, yon bent bab Jelegramm abgefcptcft toirb, fjereingefe^t tocr* 
ben ntu§; j. 3J yon biefer <5tabt aub mujj ber 2 lbfenter ^btiabelpbia ' 
btn^ufepen, toab btc Soften attf citt Jelegramm, fei eb furj ober tang, tint 
53 Gents-t)bber madft, alb nacb 03rop=33r, tauten. 

9?acb ben l>tcr genamtten flatten ift ber fpreis fur jcbe 20 38orte, ober 
Jbe.l berfelben, au§cr bent $reiS yon 53 Gents per 38ort, folgettber: 
9Jacb Deutfcfylanb $1.10, (Sdjtoet^ $1.46, £>fterretd) unb Ungarn $1.50, 
©panien unb ©djtoeben $1.75, 3?ortoegett $1>0, 3talien $ 1 . 88 , ^tujj* 
lanb $2.50, gebbo, 3apan, 42.69 unb £ong-$eng $30.00. 

(§inc nllflemeiitc tJe&erftci>t £>ev 0fabf. 

Die ©tabt fpbtlabclpOia, n»te fie yon 3Biiliam fPenn aubgelegt tourbe, 
fafte ttur ben $totfd)en ber '^outb unb 33tite strafe unb betn Ssctjuylfitl 
unb Delaware glu§ gelcgeiten Jbeil in fid). Slnfieblungett tourbftt jebodj 
aueb aufjerbalb biefer OOrcn^eit gemadtt unb int 2 aufe ber 3 eit wuibett fie 
getrennt inforportrt uitb batten tine cigenett ^egterungett. Gs tourbe bar** 
aub cine Ojruppe you ^tdbtett unb Dtftrifteit, bie int frembm Vanbe einfad) 
xinter bem 2 tamen ybilabelpbia befannt toaren. 3>tebrcre yon biefett grenj- 
ten unmittelbar an bie cigcmlldje 0 tabt, ndntltd) ®oittl)toarf unb 3)i 09 a- 
ntenfing fitoltd) unb Otortpern i!ibertieb, Aenftngtou, ©ptittg ©arben unb 
3 'ettu 2 )tftrtft tut 3 torbett unb 38cft='Pl)ilabelpbia. Sllleb bieb roar toirf** 
lief) ttur eitte ®fabt, bie fid) nacb unb nacb gebilbet l;at. Slufierbetn beftanb 
etne Tlnjabl ©tdbtcben, Dbrfer unb 3lnfiedungeu in ber 9uibe, abet - bod) 
getrennt you ber aufgebauten ©tabt. Unter biefett toaren ibribebburg, 
granffofb, ^olmebburg, bie uuinforporirtcii 3Xortl;crn 8 bertieb, ^'brt 3iid)= 

3 


50 


35abe 9ft ecu m. 


moitb, ■fttcctown, fifing Sun, Bor (Sbafe, ©ermatitown, (XhcftmU £)i(l, 
Waitayunf, 9tojrborouglj, 5aU$ of Stpuylfill, unincorporirte p.'c n Xown* 
fbip, ^vaitciSytlle, Hamilton Sillage, Mantua, Slocfley, ^tttgfeffing uttb 
fPapyunf. (Stitige you tpnen wurben burd) tie iaitgen Strain bcr (53ruppe 
yon Stabten, auS beneti $pilabelppt'a beftanb, ycrbunben, unb tit 1854 
Witrbeit fie ade unter eiite 9)?utmtpal=9iegterung confolibirt. pie ©rettjen 
waren btefelben, tote bte beS alten (Sounty S fppilabelppta. 3n fruperen 3dtcn 
batten eiittge you ben genanntert Diftriften merfwurbtge ^arafteriftife, bie= 
felben [tub jebocp ntetftenS gefcpwunbett. 

Soutljuxu’f, unmtttelbar am Biuffe gclegeit, patte grope £>oT$fagcr, 
unbyerforgte bte £>tabt mitSrennmaterial, epe man bte Steiitfoplen Fannte. 
Soutbwarf war nod) bcfaitnt wegcit fetnen SBerFpdtten unb ^ofen yott 
Sd)tffbaucnt unb 9ftapmacpern unb wegen Scpijfbauerpbfen tit bcr ©e=* 
gettb ber feptgen 9fayy $arb. CStite grope Slnjapl ber borttgen 51'obn- 
pdttfcr wurbe yon Scptffef pttdncit unb fonptgeit Seeleuteit bewobnt. 
Selbft nocb yor giemltcp Fitter 3?^ war etn groper Xpetl ber (Sinwobncr 
bte ganttben yon Seeleuten unb „2Bafferleuten". Die £>ol$(ager, fjftnft* 
into Scbiffspope Itegen j’ept tn etncnt aitbern Xpetle ber Stabt unb t'bre 
alten $la{je werben jept yon gropeit 2Baarenpduferit etngenommen, 3 u tf er=! 
rafpiterten, bnt SBerften unb Depots yon 3uder, Syrup unb 2Eeft-3nbt* 
fcpent £>anbel, ben gropen ©etreibe==S>aarenpdufern, (Sleoatoren ber gropeit 
£abungS=$)ierS ber $ennfylyauta tftailroab So. ‘Die 3Bcrfte unb Depots 
ber American" unb „tftcb ^rtar" ^titien, yon Ocean » Dampfern. Der 
Dtftrift cparaftertfirte fid) aud) burd) fetne 9ftafcpinen*2BerfPdtten unb (Si= 
fenwerfe yon 9fterridS, Morris unb XaSfer, Saye y unb Slnbern. DaS 
alte Soutpwarf ntacpt fctd Xpeile bcr crftrn, jtuciten unb britten SBarbS 
ber Stabt auS. 

DaS Otortljevn 3ibcrtic& batte aud) fetne Srennpol$*lB?erfte am 
Bluffe unb grope Saubohlager. Die ^oljlager ftnb meiften? yerfcpwunben 
unb babett gropen 9ftarftt)dufertt, ©aarenpa'ufern, 91u$(abepldfccn, Depots 
unb &tbungSWerften s piat> grmacpt. (Sinigc bcr Saupoljlager pub iebod) nod) 
yorpanben. Dtefer Dtftrift cbarafterifirte fid) aud), pauvtfdcpltcp ber $wei=> 
ten Strape entlang, burd) bte 9ftarfipbfe be * farmer unb ben en gros 
■Jpaitbel tit Sutter, Ster, ©eflugel, gletfd), ©emiife unb ant ere fProtufte ber 
Barmen beS uittltegenben &utbeS. (Sinige ter alteit ^Jiarftberbergen unb 
5Warftpbfen fte bnt nod), aber bte Sbarafteriftif berfelben tft burd) bie ?lus= 
bebttttng bcr gropen Stabt ycrbunfdt worben. ?attge ebe bte 9Fortpern bd* 
bert eS tit bte Stabt eincorporirt wurben, war bte jweite Strape wegen tpren 
fcpbneit dlctitbaitbel =* baben befannt, unb bte britte Strape trieb ben en 
gros ^aitbcl in Spc^eretwaarnt, Stftualten unb Veber. 3it ber jwettcn 
^t.apc befiitbct fid) jcbt etne Doppelrcibe yon 5Ueiitbanbe((dbeit, beinape 
ltnunterbrocpen unb nid)t nur tin alten 9?ortl)ern liberties, fonbertt nodp 
s Dict!cit wetter unten unb obeit. 34tt „^)egg 1 S 9iun unb bent Sobotfftnf 
Sad)'', welcper bttvcp f^ortperit liberties pop, wareit etne grope Slnjapl 
©crbereieit. (Sine ccr v pionier = Siiipleit in ^ptlabelppta's gropen 3nbu=* 
ftrieit, bte alte ©lobe s D<uble war tit ober in ber 91ape ber Wienie yon 
^iortpern liberties. Sine ntobcrne Sparafteripif yott i)iortperu liberties 


$ a fee 9ft ec urn* 


5 L 


tft, bap ettte grope 3 a W fetncr 33ewofiner Deutfcpe obcr pon beutfdier 
£erfuitft ftnb. Die Northern Vtbertte^ war wad je^t bie eilftc, jwblfte 
unb eitt Iheil ber fedidjehuten SBarb ber ©tabt ift. 

&cttfttt$tptt war ctn ©(Spiff* unb SootebauenberDiftriFt unb ctit groper 
Sheil itirer alten Settpohner warett ftifeher unb perforgten b it NiarFt von 
Pbilabelpbta mtt ?5tfdtcn. Henfington bcfdiaftigte fid) febodi ha lb ntepr 
mit ber (Dfen* unb ©tablfabrifatioit nub bent San Pott Dantpfmafd)inen. 
Sd ftnb t’cPt nodi grope ftabrifen berart bort tut (i5ang. flenfington heftaitb 
and cittern Jfyeil ber jetjtgen fedidjehuteit, fiebenjelinten unb ad;t$efSubn 
SBarbd. 

0brtltcj=<5$ar&Ctt Diftrift tft jeltt fritter gropen Nttjabl ^ahrt'Fett allcr 
Nrt wegett beritbmt; untertbnen ftnb bie gropen Salbwitt f?ocotitettPcn='.II ; erfe 
unb bad riiemifdie Siaboratoriunt pott Powerd uitb SBeigbtman. Der Dt= 
ftri't tft and) wegett fetnett fdiott tt tlBobubaufcrit befannt unb War in frit* 
berett 3 f tten einer ber angenebntfteit Xbeile phtlabelpbtad. #ier fatten 
bie Nieftgcr ipre 33iebbbfe unb ©cbladirbaufer, von bettett nod) etnige oor* 
pattbeit ftttb. Der altc Diftrift tft jctU et’itcr ber fdjbnften Spcile ber ©tabt 
ttttb beftebt aud ben brei^ehuten, picrjepitten unb funfjditttett SBarbd. 

<^ort 'Stidtmotib, wcldier Diftrift am Delaware liegt, norblicb unb 
norb=oftlidi Pont altenftcnfingtoit, wurbe herporgebobett bttrdi bie (Siabltrung 
att bent pmtfte, bed pennt.iud bed port ber Sbbe unb ftlutl) hcrrubrcitben 
SBofferd ber Neabtng N. N. So. fur ibrett uitgcbeureit itoblenhanbel jnr 
©cc. 'Died png gietd) an, bad uttfruditbare ftanb in ber llmgegenb ( ^it 
perbeffertt, beun bie i'abuttgd * pierd, bie .ftoblenbepotd, bie £ocontotioen= 
fjdufer, SBerfftatten, 23ureaur,:c v pernrfaditen cine bebeutenbe 23ertnel)rung 
ber Stnw obiter^ Id, bie Srbauuttg Pott ©obnbduferit, grof-e Dttdttgfett unb 
rafeper ftortfepritt in feter £)tnftd)t. Der Hoblcnhaubcl t?at ben ©itinbftetn 
ju eineitt Nianufafturpanbel in btefent Diftrift gelegt, ber Pott 2£enigen 
itbertroffen rnirb. 

®te urn fccr 0fnbt Itcftettfceit ^orfer im£> 

$on bett anberett Diftviften unb Dorfern, wcldieje|d in bie ©tab! eitt* 
Forporirt ftnb, ftnb bie unttiforpo<irien Northern Vibertted, Nicetown, Nt* 
fittg ©tut, Penn Diftrift, grancidPtlle, Hamilton Mage, N?antua, 23lctf* 
lep, ftdtgfeffing. Pdfjpunfuitb Ntopamenfing. fo aufgebant worbett, bap fie 
jebt in tfetrflidiFeit uttb bent Nainett ttad) bie ©tabt felbft fittb. Nile bie 
DiftriFte unb Dbrfcr Wefiltcft Pont ©dutplftll $luf, bie pier uttb jmanjigfte 
unb fteben uttb ^wattjigfte Mrb einne^menb, ftnb Pott £anbtorfern *u 
33orftdbten ber ©tabt geworben, unb obgle;d) fie ftcb tied) burd) ipre febbnen 
SBotmhdufer mit gut beftelltm (Sdrteit aue^eidnten, ha ben ftcb bie uttper* 
metblidien Nethett pon 2?acffte nhdufertt and) fdiott eingebrdngt. ^3et 
grattfforb, frolntedburg, SBribedburg, s lftoitapttnF, ©ermantown, Speftnut 
f)tll unb Norborough fontnieit btefelben Neitberuitgen por, aber langfatner. 
Nuper ben 2Bef)nuttgen ber^bletbettben Siitwohtter, werbett fte audi lepr t'tt 
Nnfprudi genontmen aid ©ommerwobnuttgen, unb Pott ©efcba'ftd- uttb 
Nmtdleuten; alle auper Speftuut f)ill, pabett Sabrifeu Pott bettett tnattche 


5 1 


23 a be lecum. 


fepr grop ftnb. ffiorborougb unb Sbefhtut Ml ftitb am pbcpflett gelcgett 
u ib [tub mtt ftp bn ett Satibbauicrn gefront. „Tbe 5all3 of ©cpuplftlTjmt* 
bait etne ber ^. b^ten s 2lr$nettyaa*eitTabrtf tit btefem Sattbe unb grope Xep* 
ptcp- unbattbere ffabrifett tynrbett yor ^urgent crbaut. 

Die fflupfront ber ©tabt tft fepr grop, ititb bietet febr yerfepiebenarttge 
3nbuftrie$iyetge bar. 3nbent matt am Delaware bet SBribeSburg anfdngt, 
ftttbet man bad 2lrfenal ber 23eretmgten ©taaten am lifer, unb fubltd) yon 
ttribedburg grope ituocpntfccpereien unbSetmfabrtfen. 3nSRtcpntonb ftnb bte 
gropett .vt'obieitlabuitgsioerfte ber „9 ( teabt'ug Slatlroab (Sompanp'Mntt 2)?et* 
ien yon Steferitttgdfcpteneitn>ege, you betteit ttoplett auf ©d)irfe_ gelabett 
tocrbeit, bte jufammrn mepr Xonnntgebalt baben, aid bufrentren ©cbiffehtt 
£afcn oon 9ien\9)ovf. Daun fomnten bieSJiafcpitteu* u. (Stfentvcrfe, -icptlTf 3 
baubofe, 23aupo!glager,2c., oon ^enftngton uito Northern Stbcrtied. JDie 
S53erfte yor ber alteit ©tabt btenett pauptfdcpltfP bent 23tftual= uitb ®pe- 
^eretbanbel; bie fjftdrfte bett Santerjeugitiffen, ^ifcpcn, Sluftent, ;c. into bie 
Sanbungdroetfre fur Jlupboote unb jjapren. Steep tyetter unten am $lup 
finb bie gropett 3ucferrafftnertcn, bte Dn)*D)ocfd, bie 'IBaarenpdufer unb 
SBerfte fur ben 5iScft*3nbifd;cn ^attbel, bteSBcrfte unb depots ber „fPenn- 
fplyanta jJlatlroab" unb ber „^Intertfait'' unb ,,3tcb ©tar" D)antpffd)tff= 
linien, ber Ulariuepof, bte floplcn* unb $oplb(tycrfte ber ,,fPennfpiyania 
Stailroab" unb ber itettc War in el; of auf,league 3slunb". ®ebt man 
urn bte £>ptl 3 e yon Seagtte 33lattb, unb folgt bent ©dutplfill, fo finbetmatt 
bad grope ©etretbetoaarenpaud ber ^ettnfplyania Stailroab", grope $e- 
troleu ntfabrifeu it no .'Kaffincricit, bie (Sadfabrtf ju fpoittt 39ree$e, bte 
$aupt = Warmore unb ©teinpofe fur ©rand, frentbe unb etiipettntfdje 
Warm ore; unb bte Sloplcnlieferungdtveifte. Due gropett Warmorbbfe 
liegen gerabe fitbltd) you ber Speftnut ©trape = 23riicfe, toeld)cd bie norb*- 
licpe ©cbiffaprtdgrenje fitr feegepenre ©cbiffe tft. Cberbalb fetter 23rucfe 
finb grope ©ppbfabrtfen ttttb bie ©tattgaefabrif ant bftltcpcit lifer, bad 
©cplacptpaud unb bte 23tepbofe btr 'Pcuttiplyanta Sfiatlroab am tveftlid'en. 
Dbevpalb bed ftairmount Dammed lauft ter $lup ettte <Strcde you futtf 
Wcilitt burcl) ben s ]3arf; yon ben fallen bed ©dntplMl febed; fattgen bie 
ftabrifen mieter an unb you bent ebett genannten 'plane bid gum olcnt 
(Sncc yon Wattapunf bepttben fid; yicie gabrtfen am lifer, fitr bie ber 5'lup 
bte SCajferfraft liefert. 

JBroao ^trape, obgletcb fept gerabe tit etttem 23erbe||crungdjnftanbe, tft 
megett tprer 23reite, fdtbneu Sage unb ben febott baran gentacpteit 2?erbef=* 
ferungen, eitte ber feponften ©trapett 'pbtlabelppia’^. 3m Corbett yon 
Bairntount 51yeitue unb tin ^tibett yon Si'afliingtott Slyettue beftnben ftd> 
febbnc 23opttl)dufer unb fttrepen, tyte and) ntebr ober tyentger ttt ber 9?ape 
ber spruce ®trape. 3 rc, febeit ben p'unften ift bte ©trape ttt bent 3^=* 
flan be, (eittmal ju SBaarenpdufetn unb ^oplettlagertt gebrauebt) bap Stab^ 
rtfett, grope -fbotelb, bffentlttpe elan be ttitb Mtrebeit, .^oblctt lager, flctue 
SBobnungen unb grope febotte SSobnbdufer elute ©pmetrie uutetetnanber 
gebaut finb. Slit ber 33roab unb 2)?arfet ©trape merbett bte lteueti ©tabt= 
gebaube erriebtet, unb norbltd) yon biefett, greet 23loct yon ber Cartel 
©trape, bepnben ftcb bret foftbare Steepen, ber itette grettnaurertentpei unb 
bte tteue ©emaibegallcrte. 3 lr 'M*dteit ber SallotybiU unb ^prtnggarbcn 
©trape liegett bte gropett 23albtyin Sofontotiycu = 23crfe unb anbere grope 
3nbuftrtepaufer, 


58 a t> e 50? c c u nt. 


53 


^ic «£>cimatT)cn von ^Hrilabelplu^* 

Die ^opnititgen tit ber „©tabt bcr $eimatl;en" fittb fo gut cttten 23e* 
fud) tvcrtb, tvic btc bffcntltcben Sjnftttute. ©te batten von vier btd jtvan;pg 
3inmter, into b e ntobenten fattier, toad and) tf)re©rbpe fetn mbge, fint> 
getvbpnlid) mit ($3ad, t>ei§em into faltcnt SBaffer ttnb mtt £>etgern verfeben. 
Die meiften-paben tBabejimmer. 3ebcd 3^ mm er {ft privat, ba ed von ber 
. ©trape burd) 03dnge, bte (et>r tvcntg fur aitbcre Recife braud)baren 0)la$ 
tvegnebntcn, erreidjt tvtrb, unb febed 3^ nimcr if* gut mit £uft mtb IMcbt 
verfeben. Oleine f)bfe obcr (S3 dr ten gepbren ju jebem £aufe, unb privat- 
gdpdtcu fupren von bcr ©trape nad; ben •£>bfett Die £dufer fcbeinen alle 
ttaeb bentfelben 'plane gebaut $it fetn, tit 5Btrtiid)f'eit put man febed; vter 
obcr funf verfcpiebette fpidne, t)tnftd)tlid) bcr inncm (Sinridjtung. Die 
fPldite, itad) bciten fie gebaut ftnb, babcn fid) it ad) unb nad) ver effect, unb 
fcbeinen, tvad (Sinfacbbett, tJOl'ligfeit, s 43rquemltd)fett into 3 U! ^ c Jg e 5 0 g cn " 
i)ctt betrifTt, nicbtd $u tvunfdjett ilbrtg laffett. Die ftnb in b>ietbcn gebaut, 
unt baburd) btc ^d)eibungc'tvanb iu fparen. 3n ben lefcteren 3at)ren ift 
btc gegenfetttge 5lebnitddctt iprer du§crcit Dceorationen ettvad gertttger ge- 
maept burd) ben (Rebrand) von farbtgctt eteiiten, anftatt tveip.m farmer, 
unb burd) bad s ftnftrctd;cn bcr ^o'jarbcit mtt betlen ffirbcn. Die beften 
SBeifpicle bed mobernen iPptlabelppia $>aufed pnbet matt nbrblid) von bcr 
(35irarb s 2lvenue, iveftlid) ber neuittett ©trape, unb tm fubtveftlid;en Xpcile 
bcr ©tabt. Sine grope 3upl bcr ©opnpdufer in iPPilabelppia gepbrt ipren 
23etvopnertt. Dad Dp [tent, (53elb auf bjrunbpnd ju bergeit, ivclebed frit- 
her beftanb, palf 'ftrbeitertt fid) etgene ■fictmatben jit grunben unb tit ben 
lepten 3apren babcn bie £kiu= unb ^eip^lffociationen von $)ptiabelpbia ed 
Daufcitben von £eutert ntbgltcp gcntad)t, ^duier $u faufen unb bafiir in- 
terinidmcife ju be^aplen, burd; eiited ber beften erfuitbenen 3ufamtnen- 
tvirfuugdfpfteme. 

D'ic ©ti*af;eit. 

Der grbpere Xpetl $pilabe!ppia’d ift in iParafle'ogrammen aitdgelcgt/ 
bap btc ©trapen recpttvintelig anetnanber licgcit, unb tvirb baburcp_ bad 
(jpftem bed $audnummertrend ct'tt etitfacbcd. Die £dufer an belt ©tra* 
pen, bic von Dften nad) deficit laufen, ftnb nad) £unberten itunintcrirt, 
intern man von bcrjvront ©trape, in bcr iftdpe bed Delaware, anfdngt. 
Die #dufer auf ber ©iibfeite trageit gerabe ift tint merit, unb bic attf bcr 
iftorbfeitc ungerabe. ©o ftnb bie iftummern attf bcr iftorbfcite von bcr 
Gpeftnut ©trape, ittbein man an ber edifteit ^trape anfdngt, 601, 603, 
()05 :c. unb auf bcr ©iibfeite 600, .602, 604 u. f tv. 5ln ber ftebenten 
©trape fattgen bte ift urn merit mtt 700 an, unb fo faitgt febe folgenbe 
©trape mtt etnem £mnbcrt iprer etgeneit Summer an. 

Die s D?arfet ©trape tvtrb aid DpetUinie t)infid)t id; ber ^audnummern 
ber ©trapen, btc von ©ubeit itacb 0?orben gebett, genommen. Die gera- 
ben 0?itmmern ftnb auf bcr 2Bcftfctte btefer ©trapen unb bte ungcrabenattf 
ber Dftfcitc. 0fo. 1 s )iorb unb 0io. i ^iib beginnt ait ber Warfet ©trape. 
9?o. 100 ift orb beginnt an bcr 3lrd; ©trape, ba e? tie erfte ^)aupt|trape 
nbrblid) ber s )ftarfet ©trape ift, tfto. 100 ©iib beginnt an ber Sbeltnut 
©trape, ber erften ^auptpiape ftt^id) ber 9ftarfet ^ttrape. golgettbed ftnb 
bie ©trapeit, bie mit berSftarfet ©trape parallel laufen, netblieb unb fub* 


N. 


54 


55 a b e 9ft e c u m 


ltd) you tpr. Die 9?ummern bebeuten bte Rummer, bte ben £aufern qc- 
gebett ift, itorbltd) ober jublicp, h)te ebeit bte ^trafien Itcgcn mbgen. Die 
Dtrapen, bte fettte s ftumntent paben, ftnb fdonate ober furjc Dtrapen $n>i= 
fdjctt ben fjauptftrajjen. 


fto. 9?erb 

1 Sftarfet, Odlberl. . 
— Sommer e, Spurd). 
100 Slrcb, Sherri). 

200 Mace, 53rancp ften>. 
3U) 53ine, QBoob. 

4oO Sati mbill, SBillow. 
— ftoble, 9ftargaretta. 
500 23ntton voob. 

— Dprtttg S3arben. 

600 Screen. 

— Sftount 53ertton. 

— UBaUace, Sfteton. 

700 patent mint Sfaemtc. 
— Dime. 

800 S3ronm, fparrifp, 

— Dgbcit. 

900 poplar, 2aure(. 

-leaver, (>3eorge. 

1200 ©trarb Sloe., Dtitc£. 
1300 tXbompfon, Deybert. 
1400 9ft after. 

1500 2'sefferfon. 

•1600 Qrforb. 

1700 Solumbta Sloenue. 
1800 9ftontgomery Slocnue. 
1900 S3erfb. • 

2000 Morris, DtiS. 

2 loo Oiamottb. 

2200 DuSquepanna Sloe. 

2 4)0 Daupput. 

2400 glorf. 

2500 Sumbcrlanb. 

2600 £>untingbin. 

' 27oO 2eptgp Sloe., 

2800 ^omerfet. 

2900 Sambrta. 

3000 3nbtana. 

3100 Slearfielb. 

3.00 SUlcgpany. 


9? o. Dub. 

1 9ftarlet, 3ayne. 

— 9ftcrd)ant, 9fttnor. 
100 Speftnut, Da it font. 

— library, Dorf. 

200 SGalnut, Mocuft. 
300 Dprttce, Unton. 

400 ffttne. 

500 2otnbarb, ©aSfill. 
600 Doutp. 

700 S3aiitbrtbge. 

— 9ftonroe. 

— Bitvvater, (German. 
800 Satberittc, Queen. 
900 Sprtfttan, 9ftarriot. 
1000 Sarpenter. 

1100 2Bnf ping ton. 

-SlSivortp. 

1200 fvcberat, 9ftarton. 
1300 S3 par ton. 

1400 Meeb. 

1500 Dtrfinfon. 

-©rcenroicp. 

1600 Z abler. 

1700 9ftorrtS, fierce. 
1800 9ft core, Dtegel. 
1900 3ft if fl in. 

2000 Wc® an. 

2100 Dnyber. 

2200 3acffon. 

2300 53olf. 

2 too Mttner. 

2300 'Porter. 

2600 Dpunf. 

2700 Oregon Sloe. 

2800 3obnfon. 

2900 S3tgler. 

3000 p L'llocf. 

3100 Pacfer. 

3200 Surttn. 


Ceffetttlicfoc parfc (3<iuavc$). 

Die bffentlicpen Dqttares — „bie Sungen ber Dtabt" — ftnb gnt per- 
tbeilt, uitb obg(etd) menig 03e(b \u ibrer fititfUtcben Ddnmtcfting, aujjcrpon 
ber Dpi in jbrunnen (>3efelt|d)aft jit ftpitabetppia, aubg geben worben i|t, 





finb^eS bod) angcnebnte 2lu^rut)epla0e tnt ffritbiabr, (Sommer imb £>erbft, 
fur Xaufenbe DouJB'ienfdten, bte ntcbt gum $arf geben fontten. 

3nbepenbettce Square, auf bent bte Unabbdngigfeitg'batte. bag (55crid)tg- 
bauei, bag (35ebaube, in bent ber erfte (Songref gufammentrat, bag bureau 
bee fPiaporg uttb anbere bffentltcbe (SJebaube fteben, ift ber 33lod, toclcber 
»on ber fiiuften, fed)ften, (Sbeftnut unb SBalnut Strafe begrengt totrb. (Sr 
tft feit lectern 3at;r Derfdjbnert toorbett unb ftnb oiclc Don ben 33dumen ab- 
gefdat toorbett. 

SBafbtngton Square toirb Don ber fcdtftcn, fiebentcn, SQaluut unb So- 
enft Strafe begrengt. (Sr roar fruiter citt .dtrcbbof fur finite. 

grranfltn Square trnrb Don ber fecbften, graafltit, 9iace unb 3?itte Strafe 
begrengt._(Sr emtralt etttcn grofen Sprtngbrunneit unb tft gut Petoalbct. 

Sogan Square totrb Don ber 3tace, 33tue, acptgebnteu unb neungebntea 
Strafe begrengt. 

Ultttenboufe Square totrb Dott ber Walnut, SocufV acbtgebnten unb tteun- 
gebntcit Strafe_ begrengt unb tft Doit fc|bnen fprtoattoobnungen umgeben. 

Dte fPeittt Sqttareg toarett fritter an ber 33roab unb fjftarfet Strafe gc- 
Icgctt, ittbcrn fie bte Dt'er SBtnfel biefer brcttcn Strafen etttnabmen. ‘Tie 
muett Stabtgebdube, tv el die jejjt tnt 33 au begriffett ftnb, fteben auf bent 
fptatj, bett bte Squared friiber tune batten unb bent £urd)fd)nittgpunft ber 
betben Strafen. (Sine incite Sltlee totrb bte Stabtgebdube umgebett. 

^orris? Square tourbe ber Stabt Don £>errtt 3iaaf $. fJiorrig gum (53e- 
fdtcnfe gentaebt. (Sr tinrb Doit ber Sugquebantia 3Ioenue, ber £ancocf, 
IDtamonb unb fDotoarb strafe begrengt. 

3efferfou Square totrb Don ber brtiten, Dterten unb Bebcral Strafe unb 
SBafbington 31oenue begrengt. 

9?od) anbere Squared. — 3tt ber (SJtrarb Sloe ’ue unb Spring (ftarben 
Strafe ftnb ftfrunbftucfe, auf be ett fruiter offene fJJlarftbdufer ftanben 
obergu fteben beftiinmt toaren, gtt Ordrten auggelegt toorbett, uttb in oer= 
fcbtebeneit £bedett ©tabt breieefige Orunbfturfe, toclcbe buret) bte 
X)urd)fd)nitte Doit Strafen, bte tit btagottaler SJiidttung bttrdt bte Stabt 
laufett gebilbet toorbett, gu ©drten auggelegt, auf Stofteu ber tit ber Utn- 
gebuttg toobnenbeu 33itrgcr. 

= $l&rc#frtlcitfccr. 

(£ttt$ctt$ 51.21V (?o. — 3ebnte unb ctlfte Strafe. (55clbe (Sar 
(JBagen), grttned Sidtt. ?Koute: 'Die gepnte berunter gur3^eet» Strafe, Don 
ba gur eilften, bte eilfte bfrauf big gur £iantonb, gttr gebnten, gur Station 
an ber (Scfe ber fERotitgomerp 3loettue. 

SRiffltn Sti*. Btvetg.-—$elbe(£ar,rotbegStdd. .^outc: 'Ftejebntc 
berunter, bicgtoblfte ferauf, Doit ber ©barton gur Mifflin Strafe. 

(?oittincittal 2®. (£o.—©onberfJSftontgcmerpSloe. unb add- 

gebnten bte fDiontgomcrp Sloenue berauf gttr gtoangtgftrn, jur ^Ktbge 3lDe- 
jtue, gur South (Sollege Sloenue, gur (Sortntbian 2Ioenue gur ^arrifd), gur 
gtoangigften, gur ^eberal, gur acbtgebnten, gur 3ranci^, gttr s Perftonmt unb 
gur 33titeparb strafe, gur ^itbge 31 Den tie, gur acbtgebnten Strafe unb 
battit gur station an ber fDiontgomerp SlDenite. £>te ©efellfcbaft bat ba^ 
©orreept, mebrere 3^ctgbabncn gu tauen. 


56 


23 a b e 50^ ecu m. 


(Smptre $>• 28. CTo.—3i»fa’Ifte unb fccbbgebntc Strafe. ©elber 

SBagen, rotl;e« 2id)t. 9foute: Tit gtoblfte blunter gur ©barton, gur 
ftebenje^ntcn, gur @arpcnte_r, gur frcbbgebnten, bie fecbbgebnte berauf gur 
Sftontgomerp $yenue, gur station an ter fide ber gtoblften Strafe. 

Sfcranfforb unfe Sontlju'av? 9t. 21'. 0 ?p. — Sunfte 
nnb fecl>fte Strafe. ©elber ©agett, rotbeb 2icbt. S^oute: — ^enfington 
Sloenue berunter gur grout Strafe, gur 23erfb, gur fecbften, gurSatffon, gur 
fuuften Strafe, bie liinfte berauf gur 23e;fb, gur grout, gur $enjutgton 
Avenue, gur station an ber Citfe ber Sumtcrlanb Strafe. 

Sefugli 2loomte unfc Rowell Stvaftc 3wct0» — ©rimer 
©agen. griineb 2icbt. 3^oute— Tit $enfington 2loenue berauf gur 2e- 
bigb 2l»cnue, gur fecbften, bie fccbftc berunter gur Rowell, gur funften, bte 
fnuftc berauf gur 2ebigb 2loenue, gur 5tenfington 21 ^enue, gur Station, 

ftraitffprfc &ampfs8inic* — 3 u 'eig ber fitnften unb fecbften 
(Strafe 2inte. 0{oute: — T iegranfforb Strafe Remitter gur ftenfington 
2loenue, gur Sumberlanb, gur Station tint) guriid. 

Germantown X». 9t. 21'. (*» v d. 2'iei*te iutfc> aefttc 3tvaf;c. 

©elber ©aqeti, griineb 2idv. tlioute: — ITie ‘Daupbin Strafe bernnter 
guv ©ermantcron 2l»enue, gur yierten, gitr Xtdtnfon, gur ad)tnt, bte acbte 
berauf gur Columbia 2lvenue, gur ftebenten, gur Sitbquebanna Slyenue, 
gur ad)ten, gur Station an ber adjtcn unb UDaurbiu Strafe. 3eber an- 
bare ©agen get)t bie ©alnut Strafe bib gur adgten berauf. 

German — ©elber ©agen, gruneb 2 d)t. JRoute:— 

3?on ber Eaupbiit Strafe bie acbte berauf bib gur ©ermantoton Sloenue, 
battn nad) ©ermantoton unb guruef. 

Girarb 2(ooituc 3^ctP. — ©elber SFagem rotbeb 2id)t. JJiottte: 
£)te ©irarb 2toenue cutiang gur fainter, 23eacb, Sbacfamarort strafe, 
gur ©trarb unb Situ 21 y nue, nad) ben 2lubfteUungbgeb..uben bet 23elmont 
Sloenue unb benfelben ©eg guruef. 

Green init> Goatee 2t. 21'. CTo.—©runer ©agen, roffeb 

2id)t. .^outc: — 23om (Singang beb "Parfb bie gairmount 2lyenue bib gur 
gtyet unb gtoangigften strafe berunter, bann gur ©rcen, gur yierten, gur 
Ditfinfon, gur adjtcn Strafe, bie acbte. berauf gur gairmount 2loenue unb 
gum $arf. X)ie ©agen gefen ablvccbfelnb bie ©alnut Strafe berauf. 

Delaware ftlujijwctg.— ©runer ©agen, rotbeb 2idd. 9tcute: 
£)ie Scadt strafe berauf gur gairmount 2fyenue, gur aditen Strafe unb 
gur d bie gairmount 2lyenue berunter gur yierten, gur ©rcen, gur 23ead; 
Strafe. 

^eftonoitlc, Wattfua uttb X'* 9t. 28. C^o* — ©elber ©a- 
gen, rotbeb 2icbt. fftoutc: — Die 2aneaftcr Sloenue berunter gur |)aoer- 
forb 2lyenue, gum untereu 2be:l ber gairmount 33rutfe, gur tSaltotobtU, gur 
gtoei unb gmangigften, gur 3tace, gur gmeiten, gur ©a nut, gur Docf, gur 
britten, gur 35iue, gur btet unb gtoaugtgften unb gur Spring ©arben 
Strafe, gum oberen Ibetl ber gairntount 23rude, gur Spring ©arben, 
©eiVpbtiabcipbia, gur 2anca[ter 2lontue, gur 23eltnont 2loeitue unb bann 
na.b ben 2lubfteUuugbgebduben. Station, bret unb uiergigfte Strafe unb 
Sancafter Sloenue. 


23at>e SDcecum. 


57 


$cftotttttUe — ©riiner 28 a gen, rotbeg ?idbt. £te 2an=* 

crtfter Avenue t>erauf jur jtoet unb funfjtgften unb jur station an ber bret 
unb oterjtgfien Strafe auf bentfelben 23ege jurud. 

^ 3lt*d) Strafe .'BtDCtjJ. — ©elbcr 2£agcn, grunts $?icbt. 97cute:— 
T'ie Hamilton Strafe tjcriimer jur fiinf unb j»anjigften,jur Spr ng©ar* 
Pen, jur jtoanjtgften, jur jtoeiteit unb juritrf bie civets Strafe berauf jur 
etn unb jtoanjtgfteu, jur @allotol;tU, jur ^ fatten nut Stiffen nacp ben 
SlugfteUungggebaubcn. 

Sombarb unb South S trapse 5?, 3ft>. (?o. — ©elber 
2£agen, rottjei? i'tcbt. fftoute:— Tic Sombarb strafe berunter jur 
gront, jur Docf Strap c,jur Delaware Sloennr unb juriicf bte T)orf Strape 
berauf jur grout, jur South Strafe unb jur Station an ber (Scfe ber fiinf 
unb jtoanjgftcn unb South Strafe. 

SriMtchct* ftiimcj. — Slotber 2Bagcn, griineg ?id)t. S^oute: — 
23on ber station an bermijebntcn strafe unb Snpocr SJoeuue, tteSnp- 
ber Slontue berime- jur jtoolften Strafe, jur £trftn[on. jur ad)teit, jur 
(Sbriftim, jur uinften, jur Sombarb, jur oterten, jyr Somb Strafe, ^ur 
2'affpuni Sloenuc, jur Mifflin unb jur jtob>ften Strafe, jur Supbcr Sloe* 
nue, jur 23roab Strafe, 

$0lnitat)uit? mtb 97o£borouflh £jfnclitteb QMaue $>. 9t. 
3SS. (?o. — ^oute: — 37tbge Sloenuc oon barren £ili ju SMffabttfcn 
Station att bent Slorrigtcton 3 lv eig Per 3teabtng Of. Of. unb juriitf. 

3M)tIabclp>l)ta 9t. (£o. — Cpeftnut unb SBal- 

nut strafe, ©riiner SBagett, rotbeg 2td)t. 97oute: — 23on ber Station 
ntr jtort unb oterjtgften Strafe, bann bte Sbeftnut Strafe berunter ^ur 
grout, jur SBalnut, jur jroei unb jtoanjigften, jur d^cftnnt, jur Station 
an ber jtoet unb oterjigften strafe, 

^airmonut 3>arF t<^.— 1 ©elber SBagen, gelbeg 8idtt. 97cute: 

Tte Belmont Sloenuc berunter jur £ancafter Sloenue, jur jtoet unb bret= 
ftgften, jur ®befhtut, jur grout, jur Walnut, jur jtoet unb j to an jig [ten, jur 
(Ebeftnut, jur jtoet unb breifigften, jur Jdancafter Sloenuc, jur 23e(mcnt 
Sloentte, jur Station in ber 97a^e beg s ))arfg unb ber Slugftedungggebaube. 

3>arbt) — 97ctf>er 2Bagen, toeifeg Sicbt. 97outc: — £)ie 

Tarbp ^oab berunter jur 2i3oobIanb Sloettue, jur Gbeftnut, jur grout, jur 
SBatnut, jur jtoet unb *tt?anjigften, jur Sbeftnut, jur 2Booblanb Sloenue, 
jur Dar.bp j){oab unb nacb Darbp. 

Wount Mortal) 3^010.—23Iauer 2Bagnt, toetfeg £idbt. 97outc: 
^tefelbe n)tc ber Sarbp3 we ^/ &t3 ®?ount SJioriab. 

3>btlabdvl)ia unb ©rat)’-§ ^cvrt) 33J* (?o.—Spruce 

unb 'Ptite Strafe. 

©rat)^ ftervt) — SBeifer S53agen, rotfeg Stdft. 97oute: 

©ecbfel jur jtoetten, jur ^me,’ jttr brei unb jtoanjigftett, jur ©rap'g gerrp 
jRcab, jur ©rap'g gerrp 23rurfe; juriicf nad) ©rap’g gerrp 97oab, jur 
ftian, jur jtoei unb jtoanjigften, jur Spruce, jur britten, jur Walnut, jur 
23orfe. Station, brei unb jtoanjtgfte unb Spruce Strafe. 

3 * 


53 


33 a b c 93? c c u m. 


ffrurmouttt 9$ turf ;3u*cifl. — Xiefelbe n>ie obige, bis jur tret 
uub jtoanjtgften, bon tort jur Motto'll, jur fiinf tint gtvaitgigftcn, jitr 
©rent Strafe unb bann jum $)arf; gurxtcf bia ber fItnf unb ^wan^toiften, 
jur Hamilton, gur jtoei into jtbanjtgften unb bon ba Kings ber oben tefc^rte* 
beneit Sioutc. 

Wcovlc't %>. 9t. m. O5o. ^rtUenUttU 0traf*e. -©elber 
SBagcn. Oolite: — 33om $a'f - (Etngang ^ur 33trtle, $ur bier unb jtoan- 
•ugftcn, $ur (£aUotof)ill, jur gront, ^ur 23tne, jur Delaware Slbcnue; juriicf 
Kings ber 23itte Strafe jur $orf Slbeitue, jur SaUowl)tU, jum Sdjuylftll 
gluffe unb bent (Stngang bcS J'arfS. 

Sfttige Avenue (?o. - ©elber©agen, ratify. 

^outc: — Die S^tbge $lbenue jur ^ebntcn, gur 9lrd), }ur jtreiten unb ju* 
riicf bie 2lrd) (Strode berauf ^ur neunten, jttr SKtrgc tibenue, jttr (Station 
an ber jtret unb treiftgflen Strafe unb Oitbge 3ibntue, bent Dftetngang 
brS part's gegenuber. 

9tad) 9Ranai)iuif*—©elber SBagen, ntit blaucr gabne unb rot^cm 
£id)t, gefyt bon ber britten unb 3lrd) strafe jebe fuufjebn Winuten, waty* 
renb teS So miners, nad) Wattayunf ab, bia ber JRibge Slbenue, obitc ju 
tb dtteln. 3nt 3auuar, gehruar unb Warj geben bie SBagen bon ber 
(Station auS jebe jtoattjig Winutcn nad) Wattayunf. 

3*v>citc tint Dvitte Stvaftc $>. 9t. S. (£o. — SDetper 

SBagen, gritneS £id)t. JKoute:— Die granfforb SIbenne jur 3efferion 
beruuter, jur jibfttcn, jur Wtfflin into jttr britten (Strafe, jur ©erntan* 
totoit iHbenue, jur Drforb, jur grout,$ur Stntber (Strafe, jur Station. 

♦franXfort) — SBetfcr 2£agcn, rotfe gabne, gritneS Bicbt. 

Oolite: — Die granfforo Slbenue berattf jttr ^)aul strafe, bei Slrrot mirb 
e tte ^eitlnng ft fl gebalten, unb batttt ^uriicf bie Wain (Strafe t?erunter jur 
graufforb Sloenue jur station, an ber (Sd'e ber £ef)tgb 3loeitue. 

Storth Venn 3wet<i. — ©ritner SXagett, orangenfarbigeS £td)t. 
Sioute:—Die graufforb 3tbeitue Remitter jur ^untingbon, jur Soral, jur 
(£untberlanb, *ur Sntcralb, gur X)auyf)ine^ur jtbeiten /( ^ur Xocf, jn-r britten 
(Strafie, jur ©ermantoton Slbenue, jur Dr orb, jur britten, jur 33«'rfs, jur 
jweiten, jur glcrf, jttr (Soral, jur (Suntberlanb, jur Slntber (Strape unb jur 
(Station. 

$itcfnnpiit> 3u>ctg. — Mother 20agen, rctbrS ?td)t. ^Route: — 
Xie Vebtgt) SXbcnue berauf jur ^iicbntoitb ©tra§e, jur graufforb 3fbettue, 
jttr 'JJianberfon, ^ur 23cad), ^ur laurel (Strafe, jur Xelatoare unb jur 
gatrmount 31benue, ^ur jtoeiten, *ur Xod, ^ttr britten, jur 33ron>tt t)erauf, 
jur Sead), jur Wanbcvfou (Strape, jur graufforb unb gur ©jrarb 3lbenue, 
Sitr Morris unb 9(idponb (Strafe, jur i?et)igf) Slbenue, jur Station an ber 
(5de ter (Sbgemout Strafe. 

!©rite^bnvg 3n'Ct(|.—23eifer SBagett, tbcifeS DicJ;t. S'foute:— 
Xie £ebigb Slbcnue berauf ^ttr ^tebmonb etrafe, jitr 23rtbge, jur 2Ba|t)- 
ington (Strafe. 2luf bentfefben 2Bege jur Station juritef. 


$ a b c M e c u m* 


59 


^ ^rout Sfraftc 3u>etg. — SBeiuer SBagen. ?Routet — Dte 
gatrmount 3I»cnue berunter gur 9fetv Marfet, gur $tne, gur gront, gur 
unb auf bemjelben 3Beg guritcf. 

^Ulcgftettt) 5(t)cttuc 3ci<| * — ©elber jjBagen, toetfe3 Btcbt. 
Pouter — sBoix ber 2ebtgb Slyeitue bte 3tid)tmnb Strafe berauf gur 3U- 
legbettp 3loenue. 5tuf betnfelbeu itfeg guritcf. 

Sicbc !$cbnte nnb 9tcun$ebnte Strafte 9t. 33$. (*p. 

©e.ber 3Bigcn, rotbes l*icbt, 9ioutc: — Die neungebnte berauf gur 9?or- 
ri3, gur fiebengebnten Strafe, gur S^ibge 3Denue, gur grancis, gur fteben- 
gebnten, gur Carpenter, gur neuugebnteit, gur Station an ber Rafter 
Strafe. 

Dreqelmtc nut) ftiinfgeTmtc Strafte 9f. 3£>. (?p. — 

(Columbia 31 venue — ©rimer SBagen, griine^ Sidjt. JJioute: — 

Die Carpenter Strafe beranf gur funfgebnten, gur Rafter Strafe, gur 
5>Cibge nnb Columbia Sfoenue, gur breigepnteu, gur Carpenter, gur 33roab, 
gur Station oberfalb ber 3Baf§tngton 3loemtc. 

9iorrt$ Sjraftc 3’PCig.— ©elber SBagett, rotbe-3 Stdjt. S'ioute: 
Die Carpenter strafe berauf gur funfgebnten, gur Columbia Sloenue, gur 
23roab, jur horrid, ^ur breigebnten, gur Carpenter, gur 33roab Strafe, gur 
Station oberljatb ber SBaibittgton 3lpenne. 

Sub QSrpab Straftc 3' l 'dg. ~ ©fiber SBagen, rotbetf Bicbt. 
^ontc: — 33on ber Station, oberbalb ber Saftiington 3loeitue, bte 33roab 
Strafe berunter bis gur 3Bolf Strafe, nnb benfclbcit 2Beg berauf. 

9ipvb v 2$rpab Stvafte 3^da- — ©elber SBagen, rot^e^ D'cbt. 
S^oute: — 33on ber 9forrid Strafe bte 23roab berauf $ur 9?. 2). 3i. 
function. Dettfelben 3Peg guritcf. 

Ituiptt 9D 3$$. C?p 9>av¥ unb Wartttc&pf 3^cig — 

©clber SBagen, rotbeg £td)t. S^oute: — Die 33roron Strafe berunter gur 
bret unb gtoangtgften, gur 2BaUace, gur fttanffin, gur 9face, gur fiebenten, 
gur ftebcral, gur ftront, gur barton, jur neun ett, ^ur Spring ©armt, 
gur brei unb gtoangigften, gur 23rown, jum (Stttgangbed "Parfib. 

'Diicftmpitb 3'ucig — ©ritner SBagen, gruneg ^idbt, fRoute: — 
Die 'Ibontpfon Strafe benmter gur Marlborough, gur 33e(grabe Strafe, 
gttr Jranfforo 3Ioettue, gur 3Jiaftcr, gur graitfltn, gur Sfiact. gur febemen, 
gur s ]3a||v)uuf 3l'.'enue, gur (Sflswortb, gur 33roab, gur (ibrtfttan Strafe 
berauf, gur neunteit, gur Spring ©arbett, gur fiebenten, gur Drfbrb, gur 
pierten, gur s }forrib, gur Mempbib gur £lorf, gur Xbcntpfon Strafe unb 
gur Station an ber ©cfc ber 3iorrt^ Strafe. 

<?plumbia 3lPCiuie fttPCig. — ^otfter SBagen, oranaenfarbiged 
£icbt. Sfoute: — Die Solttmbm 3ioenue berunter gur grantlin Strafe, 
gur fJtacc, gur fiebenten, gur Marfet, gur ^ront Strafe. 3 ur ^ bet' Mar- 
fet Strafe berauf gnr neunten, gur Spring ©avbnt, gur ftebenten_Strafe, 
gur (Solumbia 3Iyenue, gur Station an ber bret uttb gtoangigt.eu Strafe. 

Spring ©arbett uttb poplar Strafe 3wetg. — Sin 

5Jferb, rctfer SJPagen, rotbed Sicbt. 9^oute: — Die 33ronm Strafe berun¬ 
ter gur brei unb gtpangigften, gur SBallace, gtuei unb gtoangiaften, gur 
Spring ©arbett, gur fiebenten, gur s ))op ar, gur neuit unb gtvangigften, gum 
Gnngang bc^ s J)art0, 


60 


23 a t> e 50? e c u m. 


OTcfcar Strafsc — ©rimer 5Bagett, grimed ?id)t. 9ioute: 

3?on ber gJorf strafe bie debar Strafe ferauf jur Soine.fet, 5 ur ^iid?* 
monb unb auf bentfeloen 2Bege juruef. 

(£l>rifftatt 0traftc Bumij. — Sin $ferb, gelber 2Bagcn, rotbe^ 
tdjt. jRoute:—Die s I>?citean strafe ferauf jur neunten, jur Stteroovttr, 
gur bret unb $toanugften, jur Swiftian, jur fiebenteu, jur Station an ber 
Stfe ber 2)ic5tean strafe. 

^eff.crfoit 0traj$e 3u>eig« — Sin $ferb, gdber 2Bagen, rotted 
2id)t. b)Coure: — 33on ber bier unb jmanjigften bie 3efferfcn jur grant* 
lin strafe Remitter, jur Xfyompfon, jur gront, $ur Columbia Stoenue, jur 
granflin, ^nr Rafter, jur bier unb jroanjigften Strafe, jur Solumbta 
Slbenue, jur Station an ber bret unb jtbanjtgften strafe. 

$$eft (£ttb 5J. 2£>. (?t>. 3oolt>9ifd)ct* (Marten Stittr. 

Sftcut:: — 23om 2Booblanb3 ?lird)t)of an ber Baltimore 2loenue jur bter- 
jigfteu Strafe, $nr ^ocuft, jur fec^g unb breifigften, jur ^oroelton iilbcnue, 
jur funf unb breifigften, jum joologtfcfycn (Marten; juritef bon ber flinf unb 
breifigften jur Sabliite, jur bret unb breifigften, jur 2Dalnut, jur feefye unb 
breiugften, $ur Mocuft, jur ad)t unb breifigften,jur 3Booblaitb 2lbenue, jur 
Baltimore 2Ibeuue, nut \?inien itad; ber Sub strafe 23rucfe, 

^airmouitt *J>arf Siittc. — 9ioute; -- 33on ber Sub Strafe 
33riicfc jur bier unb bretftgften unb Spruce strafe, jur ad;t unb breiftg* 
[ten, jur Mancafter 2lbenue, jttr cin unb bierjigftett Strafe, gur Slut Vibe- 
nue unb ben VluefteUungSgebdubcn, nad) ©eorge’e £ull; jutitef nad) ber 
bieqigften, jur i! oat ft, jur fed; 3 unb breifigften, jur Spruce, jum 2lb- 
ganggplag. 

(Scutcinttal Stttie* — £)rei unb ein fyalb 9)?eilcn Sdnenentoeg 
auf bent Vlneftellungegruub mit funf Vcfomotibeit unb bierjig s ])alaft»a- 
gen, bie jitr Vlueftellung gefanbt finb. 

3$cft ^l)t!al>c{p>()ta C J>. 9 l. 26, (?o.—2)?arFct Strafe, ©fi¬ 
ber SBagei^ rotfee Sicf>t. Pouter — 25on ber Station an ber ein unb 
bierjigften strafe unb £aberforb ^ixenue, bie cin unb bietjigfte ferunter 
2 ur 3Jiarfet Strafe, jur gront unb auf bemfelben 29eg jur Station juriicf. 

^u^fteUintfl^gcbdubc ,3u>etg. — flatter 333agen, rotfe \?id)- 
ter. Oioute:—Soncour^, 33eImont unb Sim 2loenued bte Sint 2loe=» 
nue fevunter jur j.uerjigften, jur Warfet unb jur gront Strafe; juriicf 
iiber bie 9)iarfct Strafe unb ein unb oicrjtgften jur Slut 2loenue. 

^abbtttotott BNKtg.—©ritner SBagcn, griine^ i!id)t. 5)foute:— 
33on ber grout Strafe Idngd ber Warfet jur eut unb oierjigften, jur f3a- 
oerforb 3loenue, jur fieben unb fedjejigften unb jiuucf jur runf unb feats?- 
jigiten, ^ur 2>ine Strafe, jnr ^aoerforb 3ioenue, jur ein unb swnigften, 
jur Cartel, ^ur gront strafe, 

Stnjelncr gabrpret^ 7 Sent5; ^inber unter 10 Sabrcn 4Sent3; bier 
33illete 25 Sente; 2Becf)[clbtllcte 9 Sente. 



55 a be 9ft ecu m. 


61 


&ittfd)cn-'S?rtftrtartf. 

Da bte metjlen $utfcfer Oietfenbe ju betriigen fucfyen, ftnben totr eS ^af- 
fettb, ben oon ber Stabt autorifrten gafr-tartf anjugeben. 

^tne $erfon, mtt Coffer, 3^e£frtafc^c cber Scfyacbtel, cine (Sntfernung 
torn ctncr 9fteile oter tocniger, 75 Cents; jtoet $)erfonen, $1.25 unb fur 
jebe toeitcre $erfon 25 Cents. Ueber etne^ftetle unb mct)t fiber jttKt 'Diet- 
len, $1.25; fur jebe toeitcre $erfon 25 Cents. 5Cenn bte Cntfernung 
liber jtoci 9fteilen betragt, fo foftci jebe toctere Sfteile obcr &fetl ctncr 
9Jieile aufcr bem $1.25 fur bie erftcn groci SMcilen, noetj 50 Cents; fiir 
jebe nmtcre $erfon 50 Cents. SBentt bei ter Stunbe genommen, $um 
Cinfaufen, oon einem y(a£ jum anberen gefett unb fo lange anfaltcn, tote 
eS noting fetn mag, fo foftet bte Stunbe $1.50. ^toolf 53iocf finb eine ge« 
fefcltcbe DSftetle. 3m gaUe oon Uneinigfciten, toente man fict) an ten 
5fta9-'r ober ben yolijei-Dircftor, an ber Crfc ber funften unb (S^eftitut 
Strafe. 

JJt’cmbe Gunfultt in 

9lrgenttutfcfe Oiepubltf. — Jig. 0l)ippen, 532 SBalnut Strafe. 

Cefirrreid). — Cars Weftergaarfc, 138 ©fib jtoeite Strafe, 

23eigtcn. — (23. *g. Saurman, 1104 Cfeftnut Strafe. 

53raftlten. — IgMttarb 0. Sayres, 268 Sub britte Strafe. 

Cfili. — lg. ©tytppen, 532 SBalnut Strafe. 

Colombia, $er. St. oon — Ceon i>e la Cora, 218j SDalnut Strafe* 

Danemarf. — HTyblerg, 730 fftorb jtoanjtgfte Strafe, 

Cquator. — ig. ©hippan, 532 JDalnut Strafe. 

granfrctcf. — Celeflin 7luguj4e "Hainti 6’<glpeuy, { SStce-Conful, 
acbte Strafe, iiberfalb ter Sub. 

DcutfcbeS b>ieid;- — Charles «^. Meyer, 227 Cfeftnut Strafe. 

©rof*23ritanien.—Charles f gMt>ar8 Isortrigtyt, itonfulj George 
Crump, 33ice=Conful, 619 SBdlnut Strafe. 

Ungarn. — Cars YDefXergaarh, 13^ Sub jtoette Strafe. 

3talien. — 2llon$o UX. l5tti, 115 CBalnut Strafe. 

Siberten. — Igfcivarh 0. Morris, 129 Sub grout Strafe. 

9fterifo. — Jgmilio Caba8a, 112 SSalnut Strafe. 

ffttcbcrlanbe. — Cars YDeftergaar6, 138 Sub jtoeite Strafe. 

ffttearagua. — ^enry C. potter, 260 Sfib neunte Strafe. 

Drattteu, greier Staat, Sub=5lfrifa. — «£enry M. 71iley, 602 51r$ 
Strafe. 

Portugal. — Xgfcirarh 0. 0ayres, 268 Siib britte Strafe. 

Oiuflaub. — -£enry preaut, COce * Conful, 500 Sub Delaware 
Sloenue. 

Span ten. — Don 3uan Morphy, Conful; Don 3ultan lllfreho 
Principe y ©artoris, 55tce*Ccitful, 524 533a(nut strafe. 




62 55abe SfJtecum. , 

Sdnveben unb Stortvegen. — £ai*e YTefbevtjaarfc, 138 (Sub jmcite 
Str ape. 

Sdmeij. — Ti^olpb *Rorabi, 311 gjorf Slvenue; YPentet* 3tfif); 
nee, SBicc-Sonful, 233 (5t)eftnut strafe. 

Uruguay. — Charles YP. UTattheivs, 33ice«(5onful SSenejucla. — 
£eon be la £ov»a, 2185 ©alnut Strafe. 


Sweater mtb UittcrfortltntiftSortc. 

^ttftfs^lfabcmte. — Diefe jpatle Itegt in ber 53roab Strafe, un- 
terbalb ber £ccuft strafe. Sue fait 5000 ^ufcfauer. Die fPreife va- 
riernt. 

3£*aTtiut Stvafte theater. — ©te man febon burd) ben Sta- 
men erfafrt, Iieqt bteicb Xfeater tu ber ©alnut Strafe unb jtvar an ber 
(Site ber Steunten. (5e> ift im 3afre 18l'4 gebaut worben unb tft bab 
attefte Xf eater tn ber Stabt. (5b fa§t 3500 $erfoneit. ‘Die $retfe (tub 
felgenbe: ©alterte, 25 Sentb; ffamilien * Sirfel unb SBalfcn, 50 Gteittb ; 
3ntritt, 75 (5mtb; parquet = (5trf'el, $1.( 0; parquet, $1.50; ^rcbce- 
mttmbloqen, 88.00 unb $10.00; obere yrosceittumelegen $15.00. 

©bcfttiut Straftc Xlicatci*. — Stud) btefeb Xbcater bat feinen 
Stamm von ber Strafe, in tvelcfer eg ftcb befinbet. (5b ift xiberbalb ber 
3mclftcn Strafe. (5b faft 3500 3u[cfauer. Die ^rcife [tub bicfelben 
rnte bt'c beb ©alnut Strafe Xfeaterb. 

;Da$ $(vd) Strafe fXljcator, befinbet fid) in ber SI ref Strafe, 
von ber cb feinen Stamen bat. (5b faft 3500 S3erfencn unb bat Sifplatj 
fur 1781. tic $reife fiitb: ©allerte, 25 (5entb; Dref-(5trfel, 75 (5enlb; 
Drcfcrftcr $1.00; Drcfefter 2oge $1.50; ^nvat-^egen, $10.t 0. 

(Die Jr>orticultnral=£>aUc ift in ber 23roab Strafe, oberfalb ber 
Socuft Strafe. 5b ift eitte ber grefteit fallen in ber Stabt. Die (Sin- 
trittbpreife ftnb verditbcrltd). ©rtvbfnlicf tvtrb btefe £>alle ju grofeit vo¬ 
id fcbeit 3ufantmcnfunftett benuft. Ste fat $la£ fur 3000 ftfenbe unb 
GOOO ftefenbe $erfonen. 

Die (?oitcerts^alle, Sto. 1221 (Sfefhtut Strafe, fait 3500 S-'erfo- 
nett. Die "Jheife fiitb reranberlicf. 

Slmertcait theater. — SSarietdt; unter bent Stamcn^or’b Xfra- 
ter befannt, ttad) bent Stamen feitteb ©rttnbcrb unb (Sigentfumerb. (5b 
befinbet ft cl) in ber (Sfefhtut, oberfalb ber 3d)itten Strafe. 

3lrd) Straftc ©pcrtt'Jpaua, in bet Slrd) Strafe, unterfalb ber 
3ebnten. £>alt 18<>0 $evfonen. Die S-'retfc ftnb; ©allerte, 25 (5cntb; 
parquet, 50 (5tb.; Drdjefter, 75 (5tb. 

3tffemblt) 9toom$, an ber (5de ber 3efnten unb (Sfefhtut Strafe. 
Diefeb ift ettt S3allfaal, toivb aber fiir (5oncerte unb Secturm vermietfet. 
5)dlt 1( 00 $crfohen. Die $retfe fiitb verdnberltcf. 

OTelottel mooV# SPfitfcitm. — Diefeb Xbeater ift an ber (Stfe 
ber Slrd> unb Stcunten Strafe. £>cilt 12t 0 3tiflatter. Die $)retfe ftfib: 
©allerie, 25 (5ib.; parquet unb Dref-(Strfel, 50 (5tb.; Drcfefter, 75 Stb. 

©tlftc ©tvaftc Cpmtl)aub». — Diefeb Xfeater liegt in ber 



55 a b e W c c u m. 


63 


Stiffen Strafe, oberbalb ber Sbcftnut. S3 iff etn loirfltdicd gantilten- 
Sbeater. 3ft getobbnlid) oor bett anberen and. X)ie Preife finb: 25 Std. 
fiir bt'e ©allerte, 50 Sts?. fur parquet, unb 75 Sts?. fur Drdjefter. 

(*n*Cflt (^etitval. — Vtegt tit ber SBolmtf Strafe, oberbalb ber 
2ld)tcn. £alt 2000 ^uidiaitcr. Die Preife ftnb: (SJatlerie, 15 Sts?.; 21U* 
gemeiner Sintritt unb baleen, 25 Std; Srdjcftcr, 75 Sts?.; prioat*£ogen, 
$5.00 unb Prodcentumd-l'ogen, $‘10.00. 

9-)iuftcaI=^unt»j^»allc. — Slucb biefes? tft etn fd)r grofer Snal. 
3lufer ben ojben genannten ftnb nod) bide anbere fallen unb Heine £bea* 
ter in ber s^tabt. Pbifabdpbia but and; bide Sager 23ier unb Sottcerf* 
Salons?, too ftd) Srcmbe untcrbaltcn fottnen. 


SJMrtfcc Doit 3iUercjfc. 


(*5emdlt>e=(S5aUeiic. — 23r.ab strafe, ober(;alb bee 2lrcf). in* 
triit 25 Sts?. 

5lfafccmtc ber tu t-tin ffe it f eft n ft. — £>ffen Dienftag unb 

Oreitag, fftacbmittagd. S ntritt 10 St3. Sub=iE?eft Sde ber 5?eunjet;n- 
ten unb 3tace Strafe. 

5lmcrifantfd)=^C)iIofopI)ifrf)Cs@cfcUfcl)aft. — 3un f te Str., 
uttterbalb ber Sbcftnut. 

Sltljcnacum 5$tbliotI)cf. — Sedjfte Strafe, uttterbalb ber 
SBalttut. 

Slvfctial ^ratif’for^. — fOian ttebnie bt’e fJddjmoub Pfcrtebabn an 
ber Written ober 57eunten strafe. 

Ccbrltug^^^tbliotljef. — Sitb*2Bcft Sde ber gunffett unb 3lrd) 
Strafe. 

^ 3 1ittt>ett=tifiaIf* — 2In ber 3^‘tndgffett unb fftace Sir. Son* 
cert tUiituood) 9?ad)mittagd. Sintritt 15 Std. 

5Mc*cHct) 5lrmcithau$, SBcft-Pbilabelubia. $?an ttebnte bt’e 
SBalnut <^ira0e Sard. 23illcte finb 9to. 42 9?orb Sicbeitte strafe ju 
befommen. 

(^ar^enter*# gebaut int 3abr 1770, Sbcftnut Strafe, ober¬ 

balb ber 33ierten, im .^intevgriutbe bed liknfgebdubed. 

Ofhvtftt Slii’d)C, gebaut tin 3al;cr 1753, 3tt* c ^ e Strafe, oberbalb 
ber Scarf'd. 

(SPlleijc fur Slerjte unb SBunbdrjte, Sde ber £reijebnten unb Socuft 
Strafe. 

(Souittt) ©cfamjtuN, Stifle Strafe unb PaffyunF 2lbenue. 3n 
ber Sfftce bed Sebger finb 23il(dc jit befontmen. 

Sbcftnut Strafe, uttterba b ber Sunften. 

Sltyl fiir fSaubftummc,, Sde ber 23roab unb pine Strafe. 3n 
ber £5 fire bed Sebger ftnb 23tllete ju befontmen. 

ftvattflttt £$nftitut, Sicbettte Strafe, oberbalb ber Sbcftnut, Sin¬ 
tritt frei. 




64 


S3 a b e Return. 


^rattHttt’S (6rat>, ©ub»Djf(£cfe bergiinften unb SXrd^ ©traffe. 

VfatrntPUtlt — 2991 Slcf.rit, an ben Ufern beb ©cfyutytftfl 

unb ffitffatjtcfon. 5$ont gitneren ber ©tabt net)me man cine Gar, bie tit 
niirbttdjer ober mefttidjer 9iid)tuitg get)t. 

(Qiravb (*c>llcdc, SRtbge Sbettne. obertjafb ber 9?eunjef)nten ©tr. 
Wait negate cte ?ftibge Sloenue, ober gelben Garb an ber 3ld)ten ©trafje. 
23iilcte tit ber Office be* £ebger. 

(?orrccHort*l)au'<, bet #olmebburg. Wan get>e per Gtfenbatjn 
i?. n ber ^enftngton vsslat on aub. 

s 3?cttuit$bd)aub», tSrctunbjmanjtgjte unb 23rotoit Strafe. 

©etffcafraitfen * 45ofpitaI, (ftrfbrtbe b) £aoerforb Slocnue 
2S3eft= s Pl)t[abelpt)ta. Wan netjme bie Warfet Strafe Garb. 

ltit<ib()dttgi()¥eit?s$aUc, Gfyeftmit ©tra§e, itnterljalb ber Sed)b- 
ten. Djft'tt yon 9 llbr Worgenb bte? 4 Ut)r Widjmittagb. GtntrittbtiUete 
jitnt Jt;urm finb betm ©tiperintenbcnten $u fyabett. 

Vaiivcll £>tll SttrdvOof, 9itbge 3lyenue. Wan netimc bie 9tibge 
Slyenue Garb an ber 31 rd) strafe ober bab DampffOnff bci gairmount. 

^cbgcr (6cbdit^c, ©ub-3Beft Gcfe ber Gfefhtut unb ©ebfjften ©tr. 
33itrger unb grembe finb jum Gintritt eingelaben. 

ftreimaurcrtcmpcl, 33roab Strafe untcrfyalb ber 3trd). 3?efucbcr, 
tueldje ntit Marten yon t)icr tuotntrnben Witgliebern beb Drbenb yerfebett 
finb, tjabeit tSomterftag b yon 10 Utrr Worgenb bib 2 Ui)r 9?ad)mittagb 
3utritt. Gtrtntttbfarten finb and; in ber Office beb £ebger ju befommen. 

3D?crcaittiUc S3ibliotl)C?, 3 e (dtte Strafe, oberfalb ber Gtjeftnut. 

SJrttipitale^ S)i ufeunt, UitabljangtgfeitbfyaEe. Offen you 9 Ufr 
Worgenb bib 3 Ufr Wtdunittagb. grei. 

Wariites^uf, gront Strafe, unterfyalb ber SBaffingtoit 3Iycnue. 
Wan nefynte bie Garb an ber ©tebenten ober J^etteit Strafe, 

Stcucr S)larinel)pf, league 3^lattb, an ber Wuttbung beb 
Sdfm^lftU. 

SI ft) l fur ©eclcutc, ©rap’b gerrp Sioab. Wan nefme bie Garb 
tit ber fpeitit £ trape. 

Sllte ©d)ti>_ebctt 5ltrel)C, bie dltejte $itdje tn fpt)tlabclpf)ia, gc- 
bant tm Oal>re 170 ttitb nintmt ben f))k£ ber alteit ,,3toetten ©eptueben 
Mt’rdie", gebant int 3at)re 1677, etn. ©ie|bcftnbet fid) in Stuanfoit Str., 
unterbalb ber Gt)ri|tiait. Wan uefjmc bte 3^dt£ Strafe Garb btb tur 
Gbrifttan. 

^eitutyhwrtta A^pfpital, 2ld;te unb Spruce Strafe. “ 

^enn’«§ Arnitte, Sctitia Strafe bet ber Warfet Strafe. £)ie Setitia 
Strafe Itegt jtoifcpeu ber grout unb 3tretten Strafe. 

^enu^Bcrtratgs'tyrptiumcnt, an ber 23ead) unb £aitueycr Str. 
Watt netjmc bte 3iid)moitb Garb an ber Written Str. 

SudUliatiS, (bfttid)), gairmouitt 21yenue uttb Ginunhtoamtafte 
Strafe, ^idete finb in ber Sebger Offtie su t)aben. 


35 a be 9)?ecum. 65 

^fctlattlpTria §B tbit o tit e¥ (gegrimbet von benjamin granflitt), 
Bunfte £trape, uuterba b ber Speftnut. 

s l> e int ft) h> an tf d) e Ijiftovifcbc Ok fell) d) aft S20 spruce Str. 

3K ttfte c i dttt u tt 6 e f cf) ule fur grauett, £itb=2Beft (Scfe ber 33?er- 
rief unt filbert Strape. 

WiitijC ber Skretni^tcn ^tanttfn, Cbejhtut (Strape, ober* 
bnlb ber Dretjepnten. Dftett oon 9 Upr 33iorgcng big 12 Ut)r 33fittagg. 
ftreter Cintritt. ✓ 

II iitrerfttat t'ott ^emifttlrnnta, Decbgunbbreiptgftc <2trape 
unb SBooblanb 2l»eitue, SBeft-^bilabelppia. 

SHa^uer *?’ietc$ ^nftitut, Ccfe ber <sicbcn$et)ntcn ©trape unb 
33?ontgomerp 2lvenue. 

2l>af(c ftp cite. $atr mount, int $arf nuf ber D ft Cette beg 2 eluted- 
fill unb norblut von ber 3?orrig (Strape. ^dntplftU (friiber Spring ©ar* 
ben), Ofifeite beg Sdnipiftll ftlufjeo, Bairmount “part, hei ber ©irarb 3lve- 
nue, Belmont ober 3£eft = fP^ilabelpbia, gnirmount ^'arf, 39eftfcite beg 
©dmplfill ftluifeg bei ber ifteabittg Cifettbabn - 33iurfe. Delaware ober 
.ftenfington, Oftfeite beg Delaware bet (S)unnerg Shut. 3?ojrborougb, £>ft- 
feite vom ^d; up l fill, obcrpalb 33?anapunf. 31 lie biefe [tub 23efud)crn trig* 
lid) geojfnet. 

SWill*# £>pfOifal ft’ir Sliiflcnfrattfljeitcit, Seatc Strape, 
jwifeben ber 3ld)^ebnten unb 3?eun*ebnten. 

SfiSppblaitb XHrdthpf, ©ooblanb Sloeuttc, 2Befi - fpi)tlabclpl)ia. 
33?ait nebtue bie 2S3a(nut Sirape Carg. 

^utt^er Petite (? InriftUcltc Otefellfcfjaft, Cpeftnut Strape, 
obcrbalb ber 3^blftnt. Critt tteueg ©ebdube ift tut 33au tecjiiffcn an ber 
<Sub=Dft=(£cfc ber ^unfjebnten unb Cpeftnut '^trape. 

3>PPlooifd)cr OSartett, fjalrmoutit ^)arf. 33?an nebme bie Sarg 
{n ber SBalnnt/ ^Jfarfet, 2lrd) unb 3?iite ^trape unb in ber ©trarb 3lvcnue. 


Die thtabbangigfeitg* ttnb bie Carpenter'g £afle verbteiten ben erften 
33efud) beg ftremben, niebt allein, toeil fie in ber 33?itie ber Stabt liegen, 
fonbern and) ibrent tjiftorifeben 3nierc|Te roegen. 

iDtc ttiiabbangtateitslmlle, in ber C&ejhtut Strape, jtoiiden 
ber Biinften unb Sedpften, toitrbe im Oapre 1729 angefangen unb in 1734 
beenbtgl. 

4^icr fa men bie 3?eprdfentanten ber Colonien am 10. 33?ar$ 1775 ju- 
fantmen unb riefen ben bocbftcn 3?icbtcr ber 39elt jum 3 eu $ eil > tap ibre 
34bfiebten reebrjebaffett toarett. £iufg vom (Ipeftnut Strapeneingang ift 
bag Unabbdngigfettgjtmmer. 

Dag Crftc, roag bent Cintretenben in’g Singe fdflt, ift bag $ult ober ber 
Difcp, aitf bent bie Srfldrung unterjeidmet toitrbe. Dapinter ftebt ber oott 
3opn ^ancoef, bent fPrafibenten beg Continental - Congreffeg, mne gepabte 
etubl ttnb an ben SBdnben ftel)cn jtoblr ber urfprungltdjen Dtuljle, bie von 
33?itgltebern benubt tourben. 

Der Slugjug ber Uttabpdngtgfettgcrfldrung. in 3cpcrfon’g ^aubfeprift. 



66 


$ a b e SO? c c u nt. 


mtt ben (Xorrccttottett pon ftranfltn uttb Slbantg tft aud) bn, fowie aud) bte 
SPortrate son picrug bcr fecpg unb fiinfjtg Unterjetdnter. ©egeniiber tft 
bag dimmer, wo bag Soloninl ©ertcbtgwefen Hufammentrut; eg tft gut mtt 
Oicltquien unb ^ortra'ten, bte bte (Spodfe ber 3£eooluttoit tlluftriren, auge* 
fiiUt. 23tllcte junt ©tntrtt tit bett £tutrm ber Unabbdngtgfettgbalfe wer= 
ben fret geliefert, wettit man fid) tbretbalben an ben Superintenbenten beg 
UnabbdngtgfeitgHtmmerg wenbet. 23ott btefem £burm bat man cine 
fd)btte 2lugfid)t fiber bte Stabt. 37te £>allc ftebt Sebetn cffeit, bon 9 Utjr 
SJiorgeng big 5 llpr 9?ad)mtttugg. ^ 

(?arp'entev’$ Stifle, Itegt tn GarpentcPg Cfourt, etn paar Sdmtte 
bftltd) won bcr pierten Strafe. £)iefc gebort ber Sarpenter’g (Jontpanp 
bon ^bilabclpbta, bte dlteftc Drgantfatton ber SSereinigten Staaten, ba fie 
utiuntcrbrodmt feit ltngcfnbr 40 3abiett ttad) ber ©tabftrung bcr Otegie* 
rung burd) SB t Ilia m $)enn, beftauben bat. 37er 23au bcr £>alle wurbe am 
5. jebrunr 1 770 begottnen. 

3it ber ?Ird) Strafe, unterbalb ber 3'itnftcn, tft bag ©rab pen $Bcttja= 
mitt vfvatiflitt. 

Si tr du\ — £)tefe fttrdie wurbe per ungefalr 200 3abreit 
organt .rt. 3br erfter ^rtrfter war Oiep. SJt. Slapton, linter beffen Slur* 
ftebt bte nirdie tn 1695 gebatt* wuvbe. 3m SWarj unb SOfat 1753 wurbrn 
jwet £otteiten gejogen, jcbe Pott 4500 Voofett ju $4.00 bag Stitcf, nut ©rib 
jttm 33au beg Xburnteg ju befommen, weldnr in 1 727 begonneit wurbe. 
Sptefeg Schema brad)te ber Safriftei uttgefabr $5000 eitt unb ber 2 burnt 
wurbe bag itdcbfte 3a()r mtt eiitent ^oftenaufwanb pon .$10,500 bee.ibtgt. 
27ag ©locfenfptel Pent acf>t ©locfett wurbe aug iSitglaitb fur $4500 bejo* 
gett. Ste wogett 8000 ^futtb unb wurbett tnt 3abre 1777 mit bcr Staatg- 
battgglocfe beruntergenommcit unb nacb Srcnton gefanbt, ba§ fie ben 
23riten itt'dn tit bie £>anbe fallen follten. X)te Hontgin Sinn a pen ©itglanb 
marine ibnett etnett S3ecber unb jwet Mantten, bte &urSommunton gdrauebt 
Werbnt, jum ©cfdbcnf. Sie tragen folgenbe 3nfd;rift: ,,Annae Ang ican 
ae Pud Phi lad. A. D. 1708. iSinc bcr £auptoer$terungen beg 8l)ur- 
meg war cine SJorftelluttg bcr engltfdjen ilrotte, ber S3lt| iddug jeboeb tit 
ben $ burnt, ber better wurbe jerftort unb bte ganje ft'rone gefdnitoOen. 
SBafbtngton unb Jranfltn batten bribe eiiteit v Plab tit btefer iltrdie unb 
wd'breito erfterer bag ra ft b e it te it a m t time bade, gtng cr regclma'fjtg mtt 
fetiter 3amdie bortbtit, unt ju beten. 

©cftltdbc ( 3ud)tbau$ befinbet ftcb tit ber gatrmount 2loe» 
ttue, weftltd) poit bcr etn unb jwanutgften 8tra§e. bat $6 i0,000 ge« 
foftet. 37-ag (fjrunbftucf, auf bent eg gebaut tft, entbdlt etlf Slcfer. 3eber 
©efangene bat feine etgene 3fUe unb fetne fbrperltdie Strafe wtrb erlaubt. 
S A illete nunt 23efud) btefeg Drteg faun man son f)oit. Oiidiarb iniur, Oio. 
520 SBalnut Strafe crlangnt. 

6m*arfc O» 0 Uc<fe.— 37tefeg Sollege ift ber SI u f m erf fa i fei allcr 
23efudicr wurbtg. Tie Stutrittgbillcte fault matt tn ben S3u.eaur beg 
Srbger bcfommeit, ober aucb tit ben 23itreaur beg Wapor’g, unb bag SoP 
lege ftebt Jbefucbevn tagltcb, auper Sountagg, offett. (Sg Itegt an ber 


SSabe We cum. 


fi7 

S^ibae unb 63irarb Slocnne, unb man ^ctangt bin, toenn man bte 9?eun- 
jcbnte ©trape Sarb, bte 9ftbge Sloettue Htttte ober bte Union Idttte, bie ber 
poplar ©trape entlattg rtet>t aud) bie ($3trarb Sloenue £tnte nttnmt. 

3n btefem College toerbett 600 SBaifenfttaben mit Wtbruttg, $(etbung 
unb etner tauten Srjiebung oerforgt, ba bcrftkab ungefd’br bcrfelbe tft, nue 
cr in unfcrer formal 8>d)ulc gegeen toirb, ober auf ber £>ocbfdmle in bie- 
fer ©tabt. 3m filter oon fccbbtebit ober fiebettjebn 3abrett idpt man bie 
•ftnabett ein guteb $attbtoerf ober 33eruf erlerttcn, unb oiele fbnitbtoerfer 
babett gute llriadtc gcbatt, tanftar $u frin, nid;t allctn fur bie gute ©rjie- 
bung tocldte fie genoffen, cinen ebt baren 3ungett gctoomn *u fein, fonbertt 
aucb fiir bie itenutniffe toclcbc fie int matt)emati(d)cn 9i cel; nett crlangt 
babett. 

Ter greimaurer-Xefitpel bon Pbtlabelpbta, von bent totr (pater fprecbett 
Vocrbett, tft bab ST erf von etncm ber ©rabuirten aub btefem College. (5r 
ver!or feitte ©Item friit>e; fein $erluft tourbe bttrd) bie vd’terIict>e (3)iite, bie 
man ibm tin College crtoieb, ertrdglid)er gemadtt unb fetd tft getoip jrber 
feiuer £ebrcr ftolj auf t'bn, fo oft er ben pradUodlcit S3au betraddet. 
ST arum tour be bicfeb (follege (Sfirarb gen aunt? 2Ber toar biefer 63irarb ? 
3it 43orbeattr, grattfreid), im 3abre 1750 geborett, fam er tm Wai 1776 
nacb biefer ©tabt unb ftttg balb an mit ©t. Tomittgo unb 9?eto Orleans 
(33e|d)afte ju treibett. ©ein ($efd)dft be()tt c fid) balb nacb alien 3fbeil.it 
ber STelt aub. Da er ein manned oer$ bade, nabnt er Slntpeil an alien 
pbtlaitibrootidien ©dtema'b. 3m 3abre 1.793 ocrocete bab gclbe gicber 
bie ©tabt pbtlabelpbta. lie, bte fonnteit, flol)eu attf’b ilanb. 53ei 
23uff) fnll" mar eitt rofpttal, aub bent fid) felbft bie STdrterinneit finite- 
ten. (55trarb, cut Watttt oon S3crmogen, j'uttg (uur 13 3ut)rc alt) unb 
bt glanjettbett Slubficftteit oor fid), bot feine Ttenfte ait unb biente ben 
itranfeit fed)b$tg Xage unb s 3iad)te lattg, befdnftigte bte ~dtmerjen bett 
Sterbenben unb begrub bie Tobteit. fJJad) 50 3abrcn, oon ebrbarent fauf- 
tttdnnifien Sebeit, ftarb er am 26. December 1838 tut Sllter oon 80 3at)= 
reit tutb biuterlies eine groiie Suntnte jur (Srbattung btefeb Sotlegcb. 

Tab |>auptgcbdnbc tft tm grtedtifiett ©tpl gebaut. Sb liegt auf cittern 
ber l)bdjften puttfte tit Pbtlabelpbta ttttb bietet eine fdibite Slubficbt fiber bte 
©tabt. S3ei feiitem Sintritt toirb ber S3efud)er entjueft feitt fiber bie fd)b- 
licit ©artenattiagen, toeldbc bett Plab oor bent College jtereit. Tab Srfte, 
toab iit'b Slugc fa lit, tft bie ©raft oon ©tepbett ©trarb. Dbeit baraur ift 
bie ©tatuc oon ^ernt (ilirarb, geflcibet, toie er eb gctobbttlid) toar. 

ttetic — Tiefeb grope (Debdube beberft eine 

Bldcbc oon betnabe oier uttb eiitcn balbett Slrfer Hanb, auner bent (Sjericbtb- 
bof. Tie Haugen ber 9?orb* unb ©ubfrontett finb 470 gup ttttb bte Tft- 
tntb STeftfronten 4863 gu(i. 3n ber Witte oon feber ift ein U3ogen-'pa- 
oillon. Tiefe paoitlonb fjabett etite fMibe oon 120 gu«. Tie grouteit 
enbigen an ben oier (Sd'eit mit Xbuntten oon 51 gu§ tBreite unb 145 gup 
Xtbbe. Tab ganje 2leupere ift beroorrageub unb effectio alb 63an$eb unb 
prddttig, toenn man bie eiitjehten Xbcile betradjtet ba eb mit febr fdtbnett 
©dulett, Ptlaftern, Tbitr- uttb genftergtebeln unb ^rdnjen aubgearbeite- 
tft. 15 guft brette unb 36 gu() bobb S3ogengdttge bttrd) iebett ber oier cent 
tralett p.toiUonb bilben bte oier £auptetngdnge. ?Tab 2lcu§ere beb unte- 
rett Xbeileb ift oon feiitem tocigen ©ranit. Tab Parterre ift 18 gup l;oi 


68 


25 a be 2ft ecu m. 


itnb field ganoid) liber ter fdnte beg (Pflaftcrg. ©ag 9Icttftcre br^^_etdu= 
beg iiber bem (Parterre begreift in (id), einen £auptftotf Don 30 $u§ unb 
einen oberen ©terf non 81 ftu§, mit finer (Jftanfarbe liter bem OJtittelpa- 
nidon, Do it 12 mt§, a lies nub meijjem 2ftarmor. ©ie ileinen dimmer, tie 
in ben (i)erid)tbt)of gotten, finb in jwet © ode getbcilt. __ 2luf eir (ftortfcite 
btefcg (piatjeg miro ein grofjer ©burnt g taut, lueIdler fel)t guilt edmutde 
ber ©tabtgebaube beitragett roirb, unb tvirb gur felbcn 3eit fine ©dtbnbrit 
ber ©tabt (ein, unb mirb leid)t mit ©t. (Peter in ?)(om unb ©t. (Paul in 
Vonbott concuriren fonnen. ©tefer ©burnt tint unten 00 3u§tin Quab- 
rat, mirb aber tei jebent ^tod etiger, big cr ein 2lcbted non 50 3u§ ©urd)- 
ineffer roirb. (Sine 20 gtt§ t)obe statue teg ©riinberg non (Peniifplnama 
miro ben 23au frbtten unb mire bie au§crorbentlid)e t>bbc non 4 1 Oust er= 
rcieten. @g miro bemnnd) ber bodtftc ©burnt ber 2Pelt (ein Tag gauge 
©ebdttbe tout 520 dimmer eutbaUcn unb jebeg 3' m mer inirb gut mit 
£id)t, 2Barme unb Ventilation nerforgt (ein. 3eber ©beil beg ©ebdubeg 
inirb feuerfeft (ein. l£g mire ungefa’br $12,000,000 foften. 

©er $jfreirmuirertem&cl iff bag gro§artigfte ©ebaube feiner 9lrt 
in ber 2Bed. ©ag ©ebau.ee ift aug ©ranit, 250 $u§ lang unb 150 3u§ 
treit. (So entbalt brei ^tocfmerfe aufter betn (Sntrefol. Tag innere 
2ftauermcrf enttalt get;n Dfttlltoncn 23adftetite. ©ie ftaQate ift ein nod- 
tommeneg fJftuftcr non normantii(ctcr 21rri)itcftur, (ctarf, mit lttdtt ciucr 
3bee non glacbbeit ober Unaugbrud auf bem (Profit. ©ag 23emerfeng- 
merttefte finb bie gmei ©burnte, non meicbcit einer bie £bbe non ,50 8u§ 
erreietd, unb bann bie bemunberngmuroig febone noruidnitifdte forbade, 
©er Staitpttburm ift fo ma((in, tap (e ne ftutibantente 31 gup unter ber 
©trapenfiddle gelegt merben mufjten, unb man tat (et>r bafiir geforgt, feecn 
©tod gdnglid) feuerfeft gu nt a cl) cn. ©ie ©H'vbatte ift non bem bdrtcftcn 
©tein in ben 2ieretn<gten ©taaten, bem ©.utnen ©rand, octant unb auf 
jcbrr ^ cite finb nier (paar gurudftebenbe (pfeiler, liter meldjcn fid) get'eg cite, 
baltfreigformige ©imgtnerie tefinben unb (tub bind) bie reinftrn, dtarafte- 
riftifcbftcn norindnnifcbcit 25ergierungett auggegeidttict. ©ie ©pure ift tit 
eine^roicftion ber norteren Uftaucr teg ©empelg gebaut, gerabe mie eg oft 
tei Ttirdjen ber normdnitifdmi (Periobc norfant, obgleid) un(ere (projeftiott 
ticier alg mie gembbnlid) ift, um Oi'aum gu ntebr 95ergieruitg gu gemtnnen. 

©ie gmei $aupt-23orter=Toppeltbiirfn bee ©entpelg finb 17 gup bod), 
7 gup breir, 6 3 L 'd bid unb mit, gitr gangett auperen grout paffenben, 
23ergterungen bceedt. 3ttbcttt matt tit ber,Oriental £ad" ftebt, fa it n man 
(id) betnabe itt bag groparttge 2llbamtru non ©panten, in (etnett gliidlt- 
bbnt Tagen, biuetitbenfen. © e ©djleter begTentpelg (ittb au§erorbentlid; 
bemuttbern miircig. t^ie (inb 25 >5tt§ bod) unb 49 8u§ treit unb entbal- 
ten 1200 gjarbg siting. ,,(Sg93>tian T'ad" ift ungmeifelbatt bie munber=« 
ncdfte ber fallen int TempeL ©te ift utebt fo gro§, mie irgenb cine ber 
attberen gro§en fallen, aber ber ©tpl ber 21rd)iteftur fcbettit ung fo nett, 
meil er fo alt unb ung ungemobultd) ift, bap ber 33efud)vr tei ber erften 
2lttfid)t ben 21tbem nor ©taunen unb 23cmunb;rung einbaltnt mirb. 
rtefige ©auleit (inb in ber Smile ncrtbeilt. ©tefe ©ditlen baten Slapttdle, 
b e alle itn ^rtpl nerfdtieben (ittb. (Sg (inb ,,fac similes” non benett ber 
alten Siaupt-TcntpT am Oiil, mtt (Sinfdduf non benett non ©ettbera, £uoor, 
Zantac unb 3bfon. ©rofe (pt)otograpt)ien murbett non alien bie(en be- 
rupiiiten ©ebdubett attge^afft, ttacl) melcpcn bieje ^apitdle gemacl)t finb. 


33abe 9)?ecum 


69 


< Die $?obel ber^Sg^ptiatt #all" ftnb fo geitau egppttfd), tote tbre ©auleit 
uttb SBdnbe. Der Sprott ober ber Sdupl bcg s I>?eti!erg tft map unb be- 
tounberttgtourbig gemacpt, toie atle 9)?obel ttefcg 3tntmcrg, yon yergolbetem 
©benpolj. 5lm ^itpe totrb- er yon jtyci tssppmjeen flanftrt. Die grope 
23anquet’$aUe ift aUf t»er 9?orbfette beg Sempelg. fete tft yon yerntifdder 
Slrdntefturorbnung, nut fecbgjeptt (Sdulen, bie ^lapitalc yerjiert mit 33lu- 
men, ^ruct)ten into 3agboogeln; unter le^tcren pat ber Drutpapn, ber 
„9?ationalyogel" t'tber ber toeftltcpen Spur, ben SCorfip. Dag 3* m mer, 
lO“) 3up lattg unb 59 Sup bred, totrb yon 15 (Sp mbelterg beleucptet. l£g 
ftnb jtonngtg 2lug;;tepttfcpe bartn, tit yter b'tnten arrangirt unb pabett an 
alien jufantmen funf puttbert fpcrfoneit $lap. 

1 1 etnem SBort, bicfeg grope (Bebdube tft elite 9?acpapmung ber Jlunft 
ber alien 9?atiotten ber (Srbe yor ber cprtft.tcben 3 c ^ tre 4> uuu 9i« 5 U fluent 
yollfommenen unb paffenbett <53att§en jufammcngefept, unb tft bag 2Berf 
etitee* Slmerifanerg. 29tr ratpen unfern £efetn, tpnt eaten Sefitcp ju 
macpen. 

tVCiirmomit — Gg toitrbe ju yiet 3ett tit 2ktfprud) itepnten, 

tint a lie bie Sdjonpeiten bteieg fParfeg jit befcpretbett; totr toolkit ink fittj 
faffeit. l£r ift bet bee Slugftellung, entpalt '991 $lcfer Saab unb tft bapcr 
ntcpr alg brcl 93?a 1 fo grop, toie ber Central ^arf in 'Ofeto gjorf. 

Der be fie (Stngaitg fur bnt Srentbett {ft let ber Satrmount 3loenue, too- 
pin er mit bnt Careen Strape into Sairntount $lyettue (Savg gelaitgt; aucp 
mit ber Uttton b'inte, ober bei ber Satrmount 33ritcfe, toopttt er mtt ben 
dtaliotobill ^trape (Sarg, 3lrcp Strape, Dtace mto 33ttte, ititb Spruce unb 
*))tue Strape (£arg gelattgt. 3eber biefcr (Singdnge bringt ben 33efnd)er 
ttacp ben Satrmount SBaffertoerfett, tyeldje gut befiddigt toerbeit follten, 
Dte ungepeitrcit 9J?afd)ttten, bie ftcp pier beftnbeit, toerbeit burcb 233affer= 
uttb audf burd) Dampffraft getriebeu; fie pumpett burcpfcpntttlicp tdglicp 
25,000,000 obit - faprltd) ungefabr 7,000,000,000 ©allonett SBaffer in bag 
Skferootr, roeldieg ftd) auf bent angrcttjcnbcn $ gel bcpnbet. 33om pin- 
ierett Sped ber 93?afdtinenboiufer bat man cine fepr fcbbitc 31u?ficbt auf ben 
Satrmount Datum. 33erlapt man biefcit fpiap uttb gept norbbftltd), fo 
fommt ber 33efncber jttr ©emalbegallerie, in ber fid' yiele fdpbite ($entdlbe 
yon berupmten 93?eiftertt beftnbeit. 3unen toerbeit Sataloge yerfauft. 29tr 
macpett auf bag ©cmdlbc „bte neue b>?epitbltf /y yon Sfrb. fPotoel aufntcrf- 
fant, tit tocldjent er yerfudjt pat, bnt frupereit uttb jepigett Sortfcprttt ber 
33ereinigtett Staateit barjuftellen. „Dte Scbladit yon (9ettpgburg y/ gemalt 
yon 9?otpcrmel, toeld;eg ©emdlbe bent Staate ^ennfpluanicn $03,000 ge- 
foftet pat, unb toelcpeg an eine ber grbpten (Spitobcit beg fitngften 23itrger- 
frtegg erinncrt. Dtefe ©allerte iff tdglicp gebffnet unb ber Sintritt tret. 

23on pier totrb ber 23efucper bie pracptyofle Statue yon llbrabam iStn- 
coin toaprnepmen. Diefe Statue ift attg 33rottje, in ?Hont yon 9?anboIpp 
9?ogerg mobeUtrt unb in 5)?iind)en gegoffnt. tte pat $30,000 gefoftet. 
Die jtgur pat cine £bpe yon 9 Sup uttb 6 3otl. Dcr ^rafibeitt toirb 
ftpcnb baraeftellt, pdlt elite Seber tit ber red;tnt -£)anb uttb in ber linfen etnc 
9iolle, toeld)e bie s Proflamatton reprdfenttrt. Dag Oefidit ift cin forreftcg 
33ilb unb bie ^altuitg anmutpyoll unb uaturltcp, Dag Monument ftept 
auf eittem ©ranitfup, Dte 3ufd)rt!ten biefer Statue auf ber 9?orb=, Dft- 
unb ©eftfeije finb attg ben, yon ipnt fell)ft tm ^aufc feiitcg ^ebeit augge- 
prod)etten SBorten getodplt: — 


70 


55 a t> e s Jfl c c u ni. 


Sb £> v a lj a: m SB c tt e © E tc „ 

cun einem ttankbamt t>alke. 

2a§t utte bier bod;lid) befd)lte§ett, 

Dafj bie SRegterung be^ 33olft'i5, 

Durdi ba£ 2$olf unb fiir ba3 33otf, 

(soil m'd)t untergcbit auf ber firbe. 

3d) befeble unb et Flare, 

Daji alle ^erfonett, toe(d)e ate Sflacen gebalten toerbeit, 

3tt ben €taaten, acidic tit Rebellion fittb, 

Stub unb follett non nun an fret fein, 

Wit ($rotl etc^en jteinen, 

50cit ©iittgfeit fiir 51 tie, 

Wit gefttgFeit ini ffiedit, trie (53ott uite ba3 if?edit febett Iagt, 

Sajjt un£ ba£ 5£crf cottenben, iceldieu rctr angefangett. 

Sluf bem fPtefc* fiebt man bie gablreicben, sett ter (scbm)!ftll Wartue, 
organifirt in te58, aufgefubrten 33auten. fKuberit iftnid)t alletn mtfclicb, 
fottbern and) erne betcunbcin^toiir ige .fMtlfe jttr pb^ftfcFnn (Siittcicfluttg, 
unb bat ate [oldie bie 3lufmerffaiitfett frentber <Staaten, tvie and) anbever 
ber 55eretitigten Staaten auf fid) getogen. ybtlabelpbta ift in biefer $in- 
fid)t nid)t biuten geoltebeit, ba bie 3tffociation ttber jebn Slutte jd'blt. 

Dent ©rbdube ber ^djiitylfdl Waritte gur Seite ftebt cut anbertte con 
italieitifd)cm 5raufti;!, gtvei 0tccf t?cct> unb uiit etner Puppet gefrbnt. 
■^>ier ift ber 5Jpparat jur iKettimg con fperfotten, bie inte Gte einbreeben, 
unb tncbr ate 260 5eben ftnb burd) bie Slnftrengungrn ber Witglietcr gc= 
rettet toorben. $ier tiegen attdi bie nad) ter Columbia 33rfcte, ban joolo* 
gifeben ©arten, laurel £>tll, (Sdmplfill pdtlcn unb Wanaputtf gebenben 
Dampffd)i[fe. 5tuf bentfelben fpiafc ift eitt pracbtcoller mit ®olbfii'cf)en ge* 
fiiliter ^pringbruniteit unb bie Witteralquellen. 23on bier au$ gelangt 
matt an bie i*teblinggt»obnung pen Robert Worris. Dieter $err trurbe 
in 1775 ate Delegat jum (Sontinental=@ongre§ gefanbt. 3n jencm Gfott= 
grc§ fpielte er eine £auptrolle unb tourbe juttt fttnangfuperintenbanten er* 
nannt, in tce:dicr <Stcllung er feinem 2ante unfdninbare Dienfte leiftetc. 
@r ftcucrte bebeutenb con feinem eigeneit 23ermbgen bei unb beroog 3lttbere 
feinem 33eifpiel git folqcit. Dbgletd) er in ber (Stabt eine anbere 3Bob* 
tiling batte, mar biefer bod) feine fltebl ngStvobnung unb 3obn 3lbonte, 
33enjamin Sranflin unb 3obn -Tancorf tcaren battfig feine <53afte. 31 nt 
Csnbe ettteS lattgnt, bent Dienfte femes 2anbeS getcibmeten SebenS tcurbe 
er ittte ®efdttgnt§ getc.orfett unb enbigte feine I age tit 3lrmutb. 

ugifelter (Marten. — ier (Smtrittepvete ift 25 Sntte fiir @r- 
tcactifene unb 10 Stitts fttv flinber. 58ir Fettnen feinen in 5'bilatel=» 
pbiu, ber bent 58cfud)er mebr SSergniigen bereiten tcirb, ai^ eitt Wad)mittag 
tm ^oolcgtfcbett Marten, bauptfadjlicl) menu er ber ftiittcrung ter ^bt'ere 
beitcobnt. Xie gutterung^ftunbeit ftnb folgettbe: ffiir 2btocit uttb 2tger, 
4 Ul>r fJiacbmittaggj 3lbler, 3.30 3iad;mittag^; Gclepbanten, 10 Ub^ Wot- 


23at>e 9ftecuni. 


7 L 


<^113 itnb 4.30 fftacpmittagg; bag Sftbinojerog ttm 10 llbr 907cr^cn^ unb 
4.30 Sfadmiittagg. Slnbere frduterfreffeiibe itnb gragfrejfenbe Spiere jtvct 
90? al tag ltd). 

Differ ©arten, tvelcpcr cine ©rb§e von 83 SIcfer bat, tft an fine 3<>ofo- 
gud)e ©efeUfcpaft^wckpe ftd) mbglicpft beimipt, bag <publtfttm *u befriebt* 
gen itnb nu amuftren, vermietpet. ‘Dcr iBerfauf von berattfdmiben ©e* 
tranfen tft unterfagt. 3n fitter Ift eftau ration, bie [id; barm befinbet, fantt 
man adeg Sibtpige pi mafjigeit f)3retfen befommen. 

Tag Slffenbaug foftet -$(>486; etc S3drengrube, $5000; bag S?ogclbattg, 
$57 0; bag <£)aug ber fleifdjfreiJenbcit Jbirre, $50,000. lie ©antmlung 
von 33ogeln itnb Jfteptilien tft cine fepr fcpbne. Dbgletd) bie ^ejjtcrrn fei* 
nen fo angrnepmen 2lnbltcf bieteit, ftnb fie bod) cut anjtebenbeg 0tubiuut 
fitr ben fftaturaliften. 3 n 90?at 1874 paffirte ber Soiigre§ cine S3id, ba§ 
allc fur ben joologtfcpeit ©arten von fpptlabclplita beftinunten Jbtere, 23b'=» 
get itnb 3?eptilien, feinen (Siitganggjofl bejaplen, unb am 14. ftovembet 
1874 erfudUe ber ©efretdr ber Marine able Sontmanbeure unb atibere in 
fremben frtnbern angeftedte Dfftjlere, ber ^vologtfcbm ©efedfdiaft von 
fPpdatclpbia in iprem lobengtvitrbigen Untcrnepmen bepulfltd) ju fetti. 

Tint Parf. — 37te Sifcnbabubrutfe, tvelcbe ben 0d)uplfid gerabe 
oberpalb ber ©iravb Avenue 33ritrfe uberfpannt, ift cine ber fdjbnften 
(©trufturen, bie tnt ‘part m fepen fittb. £)ag erfte -fang jur Sfiediten, 
naebbem man tit ben Parf getreten, petpt „0tveet Sorter". Sim 3?obeit 
fittb ^dmitfelit fitr Ittnber aitgebracpt- Der £>auptfutfcpenjtveig pafftrt 
buret) fine ©ntppe von 9?dumen unb gebt big jtt fitter robett 23riicfc am 
fflttfi. S3eint Sintritt tit ten part, naepbem man bie ©trarb Slvcnue 
33ritcfe uberfepritten f?at, bat man ben 2teb!ieitggfaprtveg — Vangbotvne—• 
ver fid). 3>tbcm man bent SBeg mtt bent Sluge fotgt, fiebt man cine 
©rupee ungepeurcr Xatutnt, bie ben pla^ bejctdmett, auf bem friiber bag 
SBopnpaug von 3optt Pettit, ©oitverneur nub Scmmanbeur*en*Spef ber 
Proving pettnfplvattia. 37a cr eg fur feitte '-pflid)t bielt, ben* $onige treu 
jit blctben, fo tourbe fetit ungebeurrg S3ermogen configjirt ob.Ieicb cr per- 
foitiid), ber jfteinpeit feineg privat*Spara terg tvegen, gcliebt ivurbe. 9iad; 
ber S3eenbigung beg Krtegeg bifucbte tbit SBafpiugton. 

£afjt man bag fftefervotr redftg liegeit, fo fommt ber S?cfud)er bet 
„©eorge’g $itt" an, von ivo aug man ben SlugfteUunggplap ftept, unb ber 
uitgefapr etite Drittel 'Dietle von ben ©ebaitbrtt entferut tft. „©corge’g 
£tU" begreift 83 Slcfer tit fid; unb ivurbe ber ®tabt Pl)tlabelpf)t'a jur Slit* 
lage etiteg parfeg, von 3e||b ©eorge ttnb fritter 0d)tvefter Rebecca ge* 
fcpenft. (Sin pavilion ift auf ben ©tpfel begpugelg gebaut tvorben. Sine 
tounberfdione 0ammtung.S3iumen, gefdn'dt arrangtrt, vermeftrt bie natitr- 
licbe 0d)bitl)ett unb ju angegcbeiteit Perioben trdgt et’it guteg 0rd)eftcr ge* 
lvdbite 0tiide vor. SBte fefoon cnvnpnt, liegt reebtg, in ber 9?ape von 
„©eorge’g ^td 7 ' bag S3elmont Sfefcrvoir. 3n bent S3e(ment SBopnpattg 
ivobttte unb ftarb ?fttd)arb Peters. Sr mar ^rteggminifter tvaprenb ber 
Sievolution unb 39 3apre lattg Tijfrtft* 9iid'tcr ber S?ereintgten ^taaten. 
©aftfrei empftng cr \?afapette, ben 23aron 0tcubcn, ben Slftronomeit 9itt* 
tenpottfe, SBafpington, Robert SSftorrtg, Sadepranb unb ?ouig Philippe. 

0ogar ttocb tnalcrtfdier ift ber gaprtveg von gafrmouut aug lattgg bent 
bftltcben lifer beg 0dmvlftd big ^tint „0tramberrp Sftanfiott 77 . Ueberall 
ift ber f^lu^ fdjbtt, bod; pauptfdd;lidj vott / ,Sa«rei ^)id 7/ aug, tote er trait- 


7 2 


33a be 9ftecum* 


rig itnb ruing jiDtfdjen ben utoei ©tdbten bcr ftillen Jobten, mcldic f)ter bte 
lifer bcbecfen, tapinfliejjt. Seinafee ‘25,000 Pcrfotten It'egen t)ter begrabcn. 

-)lad)bcm man , laurel £>iU'' nerldpt, fommt man bait an ben 353i(fa- 
btcfon, fciitcr naturlidjen Wigtebuitgen unb l)i|tori|cbeu Slffociatiotten ftegctt 
brritbmt. Der p.afc nor bcr Mnbuttg mar etn crfolgretcber 3»fludjtdort 
Vafa^ctted, tnoburcf) etn grope? Defacement unter fetncnt Gfommanbo ter 
©efangettfdjat entgtng. Der 3 U fludn^ert tvurbe juerft auf etnern 
(Ednncrte, to Idled cent (general auf Drbre bed (Sottgreffed ubcrreidit tourte, 
„33arren £iU" genanitt. 2!n ttcfeitt glu§ tourbe etn Jbeil ber ©cjblacbt 
non ©ermantoton geliefert. bcriit)mtc perfonnt ioobntcu an fetiterf 

11 fern. riefelbeu toarett 3obu ttelvtud, toeld)ey an Srfdietmutgen glaubte 
tine cine Sofonte oennancter (SJelfter and Deutfdjlanb braebte; itnb bann 
Danib 9littenboufe, etn 3l[trouom, unb Stel'baber ber 2Bij[en(cf>aft. 


51 It $ ft C l l It It 


jDeamte ber (Crntcnnial-Commiffton ber Uereinigtcu £>taatcm 

Prafibcnt. — 3ofepl) 7v. ^aivley. 

33 tce*Prafit>enten. — Orejled £leuelan 8 , 3 ohn D. Creictb, 7 \ 0 ; 
berr Howvy, Cl)oma 6 *5* <£olMx>eU, 3obn lUcVTeil, YlMHtain 
(Burney 

(9enera6Dircftor. — 2llfreb D. (Bostyorn. 

©efretdr. — -• Campbell, 

$onfulent unb ©acfitoalter. — 3 obn <1 ©boemaFer, U?sq. 

23ureaur ber Gtomntifjton. — 9?o. 903 SBalnut ©trujje. 

(?d {ft nidit unfere 3lbfid)t, etnen Catalog ber andgeftelltcn ©acbctt ju 
ntacben. Differ printlegtum ift Cent £>errn -)fagle betotUtgt toorben. Da 
btefed flctitc 23ucb be^eilt, ben fremben 33efud)er mtt ben ametifanifdiett 
(Sinrtd'tungnt befannt ju ntacben, fie in ^Mulabclpt>ia $u beglciten unb 
itjnen etn 3lnbenfeit ibrer SRetfe ttad) btefer ©tabt mt^ugebett, t^aleit toir 
bifd)le(fett, nn? binfiditlid) bcr 9ludftcltung tittr furj 311 faffett. Ter jttr 
Sludftellurg gema'blte piab batte tiid)t gunftiger feitt fbnnen. Die fiinf 
^attptgebattbe begretfett 60 s Mer in jteb. ©ie fittb befannt aid — 1 . 
£aupt-31ud(Mungdgebdube; 2 . SWafdmtenfyallej 3, ©emalbegaUerte; 4. 
SanbtoirCfdjaftfyaUe; 5. ©artenbauballe, 

.Da$ Af>aupt=5lu$ftcUuitg$gcbaubc*ift in bcr Sorm eitted pa- 
rallelograntd gebaitt unb ift 1^80 fsttft lattg unb 464 $u§ breit. Dad (9c- 
baube bebeeft 20.02 2lcfer. 3it bcr Petite ber bier gronteit fittb bie bier 
^aupteingauge. 33et febent (Stngang ift eitt Jburm non 75 B*u9 ^obe gc* 
taut moreen unb barauf 0bferoatton.d=(9allerten. Dcr Dfteingattg toirb 
ber $auj)t-Slnfunftdpla^ fur itnticben feitt, ba cd 33cfud)ern erlaubt ift, an 
ben Jhitrett unter ben SSlrfabett abuifteignt. Der <Sub eitt gang mirb ter 
•^aupt - Slnfunftdpunft non ben ©trapencard fein. 2luf ber (Sint 2lnenue 
i'inie ftnb ^Bureaux junt 33erfauf non SBitleten. Sin bebeefter 2l'eg tnirb 
non biefett 33itreaur ttad; bcr (Singangdttmre fitl;ren. Dte audfteUcnbcn 





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33 a be 9ft e cunt* 


73 


£anber tverben geograppif$ gdcgcn fetn, tn ©efttoncn, tr>cTd>c guer iiber 
ba? ©ebdube vott Herbert nacp Sntbctt geben. Dtefe? ©ebdttbe pat 
$1,420,000 gefoftet, aupcr ben befonberen 2lu?gaben. 

Dtefe 2lu?fkllung bebecft etnett grbperen 9taunt, ate lute trgenb etne ber 
Vorpergepenben, lute folgenbe 3upteit beivetfcn: — 

9ftiind)en 9lder 4.4, bonbon, 1861, Slder 25.6, 

9?eto=2Jorf „ 4.2. fPari?, 1867, „ 31. 

Snglanb, 1851, „ 18.0. SBten, 1874, „ 56.5. 

S>arfc, 1855, „ 22.1. ^btlabelpbta 76, „ 60. 

9)tafd)tnenI)aUe. — Dtefe? ©ebdube Itegt 542 Sup tvcftlid) born 
$auptait?ftelllung?gebdube; fie {ft 360 Sup brett unb 1402 Sup lang, mtt 
etnent 2lttbau aitf ber ©itbfette yon 208 gu 210 Sup. Der von tpr einge- 
nommene $latj begreift 12.82 2ldcr tn ftd). 0ed)?jepn SMittcn ©cpafte, 
bte bctnape bte gan^c 2dnge be? ©ebdube? burd)gepen, unb an beinapefe- 
bent $ unite gegenubcrlicgcnbe (Scpaftc tverben inception gebracpt tverben. 
3tvblf Sangen btefer <2cpafte tverben mtt etner ©efdjtutnbtgfett von 120 
Sftevolvtttonen ttttb vtcr mtt ciner ©efcpivinbtgFcityon jiuct bunbcrt unb vicr- 
jtg Sftevolutt'onen per 9fttnute, tn 23etuegung fetn. Da? gunbament btefc? 
©ebdube? tft von 0tetit. Da? Dbergepdube bepept au? foltben $oljfdu- 
lett, tuelcpe ba? Dad) unterfiupcn nnb mtt geraben £auptbalfcn unb etfer- 
nett ^trebebanben conftruirt. Die Salueu [tub 40 Sup pod) bte jit bcit 
90 Sup langen Dacpballen ttber ben 3Iuenuen; and) unteiftii^en fie bte 60 
gup lattgen ©ettenbalfen bet etner £>bpe von 20 Sup. Die duperett 
SBdnbe [tub bt? ju etner £>bpe von fitnf Sup au? (Stein gebaut unb befte- 
bett von bter an ait? polirten fatten, bte jtotfcpen ben ©dulen angebradft 
[tub. ©huge Xbetle ber fiattcnarbcit ftnb betueglicp $ur33entilatton. louvre 
23entilatore ftnb uber ben bctben Slvenuen unb ben ^eitett attgebracpt. 

©cntdlfce ©alleHe. — Dtefe? ©ebdube ift tn ber mobernen 9ie- 
natffance. Da? Material tft ©rantt, ©la? unb ©tfen. 5tetn $olj tft juiit 
23att gcbraucpt lvorbett. ©? tft 365 Sup (ang, 210 Sup brett unb 59 Sup 
bod) unb Itegt 300 Sup norbltcp vom $auptgebdube. Der Dorn tn ber 
9ftitte tft 150 Sup pod) nnb enbtgt mtt etner ungepetuen ©lode, attf ber fid) 
bt'c $igur ber Columbia mit befcpitfcenben #dnben bcftnbet. ©tite gtgur 
von folojjaler ©rope ftept an feber ©de be? Dcmfupe?. Dtefe ^tgurett 
reprafentiren bte vter 2Belttpcile. Der ©ingang tft bttrcp bret 33ogentpu- 
rcn, 40 Sup pod) unb 15 Sup brett, bie tit etne £>al(e fuprett. Die mitt- 
lere *^)alle pat 8 \ Sup tm Durcbmeffer. Deftlicp unb lveftltd) von tpr be- 
ftnbett fid) bte ©atterten, febe 98 Sup lang, 84 Sup brett uttb 35 Sup Pod). 
Dte ©aUerten fiinnen tempordr gctpeilt tverben, jur vortpeilpafteren 2lu?- 
ftetlung von ©entdlbcn. Die mittlere $aUe unb ©alleriett bilbett cine 
grope i)atle, 287 Sup lang unb 85 Sup brett unb bait 8000 fperfcnett. 
Dte Soften be? ©ebdube?, $2,199,273, fittb vom 0taate fPennfplvanteit 
unb von ber <Stabt ^ptlabelppta beftritten tvorben, 

D>te Saubtoirtbfdiaft-eliaUe Itegt auf ber bftltd)en 0eite ber 
23elntont Slveuue. Da? ©ebdube bebedt eitteit ^attin von 10 3lder. ©? 
beftept au? etnent lattgen 0cpiff unb bret 0eitenfd)irfen. Da? $iauptfd)tff 
tft 820 Sup lang unb 125 Sup brcit, mtt etner £>bpe von 75 Sup vom 23o- 
bctt bi? juin 23ogenpunft. Da? mittlere 0eiteitfcpiff tft von berfelbett 
^)bpe unb 100 Sup brett; bte jtvet ubrtgen 0eitettfd)iffe fittb 70 Sup pod) 
nnb 80 Sup brett. 2Bte man fd)on au? bent ftanteit erfdprt, bient btefe? 

4 


71 


23 n b e ^fcnnt, 


©ebaube jur 2 lugftcl(uitg bon ftrucfyten, 23ditnten it, f. in. 2 (ttf ber 23 eft- 
feite totrb bie 2 lu?ftefluug bcr 3 tfd)c nub yon 2111 cm, toag junt $ifd?en ge- 
bcrt, fettt. Dcr fpiafc ju btcfer 2lugftellung ift 40 gujj brctt unb K) Su§ 
lang; bte fDalfte baoott tft fur bte 2 lugftcflcr bcr 23ereintgten ©taateu refer- 
oirt. ©an$ in bcr 9?di)e tft bcr 2lu$jWtung3pla& fur ^ferbe, 33ict> it. f. to. 

(^avtcnbanballc. — X tefess ©ebaubc tft befttmmt, a:g ettte 3 l ’orbc 
beg ftairmount $arf_, ftcfjen jit bletbcn. (5g Itegt norblid) oott bent -CMitpt* 
gebdube; matt uberfiebt ben ©cbuplftll unb fXbetle bcr tsstaot. Dag ©e- 
bdttbe tft 383 $u§ fang, 193 §u§ breit unb 72 3ttf) bod). (£g tft tin mob 3 
rifefyen 23aufh;f beg $toolften 3al)rl)iiittcrtg unb baa Jpauptmatcrial tft (itft'it 
unb ©lag. Die oort|)eilbafte Sage uttb bte ©dibit be it beg ©cbdubeg tna* 
dtcit eg 311 cittern bcr attjte. enbftctt bcr oon bcr Qtommtffien criiebtcten. butt 
£auptftocf beftnbet fid; bag Sentralccnferoatertum, 230 ftttf) lung, 80 8 u§ 
brctt unb 55 gujj bod). Dbcit barguf beftnbet fid; etne I'atcrnc, 170 ftu§ 
lang, 20 guff brctt uttb 14 gu§ bod). ©anj tint bag Qfonferoatortum 
berttnt, jnmttjig fttt§ ootn 23oben, tft cine fitnf $u§ breite ©allerte. 2 lttf 
bcr fftorb* unb ©ubfette btcfeg $auptraumeg ftnb oier Dretbbaufer gur 
ftortpflanjung juttger ^flanjen, jcbeg 100 8 u§ lang unb 30 <iu§ brctt, ntit 
gebogetten Dac^em oon (itfett unb ©lag bebeeft. 3 ^ti'd)cn ben jtoei Dretb- 
bdufern attf jeber btefer ©citen tft eitt 2>orl)alle oott 30 $u§ ini Durc^mof¬ 
fer. 3it bcr Witte bcr £)ft= unb SBeftfeiten fittb dfjnlidie 2$orfdle unb attf 
ben ©eiten berfclben bte Ofeftaurantg, bag (inipfanggjfmmcr, 23ureaur u. 
f. to. 23on bnt 33orfd(cn fitbrcn jtcrltdtc ©ttegen it ad) ben ttiitemt ©atle- 
rten beg (Sonferoateriumg, foiote aucl) itacb ben oter dufjerett ©allrrtctt, febe 
100 ffujj lang uttb 10 $u§ breit, toclcbc ftd) attf bent Dacbc ber Dreibbaufcr 
beftnben. Dtefc du§ercn ©allcriett ftcltcn mit enter groffcit ^romcnabe, 
toelcbe burd) bte Dacber ber ^arterrejtntmer gebilbct totrb, bte 1880 Ctitab- 
ratparbg tit fid) begretft, tit 23crb(nbuitg. 3 U bett £)ft- into 2£cfteiit- 
gdngen gelangt titan burd) blauc Warmortrcppen oott 80 guff Igngen unb 
20 $u§ bretten Dertaffeit, tit ber Witte oon toeld;ctt etne offene Mtcgque 
fteft. 2 ld)t, jttr 3 torbe btencttbe ©pringbrunneit beftnben ftd) tit bent 
£auptconferoatortum. Die (Srrtdjtuttg beg 23aueg b)at -$'253,937 gefoftet, 
au§er ben Soften beg $eij= 21 pparatg. 

3>ct 4 H’t*aucn=^at)tIloit btent jur 21 ugftettung allcr oon bett ^ratten 
ber 2?eretntgtnt ^taaten oerfertigten ^.attbarbetteu. Die Soften toarett 
$40,000. 

Dtefent ^aotflon gerabe gegenitber tft bag oon bcr 9 fegteruug ber 23eret- 
ittgten ©taaten eirtd)tete ©ebaube, toefdieg $05,000 gefoftet bat uttb aug 
•Oolg unb ©lag gebaut 11 . 21 Ue Departententg ber 9£cgterung toetben tit- 
terejjante ©adteit augftelleit. Winter btefem ©ebaube toerben ficb bie iba- 
betten mtt tt>ren 8 elblager- 2 lrrangementg bcfittbcn. 

3 n etner £tttte mtt ber ©emdlbegallcrte unb ^titter bent ^auptgcbvtube 
ift bte 9tid)ter$ ~ 152 3u§ lang unb 114 3u§ breit. 3n ter 

?D£ttte ift eitt ©aal fitr Weetingg, 23erfammluttgen, it. f. to. unb etn flet- 
nerer fur bie Sentenntal - (Sontmiffton. Dtejioet jufantmen faffett 700 
^erfotten. Sg ift and) etne obere ©aderie fitr fcamen oorbaitbett. Dort 
toerben bie 9£id)ter gttr 2 lugtbeilung oott s Preifett jufammenfontmett. 

©tatuc oon ©fjriftopi) (Sofumbii^.— Dfyne Solumbug todre 
21mertfa oiellet'd;t nod; uubcfaitnt, Uebcrall toerben ©utuen uttb fERottu* 


SBafce Wecum. 


75 


tit elite gur (Srinnerung an btefen unfterbltcben ©etttug erricfytet. (£g iff 
paffenb, ba§ gur ©elegenbett btcfes5 Sefteg bcr 9Jationcit, nub tn ©egeit- 
ivart bcr gangcn 2£elr, feinem 3lnbenfen cut ^8ett>ets5 son Sanfbarfeit be- 
iteigt mcrbe. Stc ©rrtcfttung btefeg Wonumentg ift bent Qtfer unb ber 
Sncrgte etittger mentgen ttglientjdien SetDofyner son $f)tlabelpbta gu oer- 
banfen, £emrragenb unler btefen ftnb: £err $ttt, ital entf^er Sonfut 
liter, gran Stnellt unb grau £agomarfino. X)icfes3 Monument mirb ben 
gt often Seefaprer tm Sfugenblicf, in meld)ent er bag ncuc 2anb entbecft, 
barjMetu Sie Statue rotrb aug toetftent Warmer, 9iagaggtone, fein. 

'Sag Wonument gum 2fnbenfcn an YlMthetipoon iff am Gen be ber 
23tibergaUerte unb tft elite SBrong'e Statue, auf ctnent ©ranitfufje jle^enb* 
3obn SBitberfpoon mar fitter ber Untcrgetd)ner bcr Gerftdrung unb aucp 
einer ber eifrtgftcit SBert^eteigcv ber amerifantfettett Unabbangtgfett. 

Sag Wonument Don ^umbolbt befte^t aug einer 9 Stiff ^o^en23ronge- 
Statue. 

Ste Statue bev 0JcItoton<S=^rcU)eit. — Snifter ftaren bte 
Wcnfcben gegttningcit, itjren religtbfen ©iauben bent SBiffeu beg Staatcg 
angttpaffen; beute, gebanft fet eg einer erleuditftcn Getoiltfatton, flebt eg 
tfmett fret, fur fid; fclbft git benfen, unb 23telc mdt)(en, obtte baratt gebinbert 
gu merbett, aug ben oielen beftebenben ^icligtougfpftemen, 3n fetnem 
£anbe tft reltgtbfe S.retbeit fo auggebrei.tet gemefen, tote tit ben 23crctutgten 
(Staaten, mo bag Wajrtm beg bcriibmtcit Geaoour, „eiite frete 5Iircl)e in ci¬ 
ttern freicit Staate" gur gotten ©eltuitg fommt. C£g ift ttur gered)t, baft 
bet biefer ftreubenfeter gur Gertniterung an bie ©eburt ber polttifd)en Sret- 
beit, ^ieligiongfreibeit nid)t oergeffeit toerbe, beitn fie finb intmer eng ntit- 
etnanber oerbunbett gemefen. Sie 3ubcit, meldje fo lange ungereebt oer- 
fotgt movben ftnb, paten bie SSeranlaffung gegeben, gu btefent 9(cfpeftbc- 
metg ber Stehgtongfreibett. Sie Statue foftet $30,000 unb totrb mit bent 
Suffe 20 Buff bod) fein. 

$>etttt*$ Statue. — (Sr, bem $bt(abe(pbta feme Grriftenggerbanft, 
tft itid)t oergeffeit to or ben, unb bie fotoffale 23roitgeftatue, toelcpe bte puppet 
bcr lteueit Stabtbafte frotten fott, toirb md’brenb ber Slugftctlung gu fepen 
fein. 

(Smangipattoit. — Siefe Statue fott bte 23ortbet(e, bte ber 9?cger 
unter einer fretett 9tegterung gentefff, ba er auf gletcbeit Buff nut anbereit 
25ttrgertt geftetft totrb, reprdfeittiren. 

3tt ber Sountatit Sloeitue, bet ber Wafcptnenballe ift ber son ber „2>m- 
pereng - ©efeUfcpaft" erridjtetc Sprtttgbrunnen. (Sin Baffin son 40 Buff 
Surcbmeffer but tit ber Witte etttett Stetnblocf, auf bem bie Statue son 
Wofeg, im 33egrtff, beit i&tein gu begaubertt, bargeftettt totrb. 

5luf bcr s 2tnbbbe gu Selmont tft cut Obfemtorium erridttet morbett, oon 
melcbent man etne auggegeiebuete 5lugficbt tiber bte Stabt geittep. T er 
(Sintrittgpretg toirb 10 (Sentg per $erfon fein unb gept Wiituten fattn man 
fid) obett aufbalten. 

S^et* SiiUcti tft etne fogenanute Obeffiuratton, berett grower Saat 
500 ^erfoneiufajfett fattn, Sdg ©ebdube tft 2 Storf bod), 100 Sufg tang 
unb 9G Su§ breit. 



jht jjalt. 


©eite. 

£>te (SrHarung ber Unabfyangtgfett »on Slmertfd, am 4, 3ult 1776.... 3 

Unabbangtgfeit3*(Srflaruttg. 12 

donftttution ber SSereinigteit ©taaten. 16 

•Shtr^e Ucbeuftcpt ber ©efcl)td)te ber $raftbenten ber SSer. ©taaien. 31 

£>te gegentoarttge 9tegterung ber 23er. ©taaten.. 39 

5D?itgltebcr beg yterunbyterjtgflen (£ougre(jc$. 39 

jDiplomtfltfcper $brper. 45 

$ojl*£artf. 46 

£elegrapfyen=*pretfe. 48 

flabet-Hartf. 49 

(Sine rtttgemetne Ueberftc^t ber ©tabt.. 49 

£>te um bte ©tabt Itegenben £>brfer unb £)iftrifte. 51 

£)tc ^einiat^en soon 5)l;ilabclpt)ta. 53 

•Dte ©trafjen. 53 

Dejfentltc^e Q5arfe. 54 

$)ferbebabn*21bbre£jfalenber. 55 

^utfc^en«gflF)rtartf. 61 

grcmbe Sonfultt tit $f)tlabelpfyta. 61 

Sweater unb UnterfyaltungSorte. 62 

^lalje yon Sntereffe. 63 

©eb(iube am 9Ju$jMung$bIa£e. 72 























.fjerausjjcbcr, Jmportcure unfc 4|8nMcr in 


a. 



1228 (S&eftmtt Strafe, 

(frlifycr 1104) 

l) 11 a help Tj i a ♦ 


^gcnfeu fur 

M- &nire, §ffmbnch, a.«0. 



Unternetymer von 



31o. 277 5ub Dritte Strngc, 


?$UaDelp$ia. 













S. Pitri & C. Trtcomo, 

SBnrluere ltitb g-rifcttre, 

3Io. 826'la Sub ilcfjte Struve, 

WU<tteI|»*fa. 


23efonbere 9Iufmerffamfett ftirb bem £>nnr= uitb 2 ?art- 8 arben getyibntef, 
fott>ie and) bcm «£>aar[dmetben yon iltnbern. 

Sine grope 9Iudh>apl yon 

<1 I g it 0 0 C- tt: 

ftetd yorratptg. 

^butgltcb Sanabtfcbe 

SSerftdjcnntp=(vicjcUfriinff, 

TUontrcaf, Canaba. 

< • • » »-- 

$rdfibent, Bol)ti jOllcll, 

^efrctiir, Jlrlljur Qi>agnon, 
©efdjdftdfiiprer, ^.Ifveb pern). 
Untcr=©cf<$dftdfut)W, £). jt. #irbi). 

©ubfcrtbirteiS Capital.$6,000,000 

Saar ©elb. 1,367,465 

S3aarfd)aft in ben Seveinigten Staaten 794,500 

2 Ule in ben 93ereinigten ©taaten empfaugencn $rdmten lyerben yon 
bem tit 9?em 2 )ovf toopneitben 33cyoKmdd)ttgtcn angelegt nnb junt ^d)it 0 
ber tit ben $cretntcjten ©tnatcn wot)nenben $olijenfjalter getjalten. 

81* Sabine, 

©efdjdftdfuprcr bed ^ijilabelppin 3 )wtQd, 

147 §ft5 ^ierle $tra|e, 

P l> i l a b e l p l) i a. 




(Sd) 5 n, 23 tflig, 33 ertrauen 3 tt>urbtg, 

cv dv4 - f Kleiber, $(ctber, Kleiber, } *, 

» Crt ‘ 9 i Kleiber; ftleib«; ^kibci- j 9Cmn ^ te 

pi Seamier! Shaku! Siinglittgc! fiubci! 

$a«r ©clb. ©arantic. 


©in prcis. 




©clb juruchijcflcbcn. 


If* 


/» 


6cd>fte unb ITTarFet unb ^)rei;elj>nte unb UTarFet Btr. 

^ \) i I <t b c 1 p \) i a* 


JCiigomiuoima & <£ unco, 

gabrifanten Don 

prnten nnb St&giiffcn. 

§unbert unb tnef)r uerfdjiebene Stvten italienifdjer 

gagon. 

UlTnfThtttim ^erben DcrooUfitinDigt unb Snmjjfimifjlcn 
^UllJUJiUlU g Um ^ a (eit unb 3 ur 53ereitung Don jilcie 
eingertcfytet. — ^reife fef)r mapig. 
gur SBefteUungen, 

801, 803, 805 (Elmfttcm ©tvafte, 
P{;i[abc[pl;ia. 



„Iie 311 fpAt 3 «r f efferung.” 

SCcntt ©tc gifttge unb fcpd’blicpe $aarfictrFung3mtttfcl gebraucpt paben • 
11 nb finb fie uberbrltffig getoorben, met! fie 3prcr ©efunbpeit gefd;abet urtb 
3pr £>aar ruintrt paben, fo bcrfutpen ©te etn ^rdparat, ba3 3pnen rn'ctit 
im ©eringjfcn fdmben totrb: &utt¥cl'$ SftrtQtfcfjct* *f>aam*ttcus 
ever* ©tefer $aarerneuerer ift ein fcpablofe3 ^raparat, tveld)c3 grauen 
£aarett itacb otermaltgcr 2littoenbung tpre itaturlidje braune garbe jttrutf- 
geben toirb, tnbern c3 ba3 £aar jugletcp meid) unb gldnjenb rnaept. (S3 
gtbt gemifeptem £aar ttacp gtoct ober bret Stmoenbungen fciite natitrlicpe 
garbe, tjellem £aar ein fcpbne3 23ratut, unb rotpetn ein $afiantenbraun 
ober ©cpfoarj. (S3 tft frei oott ©cptoefel, toeldjer ficp ttocp SBodien unb 
donate nacp bent ($5ebraud) burd; fetnen totbrigen ©erttep Pemerfltcp matpt. 
(S3 iff fret Don alien 23letprdp'araten, toeltpe ©ift fur ba3 ®eptrn finb; e3 
entpdlt feine ©dure, SSitriol, Quedftlber, ©tlber ober trgenb bent £>aare 
fcpdblicpc ©toffe. (S3 tftnur etn fjMparat, unb man brauipt oor fritter 
Slntoenbung ntept jucrft ben ftopf ober 33art ju toafepett nttb abjutroefnen. 
(S3 Derbletipt ntipt unb Idjjt ficp aucp niept abtotfdpen. 

2Se«n bent £aare bte gemunfepte garbe miebergegeben tft, brauept ba3 
$rdp*rat donate lang ntept mepr attg ioanbt ju toerbett, nuv tit bem 
^Jiafte, in bem ba3 £aar todepft. gitr ben 33art ubertrifft btefc3 $rdpa- 
rat alle bt3 jept jum SSerfattf geboteiteit, fotoopl jur tBteberperftettung ber 
garbe, tote attep jur garbling, tttbem ber 23art toeicp unb naturlicp blctbt. 

^utnkePs ^lagifcpcr fjaarerneuerer tft ganj fcpablod unb fepr leicptan- 
toenbbar, opne bie fjaut jit beflecfen. (Sr gibt grattent, gemifeptem, rotpem, 
pellem ober oerbleicptent £>aar ober Sd'rteu ettt fcbbnc3, toctcpe3, glaitjenbcS 
33rautt ober ©cpwarj, nadp jtoci bi3 oier 2lmocnbungen. (Sr oerbleicpt niept: 
unb Idftt ficp niept abtotfepett. 

^Prci§ $1 btc eber $5 fiir fcd)§ ^lafc^cn. 

3 * ^ K <$v., 3 (gcntcit, 

91G U>ine ^trage x |)l)ilabel|jl)ta ; pa. 


33ir palten and; cine fcptme 5ln3toapl ©eifen, (SoSmettcS, ^ajtrfetfen, 
3npn- 9?agel- unb £aarburften jum 5Serfnuf. |)aare toerbett gefdrbt unb 
gclodt. gletpten unb alter Slrt ^aararbeiten toerbett ttacp ber lepteit-Diobe, 
auf 23eftetlung ju peruntergefepten ^)retfen oerfertigt. Alomnten ©te unb 
ubeqeugen ©te ficp. 



VADE ME CUM, 

o 

G IT I D A 

DEI VISITATOIU DELLA 


ESPOSIZIONE DI FILADELEIA, 

IN OCCASIONE 


DELL’ANNO CENTESIMO DELLA SDA INDIPENDENZA. 


COMPILATO DAL 

Sig. A. NOBILE, 

7 

PROFESSORE DI LINGUA ITADIANA E FRANCE5E. 


STAMPERIA COLLINS, 705 VIA JAYNE. 

1 8 7 6. 




Entered according to the Act of Congress, iD the year 1876, by Sig. A. Nobile, in 
the Office of the Librarian of Congress. All rights reserved. 

























































































































































































































































































x 


ADQUARTEDS 



GUIDA 


DEI VISITATORI DELIA 


ESPOSIZIONE DI FILADELFIA, 


IN OCCASfONE 


DELL’ ANNO CENTESIMO DELLA SUA INDIPENDENZA. 


Dichiarazione dell’ Indipendenza Americana, il giorno 

Luglio, 1776. 

L’esposizione di Filadelfia essendo destinata a commemorare 
il centenario della liberta Americana, abbiamo pensato essere 
cosa utile di ricordare a coloro che visiteranno questa cittA, in 
qual maniera venne adottata nel giorno 4 di Luglio dell’anno 1776 
la sopradetta dichiarazione. Il popolo degli Stati Uniti a buon 
diritto puo andare superbo di questa energica risoluzione; ed 
ogni buon citt.adino sia residente negli Stati, sia all’ estero ebbe 
sempre l’abitudine di celeb rare ogni anno con pompa e festa il 
ricordo di tale giorno felice, come h nostro costume celebrare la 
festa dello Statuto; e speriamo che i nostri figli potranno egual- 
mente un giorno celebrare il centenniale anniversario della nostra 
Unione ed Indipendenza. 

Il primo congresso continentale, che si riuni in Filadelfia nella 
sala detta dei Falegnami il 5 del mese di Settembre, fu convocato 
solamente alio scopo di consultarsi reciprocamente. I membri 
che lo componevano si radunarono irresoluti su quanto era da 
farsi, riguardando ogni nuova opposizione del ministero Inglese, 
quale un sopracarico ai mille mali gia diventati intollerabili. 
In quest ’assemblea dodici colonie inviarono i loro delegati. La 
Georgia non era rappresentata. Le proteste erano gli unici mezzi 
cou i quali quest! delegati si lusingavano di scongiurare le venture 
calamita. Era d’uopo fare un leale ed umile indirizzo al re. 




4 


VADE MECUM. 


Doveva implorarsi il popolo della Gran Brettagna, affinchk usasse 
della sua influenza per prevenire le ingiustizie ed i danni risul- 
tanti dalla cornpleta esecuzione delle leggi ostili all ’America 
emanate dal Parlamento. Resistenza non f'u decretata, a meno 
che per tale non venisse interpetrata la risoluzione che la Pro- 
vincia della baja di Massachussett non doveva obbedienza alcuna 
“ alV ultimo crudele in gi us to ed oppressivo editto del P arlamento 
Inglese .” Gli atti piu aggressivi di questa riunione furono due 
risduzioni, una contro l’importazione, l’nso e la compra delle 
mercanzie Inglesi a cominciare dal primo giorno del mese di 
Decembre 1775, l’altra che al primo del mese di Settembre dell’an- 
no 1775 dovesse egualmente cessare ogni esportazione colla 
Grande Brettagna e colie Indie Inglesi occidentali; a meno che 
le ingiustizie non fossero risarcite e riparate. II 26mo giorno di 
Ot.tobre il congresso si prorogo, raccomandando al popolo delle 
colonie Americane, che se il Ministero Inglese non facesse ragione 
alle loro lagnanze, un nuovo Congresso sarebbesi tenuto nella 
citta di Filadelfia, a parti re dal 10 di Maggio 1775. 

Le speranze con le quali si separarono i membri di questo primo 
congresso furono illusorie. Nel ministero e nel Parlamento 
inglese non esisteva alcuna predisposizione a rendere giustizia 
alle lagnanze degli Americani. Il secondo congresso dunque 
com’era stato deliberato, si riuni il 10 di Maggio, nel palazzo 
governativo di Filadelfia. I delegati variavano nel loro mandato 
e nel loro potere. Alcuni vennero eletti dalle assemblee pro¬ 
vincial!, e rappresentavano i legittimi governi coloniali; altri 
vennero inviati da conferenze e convenzioni popolari riunite ad 
hoc contro, ed a dispetto dei desiderii delle autoritit coloniali, le 
quali non simpatizzavano con i sentimenti Americani. A causa 
di queste circostanze i delegati dovettero agire con estrema 
prudenza. Ooloro spediti dalle assemblee coloniali non osarono 
agire al di 14 dell’ autoritae del mandato loro accordato. Coloro 
mandati ed eletti dal popolo dovettero astenersi da una trop- 
po grande liberty, e dalle circostanze furono costretti ad agire 
con discrezione tale, che da taluni venne confusa con la timidith. 
I delegati dunque si regolarono secondo le instruzioni ricevute ; 
ed abbench6 le battaglie di Lexington e Concordia fossero 
accadute prima della riunione del Congresso; nullameno detti 
delegati si conformarono semplicemente e rigidamente ad auto- 
rizzare le misure di difesa contro gli oltraggi tirannici del governo 
Inglese. Nel fare cio forse alcuni eccedettero i limit! del loro 
mandato ; pero sufficiente scusa si trova nella necessity delle cir¬ 
costanze. Anche nell’ organizzazione delle armate e nell’ auto- 
rizzazione delle ostilita i membri del Congresso cercarono di 
rimanere per quanto loro era possibile pifl viciuo alio spirit© 
delle ricevute instruzioni. Passiamo un poco in rivista queste 
instruzioni. 

Il Connecticut, elesse i suoi delegati il 3 Novembre, 1774, 


YADE MECUM. 5 

i 

per unirsi, consultarsi e provvedere unitamente alle altre colo¬ 
nie delT America Inglese a misure adatte ad avanzare il ben 
essere delle colonie.” L’unirsi a misure adatte era il maximum 
dell ’autorita conf'erita, e se queste parole fossero sufficiente auto- 
rizzazione per atti di guerra h ardua questione. 

La baja di Massachusetts pel canale della sua convenzione pro- 
vinciale avendo scffferto molto dal 1’ oppressione Inglese, fu molto 
pift determinata nell ’autorita conferita ai suoi delegati, che ven- 
nero scelti il 5 del mese di Deceinbre, 1774. Fu loro accordato 
“ pieno potere di concertarsi, con i delegati delle altre colonie, 
cadere d’accordo dirigere ed ordinare quelle misure, che loro 
sembrerebbero pin adatte a ristabilire e ricoverare i diritti e le 
liberta degli Americani, non che a riannodare l’armonia fra le 
colonie e la Gran Brettagna.” 

Il Maryland, per mezzo di una convenzione di deputati, il 12 del- 
mese di Settembre, 1774, dette ai suoi delegati al Congresso il 
potere “ di consultare ed accedere a tutte quelle misure che detto 
Congresso giudicherebbe necessarie ad ottenere riparazione dei 
torti; ed inoltre quella provincia si obbligava per quanto era 
in suo potere ad eseguire tutte le risoluzioni che a questo Con¬ 
gresso piacerebbe di adottare.” Questa era un’ autorita illi- 
mitata, solo soggetta alle determinazioni del rimanente delle Colo¬ 
nie. 

La Pensilvania, con voto della sua assemblea, elesse i suoi 
delegati il 15 del mese di Settembre, 1774, loro accordando solo 
di essere presenti al Congresso e senz’ alcun mandato di cio che 
dovessero fare. 

La Carolina del sud nel giorno 11 del mese di Gennajo, 1775 
nclla convenzione provinciale, scelse i suoi delegati, ” con pieni 
poteri di concertarsi, accordarsi, dirigere ed ordinare tali poste¬ 
riori misure che nell’ opinione dei detti deputati e delegati delle 
altre colonie Americane riunite, sembrassero necessarie al ri- 
covero e stabilimento delle franchigie e diritti Americani, ed a 
ristorare la pace e l’armonia fra la Gran Brettagna e le colonie.” 

La camera dei comuni della Carolina del sud, il 3 Febbrajo 
ratified questo mandato “ con pieno potere ed autorita di concer¬ 
tarsi, aderire e mettere in esecuzione tali misure, che nell’ opinio¬ 
ne di detti deputati e dei deputati riuniti sarebbero giudicate 
atte ad ottenere riparazione dei torti.” 

La Nuova Jersey, elesse i suoi delegati il 24 Gennajo, 1775, 
per mezzo di assemblea, senz ’instruzione alcuna, tranne di rap- 
portare quanto avesse luogo. 

Nuovo Hampshire, per mezzo di convenzione, il 25 Gennajo, 
1775, conferi ai suoi delegati “ pieno ed ampio potere in riguardo 
a questa provincia, di consentire ed aderire a tutte le misure da 
questo congresso giudicate necessarie ad ottenere riparazione 
dei torti ricevuti.” 

Le contee basse del Delaware (oggi Stato del Delaware) con 

1 * 


6 


VADE MECUM. 


risoluzione dell ’assemblea in data del 16 Marzo, 1775, dette ai 
suoi delegati potere, “ di concertarsi ed aderire a posteriori mi- 
sure che loro sembrassero le pifi adatte per accomodare le ques- 
tioni infelici fra la Gran Brettagna e le sue colonie sopra un 
fondamento constituzionale, molto desiderato dalla dotta camera.” 
La Virginia elesse i suoi delegati il 20 Marzo, 1775, senz’al- 
cuna instruzione. 

La Carolina del Nord, il giorno quinto del mese di Aprile, 
1775, per mezzo di convenzione, dette ai suoi delegati “ poteri 
tali da rendere ogni atto decretato da loro o da qualcuno di 
loro, a ogni assento dato in ajuto o pel bene di questa pro vincia 
obbligatorio all ’onore di ciascun abitante della stessa provincia.” 
L’assemblea di questa provincia due giorni dopo ratified dette 
nomine. 

New York, nella convenzione provinciale, il 22 del mese di 
Aprile, tre giorni dopo la battaglia di Lexington, gia venuta in 
conoscenza di tutti, nomind delegati, “per concertarsi e per de- 
terminare sopra misure che fossero giudicate le piu eifettive per 
la preservazione ed il ristabilimento dei diritti Americani e pella 
ristorazione dell ’armonia fra le colonie e la Gran Brettagna.” 

L’Isola di Rhodes, e le piantagioni della Provvidenza, con voto 
dell’assemblea, il 7 del mese di Maggio, ordinarono ai delegati di 
consultarsi con i delegati delle altre colonie “ sopra adatte mi- 
sure per ottenere il rappello dei varii atti del Parlamento Inglese, 
che imponevano tasse sopra i soggetti di SuaMaesta in America 
senza loro assento; e per consultarsi pure sopra le misure pro- 
prie a ristabilire i diritti e le liberta delle colonie, sopra giuste 
e solide fondamenta.” 

La Georgia, la quale nel primo congresso non aveva delegati, 
non ne mando tampoco a questo secondo, che solo quattro 
mesi dopo il suo radunarsi. E vero che il Dr. Lyman Hall, nel 
giorno 12 del mese di Maggio si presents quale rappresentante 
della parroochia di S. Giovanni, nominato delegato dai cittadini 
di cotesta parocchia, e che venne ricevuto come tale. Pero la 
colonia di Georgia fino al 4 di Luglio non scelse i suoi delegati, 
e questi non intervennero al congresso di Filadelfia che il 12 
Settembre. La convenzione di Georgia incarico i suoi rappre- 
sentanti di “ fare, transigere, concorrere ed aderire con gli altri 
diversi delegati delle altre colonie o provincie sul continente 
a tutti gli atti e fatti che potessero sembrare preferibili ed adatti 
in siffatte critiche circostanze, alia preservazione e difesa dei 
nostri diritti e franchigie, ed alia ristorazione dell ’armonia su 
priucipii constituzionali fra la Gran Brettagna ed America.” 

L ’oggetto apparente era se possibile, il ristoro dell ’armonia 
con la Gran Brettagna. Se il ministero Inglese avesse potuto 
comprendere meglio lo spirito degli Americani, un disgraziato 
errore sarebbe stato evitato. Perd esso era orgoglioso, vano e 
presuntuoso, ed immagind che i castighi avrebbero potuto ri- 


VADE MECUM. 


7 


durre i coloni a patti. Kssi giustamente immaginarono die 
1’America non desiderava di separarsi dalla Gran Brettagna, ma 
non prevedettero ehe continuata prepotenza avrebbe forzate 
le colonie ad assumere la loro Indipendenza. Le ostilita con- 
tinuarono per otto lunghi mesi. La montagna di Bunker (Bunker 
Hill) era stata assaltata dagl’ Inglesi i quali se ne erano impa- 
droniti con immensa perdita. Charlestown era stata bruciata, 
Tinconderoga e Crown Point erano state catturate dagli Ameri- 
cani, la spedizione nel Canada sotto gli ordini di Arnoldo e 
Montgomery era penetrata nei luoghi selvaggi, e dopo coraggioso 
pugnare ed immensi patimenti, i suoi sforzi furono inutili. New 
York era caduta nelle mani degli Inglesi; Combattimenti ter- 
restri e navali avevano avuto luogo, e sudditi Inglesi combat- 
tevano solo per assicurare i diritti, che credevansi essere posseduti 
da ogn i suddito Inglese. Esaltati Whigs pensavano ad ottenere 
Indipendenza. e studiavano come tale grande risultato potesse 
essere ottenuto. Altri temevano che quanto prima potesse 
avere luogo un tentativo per separarsi dalla Gran Brettagna, 
e sitfatto pensiero li allarmava. Nulla, nullameno, era stato 
detto o scritto iu favore di una completa indipendenza, quando 
il 15 del mese di Gennajo, 1776, Roberto Bell, librajo, che 
dimorava nella terza strada di Filadelfia, edito le prime copie 
di un opuscolo, intitolato “ Comun senso,” nel quale apparvero i 
primi argomenti in favore di una totale indipendenza dal con- 
trollo dell’ Inghilterra. Era bene scritto e convincente, ed all’u- 
nisuono del pensare di ogni vero patriota. Yarie edizioni di 
questa pubblicazione si succedettero, e si seppe esserne l’autore 
un tale Tommaso Paine, Inglese, che era in America solo da 
poco plu di un anno. “ 11 comun senso” fu confutato da altro 
opuscolo intitolato. “ Chiare Verita” e varii altri, ed immediata- 
mente la questione d’ indipendenza occupd in tutta 1’America le 
menti di ognuno. I delegati al Congresso erano tuttavia sotto il 
controllo di prudent! ingiunzioni loro date pochi mesi prima 
dalle autorita che li avevano nominati. Nuova Jersey il giorno 
14, del mese di Febbrajo, dopo la pubblicazione del “Comun 
senso,” elesse i suoi delegati perd loro non dette nuovi ordini. 
La camera dei rappresentanti dei paesi bassi del Delaware, il 22 
del mese di Marzo ingiunse ai suoi delegati di “ cogliere ogni- 
opportunita di effettuare una' riconciliazione con la Gran Bret¬ 
tagna, su principii tali da assicurare ai suoi constituent un 
pieno e duraturo godimento di tutte le loro-giuste liberty e 
privilegii.” La Carolina settentrionale il 22 di Aprile, epoca 
nella quale entravano al potere i rappresentanti della colonia 
con voto della convenzione dette la prima approvazione “di con- 
correre con quelli delle altre colonie a stabilire l’indipendenza.” 
La convenzione della Virginia, il 15 di Maggio, unanimamente 
risolse “ che ai suoi delegati venisse ordinato di proporre al 
congresso "di dichiarare le colonie unite Stati liberi ed Indipen- 


8 


VADE MECUM. 


denti, assolti da qualunque ubbidienza o dipendenza dalla Corona, 
o Parlamento di Gran Brettagna e the essi portassero il con- 
sentimento di quella colonia a tale dichiarazione ed alle misure 
per forrnare alleanze forestiere ed una confederazione delle 
colonie; a condizione che il potere di forniare un governo e la 
regolarizazzione degP interni affari di ciascuna colonia fosse 
laseiata alle respettive legislature coloniali.” Oonformemente 
aquesto mandato Riccardo Enrico Lee di Virginia, Venerdi, il 7 
Giugno, propose la seguente risoluzione appoggiata da Giovanni 
Adams, del Massacliusset. 

“ Risoluto, che queste colonie unite sono e di diritto do- 
vrebbero essere Stati independenti e libcri; che esse sono sciolte 
da qualunque ubbidienza alia Corona Inglese e che qualun¬ 
que relazione tra esse e lo Stato della Gran Brettagna e, o do- 
vreb’ essere interamente sciolta.” 

Questa proposta fu presa in considerazione i giorni 8 e 10 
di Giugno. Fu allora risoluto di posporre il soggetto fino al 
Lunedi primo del mese di Luglio “ e uel tempo stesso, af- 
finche non si perdesse tempo nel caso che il congresso l’appro- 
vasse, fu deciso di nominare un comitato per preparare una 
dichiarazione d’ accordo con la detta risoluzione.” Il presidente 
Hancock il giorno sussequente, annunzio essere detto comitato 
composto di Tommaso Jefferson di Virginia, John Adams del 
Massaehussett, Beniamino Franklin della Pensilvania, Ruggiero 
Sherman del Connecticut e Roberto R. Livingston di New York. 
11 giorno susseguente, venne nominato un secondo comitato del 
quale Josia Bartlett delNuovo Hampshire era il presidente, alio 
scopo” di preparare e discutere la forma di una confederazione 
fra queste colonie” ed un ultro comitato incaricato di “prepara¬ 
re un piano di trattati da essere proposti alle potenze estere 
Giovanni Dickinson della Pensilvania essendone il presidente. 

Le risoluzioni della Carolina settentrionale e della Virginia 
furono modello di simile equale azione per le altre colonie. L’As- 
semblea del Connecticut, il 14 di Giugno ordino ai suoi delegati 
al congresso “ di favoreggiare 1’ indipendenza, la confederazione 
e le alleanze all ’estero.” 

Il Nuovo Hampshire, il 15 Giugno, voto in favore “ di 
dichiarare le 13 unite colonie, Stati liberi ed indipendenti, e 
solennemente ingaggiarono il loro onore e la loro parola a soste- 
nore tali misure con le lore sostanze e la loro vita. 

Il Nuovo Jersey, per.mezzo della convenzione provinciale, il21 
Giugno, elesse nuovi delegati, e dette loro instruzioni “ che se 
giudicassero necessario o utile al loro scopo, li autorizzavano ad 
unirsi agli altri per dichiarare le colonie unite libere dall’ In- 
ghilterra.” 

L’assemblea della Pensilvania, il 13 del mese di Giugno, adottb 
risoluzioni per i suoi delegati al Congresso, i quali erano stati 
eletti da un ; assemblea che poteva essere chiamata, non 


VADE MECUM. 


9 


autorizzata. Essi ricevettero il mandato, di concorrere cou gli 
altri delegati “ a formare tali patti fra le altre colouie, a 
conchiudere tali altri trattati fra i reami esteri e gli Stati. e ad 
adottare tali altre unsure, che potessero secondo le circostanze 
essere gindicate necessarie a promuovere la liberta, salvezza ed 
interesse dell ’America.” Molto differente fu il linguaggio 
della conferenza provinciale la quale si riuni in Filadelfia il 24 
di Giugno. Nella loro dichiarazione esse accusarono il re Gior¬ 
gio III. di aver violato i principii della constituzione inglese, e di 
varii altri torti e colpe contro il popolo di America, ingiuste ed 
arbitrarie nel loro carattere, nelle quali il Parlamento eziandio 
aveva preso parte, e questi delegati conchiusero, dicendo, noi 
“ facciamo, in silfatta pubblica maniera, pel bene nostro, e con 
l’approvazione, autoriti,, ed assentimento dei nostri mandatarii, 
dichiariamo unanimamente il nostro buon volere di concorrere 
in una votazione del Congresso destinata a dichiarare le colouie, 
Uniti Stati liberi ed indipendenti.” 

Delaware, nel giorno 14 di Giugno lo stesso giorno in cui 
Passemblea della Pensilvania debolmcnte ingiunse ai suoi de¬ 
legati di concorrere alia formazione di patti tra le colouie 
ed i Reami Esteri, parlb presso a poco nello stesso senso. 

In riguardo al consentire ad una dichiarazione d’ indipen- 
denza, sembra che al cominciare del mese di Luglio solo cinque 
Stati, cioe ; Nord Carolina, Virginia, Nuovo Hampshire, Nuovo 
Jersey, e Pensilvania, l’ultima per mezzo della sua conferenza 
parlando in opposizione alia sua assemblea, avevano acconsen- 
tito alle estreme misure. 11 28 di Giugno, il comitato di Jefferson 
riporto uno sbozzo della dichiarazione della Indipendenza. Questo 
fu letto e preso in considerazione. Il primo giorno del mese di 
Luglio fu posta all ’ordinedel giorno la risoluzione d’indipendenza 
proposta da Riccardo Enrico Lee, secondo ch’era stato anterior- 
mente fissato dallo stesso Congresso. La mozione nel comitato 
generale, di accedere alia risoluzione e presentarla al Congresso 
per finale approvazione fu accoltacol seguente scrutinio. Nuovo 
Hampshire, Nuovo Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, Massachusetts, 
Connecticut, Rhode Island, North Carolina e Georgia votarono 
in favore, Pensilvania e la Carolina del Sud votarono contro; 
Delaware non vote perclie i suoi due delegati presenti furono di 
opposto parere. New York non void dal perch6 il soggetto 
dell ’indipendenza non era compreso nel mandato affidato ai 
delegati. La risoluzione, approvata nel comitato generale, 
col voto di nove colonie, fu transferita al Congresso per finale 
approvazione. Al momento di passare ai voti nel Con¬ 
gresso, Rutledge delegato della Carolina Meridionale domandb, 
che venisse aggiornata. al giorno susseguente due del mese di 
Luglio, esprimendo la sua speranza che in questo frattempo i 
suoi colleghi della stessa colonia sarebbero pronti a votare in 
favore della risoluzione. Il voto fu dunque posposto. In questo 


10 


VADE MECUM. 


tempo trail voto del comitato generale, Luglio primo e la riusione 
del Congresso due Luglio, le circostanze le quali avevano impe- 
dita l’unanimita nel comitato sparirono interamente. 

Dei nove delegati nominati dalla provincia di Pensilvania, 
solo sette si trovarono presenti alia riunione del comitato 
generale il primo Luglio. Eduardo Biddle era malato, ed 
Andrea Allen si era riunito o era sul punto di riunirsi al partito 
Inglese. Gli altri delegati, Giovanni Dickinson, Roberto Mor¬ 
ris, Carlo Humphreys, e Tommaso Willing votarono contro la mo- 
zione della presain considerazione della pro posizione di Lee. Be¬ 
niamino Franklin, Giovanni Morton, e Giacomo Wilson votarono 
in favore. 11 voto della Pensilvania fu perduto colla maggiorita 
di un sol voto. La Carolina del Sud unanimamente voto contro. 
Delaware come gia dicemmo non voto, McKean essendo in favore 
della risoluzione, Read contro di essa, Rodney assente. Nel 
secondo giorno di Luglio vi fu un cambiamento. Rodney 
giunse dal Delaware e voto in favore, e questo Stato fu contato tra 
quelli in favore dell’Indipendenza. La Carolina del Sud cambib 
di opinione ed all’ unanimity passo in favore dell’ indipendenza. 
Pensilvania voto per 1’indipendenza non con la maggiorita dei 
suoi delegati, ma con la maggiorita delle persone, Giovanni Dick¬ 
inson e Roberto Morris non intervennero alia seduta del due 
Luglio. La rappresentanza fu ridotta a solo 5 membri. Tre 
di loro Franklin, Morton, e Wilson votarpno in favore; Hum¬ 
phreys e Willing contro, e cosi col terzo dei voti di tutti i dele¬ 
gati per la Pensilvania, il voto di questa Provincia venue contato 
in favore della risoluzione. 

Cosi, nel giorno secondo di Luglio, 1776, la risoluzione che 
dichiarava le Colonie Unite “ liberi ed indipendenti Stati,” fu 
adottata dal voto unanime di 12 colonie, New York rifiutandosi 
di votare. Quali sarebbero state le idee dei membri riguardo alia 
validity del voto se vi fosse stata una semplice maggiorita— 
diciamo sette Stati—non pub sapersi. Evidentemente essi 
contavano sul consentimento di tutti e tredici gli Stati; essi 
ebbero perb nove Stati nel comitato generale il primo giorno 
di Luglio, e undici chiari nel giorno due, e se si vuole dodici, 
compreso il dubbioso voto della Pensilvania. 

Dopo l’adozione della risoluzione di Lee, la forma della dichiara- 
zione venne discussa nel giorno 3 e 4 e dopo alcuni einendamenti, 
fu finalmente adottata 1’ultimo giorno. Il voto fu lo stesso del due, 
dodici colonie in favore, con l’astenzione di New York. Pensil¬ 
vania fu contata esattamente, come nel due di Luglio ; tre contro 
due, Morris, Dickinson, Biddle ed Allen assenti. Lo Stato di 
New York, il 9 Luglio al White Plains in convenzione, risolse 
che la risoluzione e la dichiarazione dell ’Indipendenza fosse ap- 
provata e che i suoi delegati al Congresso ricevessero i poteri 
di adottare e concertare tutte le misure necessarie. Fu questo il 
motivo per cui allorquando la dichiarazione fu primieramente 


VADE MECUM. 


11 


pubblicata nel “ Pacchetto di Dunlap,” il giorno 6 Luglio fu chia- 
mata “ una dichiarazione dei rappresentanti degli Stati Uniti d’A- 
merica riuniti in Congresso. Nel giorno diciannove di Luglio 
quattro giorni dopo che la risoluzione presa da New York, fu pre- 
sentata al congresso, fu risolto, che la dichiarazione passata il 
4 Luglio fosse stesa in pergamena col titolo di, “Unanime di¬ 
chiarazione dei tredici Stati Uniti di America,” e che la stessa, 
venisse sottoscritta da tutti i membri del Congresso. 

Per quasi cento anni un importante errore riguardo a questo 
documento fu sanziouato dalla maniera con la quale i giornali 
del Congresso erano stati stampati. Aitkins e Dunlap nell ’e- 
dizione dei giornali del Congresso stampata in 1778, nella 
minuta del’4 Luglio, dicono, “La dichiarazione essendo letta 
fu approvata come segue.” A questo tien dietro il testo della 
dichiarazione e le firme di 55 rappresentanti, venendo tralasciato 
il nome di Tommaso McKean di Delaware, che senza dubbio 
alcuno firmo, e che per consequenza formo la 56ma firma. Le 
firme a questa copia della dichiarazione, non furono, e non 
poterono essere le st^sse apposte nel due Luglio, 1776, se qualche 
dichiarazione fu sottoscritta in quel giorno, dappoiche 8 di 
queste erano di persone le quali a quell’ epoca non erano membri 
del Congresso. Si e la copia del 2 di Agosto e le firme attaccate 
ad eesa, prima o dopo il 4 Novembre, quella, che 6 pubblicata nel 
giornale di Dunlap quale quella munita delle firme degli originali 
sottoscrittori del 4 Luglio. Quest’ errore o interpolazione fu ca- 
gione di susseguente confusione su questo riguardo tra gli storici 
scrittori. Se come Jefferson dice, la dichiarazione fu sottoscritta 
da tutti i membri presenti il.4 Luglio, e cosa strana che i nomi non 
fossero pubblicati con la copia contemporanea del detto docu¬ 
mento. Nessun altro nome comparisce nelle copie officiali 
spedite dal Congresso, o pubblicate per suo ordine nei gioruali, 
tranne quello di Giovanni Hancock presidente, e Carlo Thomson, 
segretario. Crediamo qui interessante di dare pih 3otto l’analisi 
dei voti dei membri del Congresso sopra la risoluzione di Lee e 
la dichiarazione, accompagnandola con l’opiuione politica dei 
detti membri. 


Membri del Congresso, Luglio, 1776. 

New Hampshire, eletti il 29 Febbrajo, 1776. Guglielmo H. 
Whipple, Giovanni Langdon, Josia Bartlett. 

Massachussetts, 9 Febbrajo, 1776, Giovanni Hancock, Samuele 
Adams, Giovanni Adams, Roberto Treat Paine, Elbridge Gerry. 

Connecticut, 9 Gennajo, 1776, Ruggero Sherman, Oliviero 
Walcott, Samuele Huntingdon, Tito Hosmer, Guglielmo Wil¬ 
liams. 

New York, 11 Maggio, 1776, Filippo Livingston, Giacomo 
Duane, Giovanni Alsop, Guglielmo Floyd, Luigi Morris, Gio- 


12 


VADE MECUM. 


vanni Jay, Enrico Wisner, Filippo Schuyler,. Georgio Clinton, 
Francesco Lewis, Roberto R. Livingston, giovine. 

New Jersey, 28 Giugno, 1776, Riccardo Stockton, Abramo 
Clark, Giovanni Hart, Francesco Hopkinsou, Dottore Giovanni 
Witherspoon. 

Pensilvania, 3 Novembre, 1775, Giovanni Morton, Giovanni 
Dickinson, Roberto Morris, Beniamino Franklin, Carlo Hum¬ 
phreys, Eduardo Biddle, Tommaso Willing, Andrea Allen e Gia¬ 
como Wilson. 

Basse province del Delaware, 11 Maggio, 1775, Cesare Rod¬ 
ney, Tommaso McKean, e Giorgio Read. 

Maryland, 13 Settembre, 1775, Matteo Thilgman, Tommaso 
Johnson, giovine, Roberto Goldsborough, Guglielmo'Paca, Tom¬ 
maso Stone, e Giovanui Hall. 

Virginia, 13 Settembre, 1775, Riccardo Enrico Lee, Tommaso 
Jefferson, Beniamino Harrison, Tommaso Nelson, Giorgio 
Wythe, Francesco Lightfoot Lee, 23 Febbrajo, 1776, Carter 
Braxton. 

La Legislatura di Virginia aveva fatto una nuova elezione il 30 
Giugno, pero i certificati non f'urono presentati lino al 28 Agosto. 

Carolina del Nord, 11 Maggio, 1775, Guglielmo Hooper, Giu¬ 
seppe Ilewes; 13 Ottobre, Giovanui Penn. 

Carolina del Sud, 24 Aprile, 1776, Tommaso Lynch, Giovanni 
Rutledge, Eduardo Rutledge, Arturo Middleton, Tommaso Hey¬ 
ward, giovine, Tommaso Lynch, giovine. 

Giorgia, 20 Maggio, 1776, Lyman Hall, Button Gwinnett, 
Arcibaldo Bullock, Giovanni Houston, Giorgio Walton. 

Rhode Island, 14 Maggio, 1776, Stefano Hopkins, Guglielmo 
Ellerv. 

i/ 

Membri del Congresso, Luglio 4, 1776, i quali non sottoscris- 
sero ne firmarono la dichiarazione. 

New Hampshire, Giovanni Langdon. 

Connecticut, Tito Hosmer. 

New York, Giacomo Duane, John Alsop, Giovanni Jay, En¬ 
rico Wisner, Giorgio Clinton, Roberto R. Livingston, giovine, 
Filippo Schuyler. 

Pensilvania, Giovanni Dickinson, Carlo Humphreys, Eduardo 
Biddle, Tommaso Willing, Andrea Allen. 

Maryland, Matteo Tilghman, Tommaso Johnson, giovine, Ro¬ 
berto Goldsborough, Giovanni Hall. 

Carolina del Sud, Giovauni Rutledge, Tommaso Lynch, gio¬ 
vine. 

Alcuni fra questi ebbero dei motivi: Langdon di New Hamp¬ 
shire era stato nominato’agente del valore delle terre di questa 
colonia nel giorno 25 di Giugno, e probabilmente non era presen¬ 
te nel Congresso. Hosmer del Connecticut era un surrogante, e non 
aveva diritto di votare tutte le volte che il principale trovavasi 
presente. I delegati di New York, secondo il loro mandato non si 


VADE MECUM. 


13 


consideravano chiamati a votare; Biddle di Pensilvania era am- 
malato; Dickinson, Humphreys, e Willing erano opposti all ’in- 
dipendenza. Allen erasi spaventato al vedere il progresso dei 
fatti, era opposto all’ indipendeuza, ed in Decembre 1776. si pose 
sotto la protezione del geuerale Howe; Goldsborough e Hall, di 
Maryland erano Stati sostituiti il 18 Luglio e non ebbero op¬ 
portunity di firmare la dichiarazione il 2 di Agosto. Tilgkman e 
Johnson furono rieletti. Perclib non firmassero la dichiarazione, 
h cosa ignota. Tommaso Lynch, giovine, della Carolina del Sud 
era ammalato. Giovanni Rutledge, dello stesso Stato, era a casa 
quale membro della convenzione dello Stato per preparare utia 
constituzione per lo stesso. Arcibaldo Bullock di Giorgia fun- 
zionava da presidente di questa colonia, e non trovavasi in Fila- 
delfia. 

Membri del Congresso, i quali votarono contro la risoluzione 
e dichiarazione dell ’Indipendenza, e che dopo ne firmarono la di¬ 
chiarazione. 

Pensilvania, Roberto Morris. 

Basse province del Delaware, Georgio Read. 

Firmanti la dichiarazione, i quali non erano membri del Con¬ 
gresso allorch ’essa venue adottata. 

New Hampshire, Matteo Johnson, ammesso il 4 Novembre, 
1776. 

Pensilvania, Dottore Beniamino Rush, Col. Giorgio Taylor, 
ammessi il 20 Luglio, 1776. 

Maryland, Carlo Carroll di Carrollton. Samuele Chase, eletti 
il 18 Luglio, 1776. 

La dichiarazione dell’ Indipendenza fu sbozzata da Jefferson, 
ed esaminata e leggermente emendata da Franklin e Adams. 
Fu scritta da Jefferson nella prima camera del secondo piano 
della casa di Giacobbe Graff, all’ angolo occideutale della settiraa 
strada e della strada del Mercato, che ancora esiste. Jefferson 
alloggiava in quella casa. e nella stessa camera, secondo il 
suo dire in una lettera diretta al Dottore Giacomo Mease, fu 
scritta la dichiarazione dell’ Indipendenza. Il Congresso adotto 
la dichiarazione in una sessione segreta. Il 4 Luglio gia si 
sapeva che la risoluzione di Lee, la quale era il pih energico 
atto opposto alia Gran Brettagna, era stata adottata il 2. La 
dichiarazione fu solo un esposto delle ragioni per l’approvazione 
della risoluzione, una difesa dell’ atto gia eseguito. Non fuvvi 
dunque eccitamento di sorta, quando la dichiarazione fu adottata. 
In fatti; il carattere' della dichiarazione non fu conosciuto che 
solo due giorni dopo, quando fu pubblicata nel foglio di Dunlap. 
Il 5 Luglio il Congresso spedi lettere circolari a tutte le assem 
blee, convenzioni, e concili di salute dei varii Stati, domandando 
loro di pubblicare la dichiarazione d’lndipendeuza lo che 
generalmente venne eseguito. In Filadelfia la dichiarazione 
venne letta al popolo, il Lunedi 8 di Luglio, da Giovanni Nixon, 


14 


YADE MECUM. 


nella corte del palazzo governativo da un osservatorio ereito 
cola dalla Societa Filosofica Americana nell7G9, per osservare il 
passaggio di Venere. Nixon era un mernbro del consiglio di 
salute, e lesse la dichiarazione invece dello sceriffo della con tea, 
che fu pregato di compiere quest’atto. Nel dopo pranzo la di¬ 
chiarazione fu letta ai cinque battaglioni degli associatori nel 
commune. Lo scudo del re sopra la porta della sala della suprema 
corte nel palazzo governativo venne buttato gift da un comitato 
di associatori eletto per questo scopo. Nella sera venne bru- 
ciato in mezzo all’acclamazione di gioja di una folia di spetta- 
tori; fuochi di gioja furono accesi, campane furono suonate, e la 
piu ragguardevole di tutte le scampanate ch’erano intorno alia 
citta fu quello della campana della vecchia casa governaliva, 
ch’era stata fusa ‘24 anni priraa, portando sul suo fiance il 
profetico e rimarcabile motto, “Proclamo la liberty della terra 
a tutti gli abitanti.” 

Orediamo di fare cosa grata ai nostri lettori di qui pubblicare 
il sublime testo di questa dichiarazione, che non dovrebb’ essere 
mai dimenticato dagli amici della liberty. 

“Allorquando nel corso delle uinane vicissitudini, addiviene una 
necessity per una data nazione di sciogliere i legami che l’univano 
ad altra, e di prendere fra le potenze della terra il posto separato 
ed equale, al quale le leggi della natura e del Dio della natura 
l’ha chiamata, un decenle rispetto verso l’opinione intera del 
mondo esige, ch’essa nazione dichiari i motivi che la forzarono a 
siffatta separazione. 

Noi crediamo essere evidenti da per se stesse le verity se- 
guenti; che, ciob, tutti gli uomini sono creati equali, ch’essi 
sono dotati dal Creatore di alcuni diritti inalienabili, quali la 
vita, la liberty e la ricerca della prosperitd ; che per assicurare 
questi diritti, furono instituiti fra gli uomini governi, che rice- 
vevano i loro giusti poteri dal consentimento dei governati, e 
che tutte le volte che una forma di governo addiviene distruttrice 
di questi fini, e diritto del popolo di alterare o abolire detto 
governo, e di constituirne un nuovo, che abbia per fondamenta 
siffatti principii, e di organizzare i suoi poteri in quella 
maniera che a loro possa sembrare la pih probabile ad effettuire 
la loro salute e felicita. La prudenza, invero, ne consiglia. di 
non cambiare i governi stabiliti da lungo tempo per motivi futili 
e passaggeri, e d’accordo con la prudenza l’esperienza insegna, 
che l’umanitb 6 pifi disposta a sopportare, finche i mali sono 
sopportabili, che a farsi diritto, abolendo forme di governo alle-' 
quali da lungo tempo fu abituata. Quando pero, una lunga 
sequela di usurpazioni ed abusi, avente in mira invariabilmente 
lo stesso scopo, manifesta il desiderio di ridurre un popolo sotto 
un assoluto dispotismo ; allora 6 suo diritto, allora e suo dovere 
di abbattere tale governo, di provvedere nuove cauzioni per la 
loro futura sicurezza. Tale si fu la tollerante pazienza delle 


VADE MECUM. 


15 


colonic, e tale e oggi la necessity che le forza a cambiare la loro 
primitiva forma di governo. La storia del re attuale della Gran 
-Bretagna e una storia di ripetute ingiurie ed usurpazioni, tutte 
aventi, per oggetto diretto, lo stabilimento di una tirannia asso- 
luta su quest! stati. A prova di cib, ci sia permesso di esporre 
alia faccia del mondo sincem, fatti positivi. 

Questo re ha rifiutato il suo assenso a leggi le pill salutari e 
necessarie al pubblico ben essere. 

Egli ha inibito ai suoi governatori di emanare leggi di una 
importanza immediate e prernurosa, sospendendone le loro opera- 
zioni fino a che si fosse ottenuto il suo consentimento, e, dopo 
uverle cosi sospese, egli ha completamente negletto di occupar- 
sene. 

Egli ha ricusato di promulgare altre leggi per 1’utilita di 
grandi popolosi distretti, a meno che questi popoli si decidessero 
a rinnegare il diritto di essere rappresentati nella legislatura— 
diritto per loro preziosissimo, e solo formidabile e spaventevole 
per i tiranni. Egli ha espressamente ordinato le riunioni dei 
corpi legislativi in luoghi insoliti, incornmodi e distanti dal luogo 
ove si custodivano i pubblici archivii, e cib collo scopo di stan- 
carli e cosi sottoinetterli ai suoi desiderii. 

Egli ha disciolte varie volte le Camere Legislative, pel solo 
motivo di essersi con virile fermezza opposte aH’usurpazione dei 
diritti del popolo. 

Egli ha, dopo gli scioglimenti di tali camere rifiutato per lungo 
tempo di fame eleggere delie nuove per cui il potere legislativo 
non soggetto a distruzione h ritornato al popolo in generale; nel 
tempo stesso che lo stato e rimasto esposto ai pericoli dell’in- 
vasione estera e delle couvulsioni interne. 

Egli ha tentato d’impedire l’aumento della popolazione di questi 
stati, proibendo l’esecuzione delle leggi di naiuralizzazione dei 
forestieri, ricusando di promulgarne altre per incoraggiare 
rimmigrazione, ed aggravando le condizioni dell’appropriazione 
dei terreni. 

Egli ha impedito l’amministrazione della giustizia, ricusando 
il suo consenso a leggi destinate a stabilire i poteri giudiziarii. 
Ha nominato giudici ligii solo alia sua volonta nella maniera di 
esercitare la loro carica, e regolando a suo piacere l’ammontare 
del pagamento dei loro salarii. 

Egli ha creato un immenso numero di nuovi impieghi ed in- 
. viati qni ufliciali a bizeffe per opprimere il nostro popolo e 
Vlivorare le nostre sostanze. 

Egli ha raantenuto fra noi, in tempo di pace, armate permanenti, 
senza 1 ’approvazione delle nostre legislature. 

Egli ha tentato di rendere i militari indipendenti ed anche 
superiori alle civili autorita 

Egli d ’accordo con altri, ha cercato di assoggettarci ad una 
giurisdizione estranea alia nostra constituzione, sconosciuta dalle 


16 


VADE MECUM. 


nostre leggi; accordando il suo consenso ai loro atti di pretesa 
legislazione. 

Per avere acqtiartierate fra noi numerose squadre di truppe. 

Per averle protette. con una farsa di giudizio, dalla punizione 
meritata per omicidj di abitanti di detti stati. 

Per avere intercettato il nostro commercio con tntte le parti 
del mondo. 

Per averne imposte tasse senza il nostro consenso. 

Per averne in varii casi privati del benetizio di processo per 
mezzo di gin rati. 

Per averne trasportati al di la dell’ Oceano, per essere giudi- 
cati, su pretesi delitti. 

Per toglierci le nostre constituzioni, abolire le nostre pih im¬ 
portant! leggi, ed alterare fin dai fondamenti, le forme dei nostri 
governi. 

Per sospendere le nostre legislature, ed essersi dlcbiarato com- 
petente ed investito del potere di fare leggi per noi, in tutte e 
qualsiasi circostanze. 

Egli ha abdicato la sua autorita su noi, dichiarandoci non com- 
presi sotto la sua protezione, intimando la guerra contro di noi. 
Egli ha saccheggiato i nostri mari, distrutte le nostre coste, bru- 
ciate le nostre citta ed annientate le vite dei nostri cittadini. 

In questo stesso momento, egli b occupato a transportare 
numerose armate di stranieri mercenarii affine di compire il lavoro 
di morte, desolazione e tirannia, gi& comineiato con tali circo¬ 
stanze di crudeltd e perfidia da essere paragonate ai secoli pih 
barbari, e completamente indegni del sovrano di una nazione 
civilizzata. 

Egli ha obbligato i*nostri concittadini fatti prigionieri in alto 
mare, a portare le armi contro il loro paese nativo ponendoli 
nell ’alternativa di diventare gli esecutori e carnefici dei loro 
amici e fratelli, o di essere uccisi dalle sue mani. 

Egli ha suscitato civili rivolte fra noi, ed ha tentato di scaglia- 
re sulle nostre frontiere i selvaggl Indiani privi di pieta, dei 
quali il solo modo di fare la guerra e una continuata distru- 
zione indistinta d’individui di qualsiasi eta sesso e condizione. 

Ad ognuna di queste oppressions noi abbiamo nei termini pld 
umili supplicato per riparazione. Le nost re continue suppliche 
hanno ottenuto per risposta continue ingiurie. Un principe 
il di eui carattere b marcato da atti degni di un tiranno non e 
atto ad essere il governante di un popolo libero. 

Nb mancammo mai di attenzione verso i nostri fratelli inglesi.* 
Di tratto in tratto noi loro abbiamo additati i tentativi dei 
loro legislator! per stendere su noi una opj>ressiva giurisdizione. 
Noi abbiamo loro rammemorate le circonstanze della nostra 
emigrazione e del nostro stabilimento in questi luoghi. Noi 
abbiamo fatto appello alia loro giustizia e magnanimita, e li 
abbiamo scongiurati, in norne dei legami della comune affinity 


VADE MECUM. 


IT 


di rinnegare tale usurpazioni, le quali sarehbero senza dubbio 
alcuno cagioni d’inevitabile rottura. Essi pure si mostrarono 
sordi alle voci della giustizia e parentela. Noi siamo percib 
costretti ad accedere alia necessity che ei fa annunziare la nos¬ 
tra separazione ; e di considerarli quali consideriarao il resto del 
1’umanitA nemici in guerra, amici in pace. 

Per conseguenza, noi rappresentanti degli Stati Uniti di Ame¬ 
rica, riuniti in Congresso Generale, facendo appello al Supremo 
Giudice del mondo, della rettitudine delle nostre intenzioni, nel 
nome ed autorita del buon popolo di queste colonie, solenne- 
mente pubblichiamo e dichiariamo che queste Colonie Unite sono, 
e di diritto dovrebbero essere Stati liberi ed indipendenti ; 
ch’esse sono sciolte da qualunque ubbidienza al trono Inglese, e 
che qualsiasi legame politico tra esse e lo Stato della Gran 
Brettagna h, e dovrebbe essere interamente sciolto, e che, quali 
Stati Liberi ed Indipendenti, essi lninno pieno potere di fare la 
guerra, di conchiudere la pace, di contrattare alleanze, di stabi- 
lire commerciali relazioui, e di fare tutti gli altri atti che da Stati 
Liberi si fanno. E nel sostenere e far trionfare questa dichiara- 
zione fiduciosi nella protezione della Providenza Divina mu- 
tualmente ingaggiamo Tun verso gli altri il nostro sacrosanto 
onore. 

Come gia dicemmo la seguente dichiarazione, per ordine del 
Congresso fu firmata dai seguenti membri. 

GIOYANNI HANCOCK. 

New Hampshire. 

Giosia Bartlett, 

Guglielmo Whipple, 

Matteo Thompson. 

Baja di Massach assett. 

Samuele Adams. 

Giovanni Adams, 

Elb ridge Gerey. 

Rhode Island. 

Stefano Hopkins, 

Guglielmo Ellery. 

Connecticut. 

Ruggiero Sherman, 

Samuele Huntingdon, 

Guglielmo Williams, 

Oliverio Walcott. 


Naova York. 

Guglielmo Floyd, 
Filippo Livingston, 
Francesco Lewis, 

Luigi Morris. 

Naova Jersey. 

Riccardo Stockton, 
Giovanni Witherspoon, 
Francesco Hopkiuso'n, 
Giovanni Hart, 
Abramo Clark. 

Pensilvania. 

Roberto Morris, 
Beniamino Rush, 
Beniamino Franklin, 
Giovanni Morton, 
Giorgio Climer, 

2* 


18 


VADE MECXJM. 


Giacomo Smith, 

Giorgio Taylor, 

Giacomo Wilson. 

Giorgio Ross. 

Delaware . 

Cesare Rodney, 

Giorgio Read. 

Tommaso M’Kean, 

Maryland . 

Samnele Chase, 

Guglielmo Paca, 

Tommaso Stone, 

Carlo Carroll di Carrollton. 

Virginia . 

Giorgio Wythe, 

Riccardo Enrico Lee, 
Tommaso Jefferson, 


Beniamino Harrison, 
Tommaso Nelson, Giovine, 
Francesco Lightfoot Lee, 
Carter Braxton. 

Carolina del Nord. 

Guglielmo blooper, 

Giuseppe Hewes, 

Giovanni Penn. 

Carolina del Sud . 
Eduardo Rutledge. 

Giorgia. 

Button Gwinnett, 

Lyman Hal), 

Giorgio Walton. 

Tommaso Heyward, Giovine, 
Arturo Middleton, 


Constituzione deg*li Stati Uniti di America. 

Noi, popolo degli Stati Uniti alio scopo di vieppib stringere i 
legami di una perfetta unione, di stabilire dapertutto la giustizia, 
di provvedere alia combine difesa, di promuovere il generate ben 
essere e di assicurare tanto a noi che ai nostri posteri i benefizii 
della liberta, ordiniamo e decretiamo questa Constituzione per 
gli Stati Uniti di America. 

ARTICOLO I. 

SEZIONE 1. 

(1.) Tutti i poteri legislativi in questa concessi sono affidati 
ad un Congresso degli Stati Uniti. Qnesto Congresso sara for- 
mato da un Senato e da una Camera di Rappresentanti. 

sezione 2. 

(1.) La Camera dei Rappresentanti si comporra' di membri 
scelti alternativamente ogni due anni, dai popoli dei varii Stati; 
e gli elettori di cinscun Stato dovranno avere quelle qualifiche 
volute per gli elettori di tutti gli altri numerosi rami della legis- 
latura dello Stato, 

(2.) L’eti\ di venticinque anni e indispensabile per essere nomi- 
nato a rappresentante ; dippiv\ il candidato dovrit essere stato 


YADE MECUM. 


19 


gia da sette anni cittadino degli Stati Uniti, ed al momeuto dell’e- 
lezione dovra abitare lo Stato dal quale b scelto. 

(3.) I rappresentanti e le tasse dirette dovranno essere ripar- 
tite tra i differenti Stati, che col tempo potranno entrare a fare 
parte di quest’ uuione, secoudo il loro rispettivo numero di abi- 
tanti. Questo numero sara determinato coll ’aggiungere all’in- 
tero numero di persone libere compresi gli uomini in servizio 
temporario, ed esclusi gl ’Indiani non tassati, tre quinti della 
rimanente popolazione. L’attuale censo avra luogo nello spazio 
di tre anni a partire dalla prima riunione del Congresso degli 
Stati Uniti, e continuera a farsi successivamente ogni dieci anni 
in quella maniera cbe verra regolato da apposita legge. II nu¬ 
mero dei Rappresentanti sara di uno su di ogni 30,000 abitanti; 
pero ciascun Stato deve avere almeno un Rappresentante. Fino 
a die il sopradetto censo non venga esequito, lo Stato del Nuovo 
Hampshire avra diritto di eleggere tre rappresentanti, quello del 
Massachussett otto, quello di Rhode Island, e delle piantagioni 
di Provvidenza uno, quello del Connecticut cinque, quello di 
Nuova York sei, quello di Nuovo Jersey quattro, quello di Pen- 
silvania otto, quello di Delaware uno, quello di Maryland sei, 
quello di Virginia dieci, quello della Carolina del Nord sei, quello 
della Carolina del Sud cinque, e finalmente quello della Georgia 
tre. 

(4.) Tutte le volte che una o pifi vacanze aceadono nella rap- 
„j)resentanza di uno Stato, Pautoritit esecutiva dello stesso dovril 
emanare l’ordine per la convocazione delle elezioni necessarie a 
riempire le dette vacanze, 

(5.) La camera dei Rappresentanti eleggera il suo Presidente 
ed il resto degli ufficiali, e sola riterra il potere di accusa. 

SEZIONE 3. 

(1.) Il Senato degli Stati Uniti si comporra di due Senatori 
per ciascuu Stato. i quali verranno nominati dalla legislatura 
dello stesso Stato, per il corso di sei anni, ogni Senatore avra un 

voto. 

(2.) Subito dopo che il Senato sar^ riunito dopo la prima 
elezione, i Senatori verranno divisi in tre classi per quanto b pos- 
sibile equali in numero. 11 mandato dei Senatori della prima 
categoria spirerti al secondo anno, quello dei Senatori della se- 
conda al quarto anno e quello dei Senatori della terza al sesto 
anno, cosi che ogni due anni ne venga eletto un terzo; e se, sia 
per dimissione o per alcun altro motivo avvengano delle vacanze 
durante il recesso della Legislatura di qualche Stato, Pesecutivo 
dello stesso potrit temporariamente rimpiazzarlo fino alia pros- 
sima riunione della Legislatura la quale allora provvederit al 
definitivo rimpiazzo di dette vacanze. 

(3.) Nessuno potra essere Senatore, se non abbia l’eta di trenta 


20 


9 


VADE MECUM. 


anni, se non sia cittadino degli Stati Uniti gid da nove anni, e se 
al raomento dell’ elezione non risieda nello stato dal quale e 
scelto. 

(4.) II Vice-Presidente degli Stati Uniti di diritto 6 il Presi- 
dente del Senato, perd non avrd voto, tranne la circostanza in 
cui i voti si trovassero egualmente divisi. 

(5.) II Senato eleggerd il rimanente dei suoi ufficiali ed anche 
un Presidente pro tempore ; il quale rimpiazzera il Yice-Presi- 
dente nella sua assenza o nel-caso che fosse chiamato ad eserci- 
tare le funzioni di Presidente degli Stati Uniti. 

(6.) Al Senato solamente b riservato il potere di giudicare 
ogni accusa. Nel riunirsi per tale oggetto i senatori saranno 
sottoposti ad un giuramento. Nel caso in cui il Presidente 
degli Stati Uniti venisse sottoposto a giudizio, il Senato verrd 
preseduto dal primo giudice e per essere dichiarato colpevole 
dovra avere contro di lui due terzi delle persone presenti. 

(7.) Nel caso d’impedimento la condanna non potrd sorpassare 
la semplice rimozione dal grado, e la dichiarazione d’inattitu- 
dine ad oecupare sotto gli Stati Uniti qualsiasi altro impiego di 
onore, fiducia e profitto ; nullameuo le persone colpevoli saranuo 
soggette ad atto d’accusa di giudizio e condanna in rapporto delle 
leggi in vigore. 

sezione 4. 

(1.) Il tempo, luogo e maniera di eleggere i Senatori e Rap- — 
presentanti sard prescritto in ciascuno stato dalla propria 
Legislatura; perd il Corigresso a suo beneplacito, con apposita 
legge, pud alterare tali regole o fame delle nuove, tranne circa 
il luogo della scelta dei Senatori. 

(2.) Il Congresso dovra riunirsi almeno una volta all ’anno 
e tale riunione avrd luogo il primo Lunedi di .Pecembre, a meno 
che con una nuova legge non venga decretato un giorno diverso. 

SEZIONE 5. 

(1.) Ciascuna Camera sard giudice delle elezioni, rapporti e 
qualifiche dei suoi inembri ed una maggioritd di essi constituird 
un quorum, autorizzato a transigere gli affari, un numero minore 
potrd transportare la seduta da un giorno all ’altro e potrd forzare 
la presenza alle sedute degli altri membri in quella maniera e 
con quei mezzi die ciascuna Camera giudichera opportuno di 
adottare. 

(2.) CiascunaTUamera determinerd la minuta dell ’ordine del 
giorno, punird i suoi membri per disordinata condotta e con due 
terzi dei voti potrd scacciare un membro. 

(3.) Ciascuna Camera conserverd un giornale dei suoi lavori, 
e di tanto in tanto lo pubblicherd, tranne quanto potrd essere 
giudicato degno di segreto, ed i si e no, che i membri di ambedue 


+ 


YADE MECUM. 


21 


le cam ere pron uozieranno su tutte le questioni, dietro espresso 
desiderio di an quinto dei membri presenti potra essere trascritto 
nel detto giornale. 

(4.) Ness ana Camera durante la sessione del Congresso, point 
senza il consenso dell ’altra sospendere le sue sedute per piu di 
tre giorni consecutivi, ne radunarsi in luogo diverse da quello in 
cni le due Camere ordinariamente si riuniscono. 

SEZIONE 6. 

(1.) I Senatori e Rappresentanti riceveranno un coinpenso per 
i loro servizii. Siffatto compenso sard stabilito con apposita 
legge e sard pagato dal Tesoro degli Stati Uniti. Nel tempo della 
sessione delle loro respettive camere i Senatori e Rappresentanti 
avranno il privilegio di non potere essere arrestati tranne i casi 
di tradimento, fellonia, disturbo della pubblica pace; e tanto nel 
recarsi al Congresso, quanto nel ritornarne non potranno in nes- 
sun altro luogo essere chiamati a dar conto di quanto essi avranno 
detto o discusso in una delle Camere. 

(2). Nessun Senatore o Rappresentante, nel corso del tempo 
pel quale fu eletto potra essere nominato a qualche civile impie- 
go dipendente dall \autorita degli Stati Uniti, il quale sia stato 
novellamente creato, o del quale la paga sia stata aumentata 
durante Pepoca del suo mandato, e nessuna persona la quale 
occupa un’ufficio‘dipendente dagli Stati Uniti potra essere raem- 
bro di una delle due camere durante il tempo clPei rimane nel 
detto impiego. 

SEZIONE 7. 

(1.) Ogni progetto di legge per accrescere Pentrata pubblica 
dovni venire proposto dalla Camera dei Rappresentanti, ma il 
Senato pure proporrd emendamenti e concorrerd con essi come in 
tutti gli altri progetti. 

(2.) Ogni progetto approvato dalla Camera dei Rappresen¬ 
tanti, o dal Senato dovra prima di essere considerato come 
legge essere presentato al Presidente degli Stati Uniti. Se 
egli Papprova, lo firmerd, se non l’approva, vi aggiungerd le 
sue objezioni e lo ritornerd a quella Camera nella quale fu 
proposto. Questa registrera le dette objezioni nel suo gior¬ 
nale, passerd quindi ad una nuova presa in considerazione. Se 
dopo questa nuova discussione, due terzi della camera saranno 
d’accordo di approvare il progetto, questo unitamente alle obje¬ 
zioni sard spedito alPaltra camera, dalla quale egualmente verrd 
discusso, e se approvato da due terzi di essa allora diventerd legge 
in vigore. In tutti i casi di tal sorta, il voto delle due Camere 
dovra essere fatto per appello nominale, ed i nomi dei membri 
che votano in favore o contro dovranno essere registrati nel ri- 
spettivo giornale delle due Camere. Se qualche progetto di 


VADE MECUM. 


* 


22 


legge uon verrA ritornato dal Presidente nei corso di dieci giorni 
(esclusa la Doraenica) dal giorno che gli fu presentato, esso sara 
considerato legge, come se fosse state firmato, a meno che la sua 
restituzione non fosse state prevenuta dall’aggiornarsi del Con- 
gresso nel qual caso, esso non sara tenuto quale legge in vigore. 

(3.) Ogni ordine, risoluzione o voto pel quale sia necessario 
il concorso del Senato e della Camera dei Rappresenlanti (toltone 
il caso di aggiornamento) dovra essere preseutato al Presidente 
degli Stati Uniti; e pri-ma che lo stesso abbia effetto. dovra 
essere approvato da lui, o essendo disapprovato, dovra venire 
approvato dai due terzi del Senato e della Camera dei Rappre- 
sentanti, secondo le regole e l’uso prescritto nel caso. 

sezione 8. 

Il Congresso avril il potere— 

(1.) Di ordinare e percepire tasse, diritti, imposte e balzelli, di 
pagare i debiti e di provvedere alia difesa comune ed al generale 
ben essere degli Stati Uniti; pero tutti i diritti. imposte e balzelii 
dovranno essere uniformi per tutti gli Stati Uniti. 

(2.) Di torre ad imprestito danari sul credito degli Stati 
Uniti. 

(3.) Di regolare trattati commerciali con le differenti Nazioni 
Estere, con i diversi Stati e con le tribu Indiane. 

(4.) Di stabilire un metodo uniforme di naturalizzazione, e 
leggi suile bancarotte del pari uniformi per tutti gli Stati Uniti. 

(5.) Di coniare moueta regolando non solo la valuta di essa, 
ma ancora quella della moneta estera, e fissandone il peso e la 
mis ura. 

(6.) Di provvedere al castigo dei falsificatori degli effetti pub- 
blici e della moneta corrente degli Stati Uniti. 

(7.) Di stabilire ufficii e strade postali. 

(8.) Di promuovere il progresso della scienza e delle arti col- 
1’assicurare per un limitato spazio di tempo, agli autori ed in- 
ventori 1 ’esclusivo diritto delle loro scoperte e dei loro scritti. 

(9.) Di stabilire tribunali inferiori alia Corte Suprema. 

(10.) Di definire quali siano atti di pirateria commessi in alto 
mare e di fissarne il castigo, come pure i delitti contro le leggi 
delle nazioni. 

(11.) Di dichiarare la guerra, di aecordare lettere di marca e 
rappresaglia e fissare le regole circa le prese su terra e per 
mare. 

(12.) Di recrutare e pagare annate; pero nessun ’appropria- 
zione di questa specie potrfi estendersi ad un tempo maggiore 
di due anni. 

(13.) Di provvedere e mantenere una flotta. 

(14.) Di stabilire regole per il governo e la disciplina delle 
forze terrestri e navali. 


VADE MECUM. 


23 


(15.) Di provvedere alia chiamata sotto le armi della milizia 
tntte le volte che sia necessario per fare ubbidire le leggi del 
rUnione, per sopprimere le rivolte e respingere le invasioni. 

(16.) Di provvedere all ’organizzazione, arraamento e dis- 
ciplina della milizia ; e di fare si che una parte di essa possa 
essere adoperata nel servizio degli Stati Uniti. riservundo rispet- 
tivamente a ciascun stato la nomina degli nfficiali e la liberty 
d’instruire la milizia a seconda perb delle regole disciplinari ordi¬ 
nate dal Congresso. 

(17.) Di esercitare esclusiva legislazione in qualnnque siasi 
caso sopra tale distretto (che non dovra passare la superficie 
di 10 miglia quadrate) che possa, per cessione di uno stato 
particolare ed accettazione del Congressso divenire la sede del 
governo degli Stati Uniti; e di esercitare una simile autorit;!, 
eziandio, su tutti quei luoghi ovuuque possano trovarsi situati, 
comprati col consentimento della legislatura dello stato e desti- 
nati all ’erezione di fortezze, magazzini, arsenali, bacini ed altri 
utili fabbricati. 

(18.) Di promulgare tutte quelle leggi che potranno essere 
giudicate necessarie ed atte ad esercitare gli anzidetti poteri e 
gli altri accordati da questa Constituzione al Governo degli 
Stati Uniti ed a qualunque dipartimento ed uffiziale dello stesso. 

sezione 9. 

(1.) Qualunque immigrazione o importazione di persone 
giudicata conveniente da ciascuno degli Stati esistenti non 
potr& essere proibita dal Congresso prima dell ’anno 1808 ; perb 
su tale importazione potra essere imposta un diritto o tassa, la 
quale non potrd sorpassare la somma di dieci dollari per testa. 

(2.) 11 privilegio dell’ habeas corpus non dovrb essere sospeso, 
a meno che ribellione, invasione, o pubblica sicurezza non ren- 
dano tale misura necessaria. 

(3.) Non potra essere fatta alcana querela di fellonia, legge 
ex post facto. 

(4.) Qualunque testatico o altra diretta tassa sara applicata 
in proporzione al censo o numerazione della popolazioue che 
dovra essere fatta, siccome gia fu detto. 

(5.) Gli articoli esportati da qualunque siasi Stato saranno 
esenti da qualunque tassa o diritto. Nessuna speciale legge 
commerciale o di dogana sara promulgata in favore dei porti di 
uno Stato sopra quelli di un altro, ne i bastimenti diretti da uno 
Stato ad un altro saranno obbligati a pagare diritti di entrata o 
permesso di partenza. 

(6.) Nessun denaro potrb essere estratto dal tesoro senza una 
regolare legge, ed un reso cont.o esatto delle entrate e spese dei 
l’erario sara reso pubblico di tratto in tratto. 

(7.) Gli Stati Uniti non accorderanno alcun titolo di uobiltb, 


24 


VADE MECUM. 


ed b vietato a qualunque persona esercitante un impiego di fidu- 
cia o profitto di accettare, senza il permesso del Congresso, 
regali, ricompense, impieghi o titoli di qualunque specie da qual- 
siasi re, principe o Stato Estero. 

SEZIONE 10. 

(1.) Nessun Stato potrit entrare in trattati, alleanze o confede- 
razione, nb accordare lettere di marca o rappresaglia, nb coniare 
moneta, nb emettere lettere di credito, n& usare quale moneta 
corrente per pagare i debit! altra cosa che l’oro e l’argento, nb 
passare alcuna querela o legge ex post facto, ovvero legge atta a 
nuocere le obbligazioni dei contratti, n6 accordare titoli di 
nobilta. i 

(2.) Nessuno Stato senza il consentimento del Congresso, potr4 
emettere im'poste o diritti sull’importazione ed esportazione, ad 
eccezione di quelli che possono essere necessarii per eseguire le 
leggi d’inspezioni. Il netto prodotto di tutte le imposte o diritti 
esatti da qualunque Stato sull’importazfonc ed esportazione, sar& 
esclusivamente versato nel Tesoro degli Stati Uniti. Tutte le 
leggi di questa specie emanate dai differenti Stati dovranno essere 
sottoposte al controllo e revisione del Congresso. Nessuno 
Stato senza il consenso del Congresso potrit ordinare diritti di 
tonnellaggio, ne mantenere truppe, o bastimenti da guerra in tem¬ 
po di pace, ne entrare in patti o accordi con altri Stati, o con 
potenze estere, ne intraprendere guerra a meno che non si trovi 
tale in imminente pericolo da non ammettere alcun indugio. 

ARTICOLO II. 

SEZIONE 1. 

(1.) 11 potere esecutivo rimane investito in un Presidente degli 
Stati Uniti d’America. Egli riterra il suo posto pel corso di 
quattro anni ed unitamente al Yice-Presidente, scelto per lo 
stesso spazio di tempo, verrd eletto come segue. 

(2.) Ogni Stato deleghera, in quella qualunque mnniera che la 
sua legislatura ordinera, un numero di elettori equale al numero 
riunito dei Senatori e Rappresentanti ai quali esso avra diritto nel 
Congresso. Nessun Senatore, o Rappresentante, o impiegato 
di fiducia e profitto negli Stati Uniti potra essere scelto per dele- 
gato elettore. 

(3.) Gli elettori si riuniranno nel rispettivo Stato, e voteranno 
per squittinio per due persone delle quali una almeno non de- 
ve essere abitante dello stesso Stato. Questi faranno una lista di 
tutti i candidati pei quali fu votato e dei numeri dei voti ricevuti 
da ognuno, e dopo averla tutti firmata e certificata la trasmet- 
teranno sigillata alia sede del governo degli Stati Uniti, diretta 
al Presidente del Senato. Il Presidente del Senato in presenza 


VADE MECUM. 


25 


di questo e della Camera dei Rappresentanti aprird tutti i cer- 
tificati, e quindi i voti saranno contati. Quella persona la quale 
riunird un pid. gran numero di voti sara il Presidente, purch6 
questo numero sia una maggioritd dei numero totale degli elettori 
delegati. Se pih persone avranno ottenuto questa maggioritd 
ed avranno ottenuto un numero equate di voti, allora la Camera 
dei Rappresentanti, sceglierdimmediatamente per squittinio uno . 
di questi per Presidente; e se nessuno otterrd la voluta maggio¬ 
ritd, allora fra le 5 persone che nel’le liste avranno ottenuto 
maggior numero di voti, la stessa Camera nello stesso 'modo 
eleggerd il Presidente. Nello scegliere il Presidente,i voti saran¬ 
no presi in ragione degli Stati, ogni rappresentanza di Stato 
avendo un voto, un quorum per tale scopo consistent di un 
membro o membri di due terzi degli Stati, ed una maggioritd di 
tutti gli Stati, sara neeessaria per la nomina. In ogni caso 
una volta scelto il Presidente, la per.sona che avrd raccolto il 
maggiore numero di voti sara il Vice-Presidente ; e se due o pin 
avessero equali i voti, il'Senato, fra questi, per votazione secreta 
eleggerd il Vice-Presidente. 

(4.) Il Congresso potrd determinare l’epoca nella quale dovrd 
procedersi alia scelta degli elettori e stabilira il giorno della 
votazione, il qual giorno dovrd essere lo stesso in tutti gli Stati 
Uniti. 

(5.) Nessuno sard eligibile pel posto di Presidente, se non 
b nato cittadino, ovvero ricevuto cittadino degli Stati Uniti al 
tempo dell’adozione di questa constituzione. Egli dovni avere 
raggiunta l’etd di trentacinque anni e per quattordici anni dovrd 
essere stato residente negli Stati Uniti. 

(6.) Tutte le volte che il Presidente per rimozione dall’ufficio, 
per morte, dimissione sara inabile a disimpegnare i suoi obblighi 
ed i suoi poteri, il Vice-Presidente di diritto lo surroghera, ed il 
Congresso con apposita legge provvederd dichiarando quale 
ufficiale debba esercitare le dette funzioni di Presidente, quante 
volte per rimozione, morte, ed inabilitd di ambedue Presidente e 
Vice-Presidente, la carica si trovasse mancante. Quest’ufficiale 
cosi nominato dal Congresso agira come tale, finche la loro ina¬ 
bilitd venga rimossa, ovvero un nuovo Presidente regolarmente 
eletto. ♦ 

(7.) Il Presidente a date epoche dovrd ricevere un compenso 
pei suoi servigii e tale compenso non potrd essere aumentato, ne 
diminuito durante il periodo pel quale venne eletto, ed in questo 
stesso periodo non dovrd ricevere dagli Stati Uniti o da qualcuno 
degli Stati nessun altro emolumento. 

(8.) Il Presidente prima di entrare nel disimpegno delle sue 
funzioni dovrd prestare il sotto detto giuramento o affermazione. 

“ lo solennemente giuro ( o dichiaro ) che eseguiro fedel- 
mente l’ufficio di Presidente degli Stati Uniti, e per quanto mi 
3 • 


26 


VADE MECUM. 


sard dato proteggerb e difendero la Conslituzione degli Stati 
Uniti.” 


SEZIONE 2. 

(I.) II President? sard comandante in capo dell’armata e flotta 
degli Stati Uniti, nonche della milizia dei vari Stati, allorquando 
^essa 6 chiainata dagli Stati Uniti a prestare regolare servizio. 
Egli potrd domandare ai diversi principali ufficiali di ciascun 
compartimento la-loro opinion? in scritto, ed avrd pure la f'acoltd 
di accfordare grazie e perdono delle pene per ofFese contro gli 
Stati Uniti, eccetto nel caso d’impedimento. 

(2.) II Senato purche vi concorrino due terzi dei Senatori 
presenti accorderd al Presidente il potere di fare trattati, e 
dietro l’avviso e col consiglio del Senato nominera e delegherd 
ambasciatori, altri pubblici ministri e consoli, giudici della 
Corte Suprema e qualunque altro ufficiale degli Stati Uniti, dei 
quali gl’impieghi tiittavia non sono stabiliti, e che verrauno sta- 
biliti da apposite leggi; ed il Congresso avrd la prerogativa con 
legge ad hoc di confidare la nomina degl’impieghi inferiori, sia al 
solo Presidente, sia alle Corti di Giustizia, sia ai capi dei diparti- 
menti. 

(3.) Il Presidente avrd il potere di riempire'le vacanze che 
potrebbero accadere nel corso del recesso del Senato accordando 
commissioni le quali spireranno alia fine della ventura sessione 
dello stesso. 


SEZIONE 3. 

(1.) Il Presidente di tratto in tratto dard al Congresso infor- 
mazioni sullo Stato dell’Unione, e raccomanderd alia loro eon- 
siderazione quelle misure ch’egli giudicherd opportune e necessa- 
rie; in occasioui straordinarie, egli riunira le due Camere, o una 
di esse, e nel caso ch’esse si trovassero in disaccordo in riguardo 
al tempo deH’aggiornamento, egli leaggiornera dimoto proprio a 
quell’ epoca che gli sembrera pih opportuna; ei ricevera gli amba¬ 
sciatori e gli altri pubblici ministri, procurerd che le leggi sieno 
fedelmente messe in pratica, e dard i competenti brevetti a tutti 
gli ufficiali degli Stati Uniti. 

sp^zione 4. 

(1.) Il Presidente, Vice-Presidente e tutti gli uffiziali degli 
Stati Uniti saranno rimossi dai loro impieghi nel caso d’impedi¬ 
mento, a causa o dopo essere stati convinti di tradimento, corru- 
zione, malversazione ed altri gravi delitti. 


VADE MECUM. 


27 


ARTICOLO III. 

SEZIONE I. 

(1.) II potere giudiziario degli Stati Uniti sard investito in un 
Tribunale Supremo, ed in quel numero di tribunali inferiori che 
di tempo in tempo saranno creati e stabiliti dal Oongresso. 1 
giudici tanto del Tribunale Supremo che dei tribunali inferiori nel 
tempo che disimpegneranno tali funzioni dovranno dare esempio 
di buona condotta, e ad epoche stabilite riceveranno pei loro 
servigii una ricompensa la quale non potrd essere diminuita 
durante la durata del loro impiego. 

SEZIONE 2. 

(1.) II potere giudiziario si estenderd a tutti i casi di giustizia 
e leggi, i quali potranno sorgere sotto questa Constituzione, le 
leggi degli Stati Uniti ed i trattati fatti sotto la loro autoritd; i casi, 
che hanno rapporto agli ambasciatori, pubblici ministri econsoli; 
tutti i casi di ammiragliato e giurisdizione marittima, le contro- 
versie fra uno o pih Stati, fra uno Stato ed i cittadini di un’altro 
Stato, fra cittadini di differenti Stati, fra i cittadini dello stesso 
Stato reclamando terre per concessioni ricevute da differenti 
Stati, fra uno Stato ed i cittadini di esso contro Stati esteri, od i 
cittadini e sudditi di^Stati Esteri. 

(2.) Tutti i casi concernenti ambasciatori, altri pubblici mini¬ 
stri e consoli, e quei nei quali uno Stato sia una delle parti litiganti 
saranno di giurisdizione origiuale della Corte Suprema. Nel 
rimanente degli altri casi di sopra menzionati la Corte Suprema 
riterrd la giurisdizione di appello sia in riguardo al fatto o alia 
legge con quelle regole ed eccezioni che dal Congresso potessero 
essere emanate. 

(3.) 11 processo di tutti i delitti, tranne quello d’impedimento, 
saranno giudicati da un giurl, e tali processi avranno luogo nello 
Stato ove il detto delitto sard stato commesso, e se il delitto fu 
commesso all’ estero fuori della giurisdizione di uno Stato qua- 
lunque, allora il processo avrd luogo cold, dove il Congresso 
decreterd con apposita legge. 

SEZIONE 3. 

• 

(1.) Il tradimento contro gli Stati Uniti consisterd solo nel 
fare la guerra agli stessi, o nell’aderire ai loro nemici dando loro 
protezione ed ajuto. Nessu-no potrd essere dichiarato colpevole, 
nd reo di tradimento senza la testimonianza di due persone pre- 
senti all’atto, oppure, dietro propria confessione del delitto. 

(2.) Il Congresso avrd la prerogativa di stabilire la punizione 
pel tradimento; nessuna convinzione di tradimento produrrd per- 


28 


VADE MECUM. 


dita dei diritti, e corruzione nel sangue, tranne nel corso della 

vita della persona convinta. 

% 

ARTICOLO IY. 

SEZIONE I. 

(1.) Ogni Stato presterdpiena fiducia ed accorderd pieno credito 
a tutti gli atti pubblici, registri, arcbivii e procedure giudiziarie 
degli altri Stati, ed il Congresso con leggi generali prescriverd 
la maniera colla quale debba essere provata l’autenticitd di tali 
atti, archivii e procedure, e gli effetti dalle stesse prodotti. 

«• 

SEZIONE 2. 

(1.) I cittadini di ciascun Stato avranno diritto a tutti i privi¬ 
leg'd e le iinmunitd di cittadini degli Stati Uniti. 

(2.) Qualunque persona accusata in un Stato di tradimento, 
fellonia, o qualsivogliasi altro delitto cbe si sottragga alia giu- 
stizia rifugiandosi in un’altro Stato, sulla domanda dell’ autoritd 
esecutiva dello Stato da cui e fuggito sard consegnato e reinte¬ 
grate nello Stato dal quale dev’essere giudicato. 

(3.) Ogni persona soggetta a servizio o lavoro in un dato Stato 
a seconda delle leggi dello stesso, la quale fugga in un’altro Stato, 
non potrd in conseguenza di qualcbe legge di quest’ultimo Stato, 
essere dispensato dal servizio o lavoro, ma*"dietro reclamo della 
parte alia quale tale servizio o lavoro b dovuto, sard consegnato 
alia medesima. 


SEZIONE 3. 

(1.) Nuovi Stati dal Congresso potranno essere ammessi in 
quest’Unione, ma nessun nuovo Stato potrd formarsi o stabilirsi 
entro la giurisdizione di qualsiasi altro Stato, nb due o pib. Stati 
potranno riunirsi in un solo, senza il consenso non solamente della 
legislature degli Stati interessati in tale unione, ma eziandio di 
quello del Congresso. 

(2.) Il Congresso avrd il potere di disporre e stabilire qualun¬ 
que legge utile in riguardo al territorio od altre proprietd appar- 
tenenti agli Stati Uniti, ed in questa Constituzione non sard 
decretata legge alcuna che possa ledere i reclami degli Stati Uniti, 
o di qualunque altro Stato. 


SEZIONE 4. 

(1.) Gli Stati Uniti garantiranno a ciascuno Stato di questa 
Unione la forma di Governo Repubblicano, e saranno nell’ ob- 


YADE MECUM. 


29 


bligo di proteggere ognuno di essi da invasione estera, ed anche 
contro disordini e violenze domestiche diet.ro domanda della legi- 
slatura, o del potere esecutivo, se la legislatera non possa essere 

riunita. 


ARTICOLO V. 

(1.) II Congresso, allorquando dalle due Camere sard giudicato 
necessario, proporra emendamentia questa Constituzione, e sulla 
domanda delle legislature di due terzi dei varii Stati, riunird una 
convenzione per proporre emendamenti, i quali in amendue i casi 
saranno validi per tutti gli effetti e le intenzioni, formeranuo 
parte integrante di questa Constituzione, allorquando saranno 
stati ratificati dalle legislature dei tre quarti dei differenti Stati, 
o dai tre quarti della convenzione, secondo che 1’ uno o 1’ altro 
modo di ratifica sia stato proposto dal Congresso; alia condizione 
che alcuno emendamento possa essere proposto prima dell’ anno 
1808 in contradizione con la prima e quarta clausa della nona 
sezionc del primo articolo; e che nessuno Stato con nuovi emen¬ 
damenti senza il suo consenso venga privato del suo eguale su(- 
fragio nel Senato. 


ARTICOLO YI. 

(1.) Tutte le obbligazioni ed i debiti contratti prima del- 
l’adozione di questa Constituzione saranno validi contro gli Stati 
Uniti tanto sotto questa Constituzione che sotto la confedera- 
zione. 

(2.) Questa Constituzione e le leggi degli Stati Uniti che ver- 
ranno fatte in c.onseguenza di essa, tutti i trattati gid fatti o da 
farsi sotto l’autoritd degli Stati Uniti, saranno la legge supreftia 
della nazione, ed i giudici di ciascuno Stato dovranno conformar- 
visi non dovendosi tenere in conto alcuno quanto possa esservi 
di contrario nelle leggi e constituzioni degli altri differenti Stati. 

(3.) I Senatori e Rappresentanti gid menzionati, i membri delle 
differente Legislature degli Stati, tutti gli ufficiali esecutivi giu- 
diziarii tanto degli Stati Uniti che dei differenti Stati, saranno 
obbligati con giuramento o dichiarazione di difendere questa 
Constituzione; perd per ottenere qualche impiego di fiducia pub- 
blica sotto gli Stati Uniti non sard richiesta alcuna professione 
di fede religiosa. 


3* 


30 


YADE MECUM. 


ARTICOLO VII. 

(1.) La ratifica delle convenzioni dei nove Stati sard sufficiente 
alia messa in vigore di questa Constituzione fra gli Stati i quali 
l’avranno cost ratificata: 

GIORGIO WASHINGTON. 
Presidente e^dermtato della Virginia. 


Nuovo Hampshire. 
Giovanni Langdon, 

Niccola Gilman. 

Baja di Massachusset. 
Nataniel Gorman, 

Rufo King. 

Connecticut. 

Guglielmo Samuele Johnson, 
Ruggiero Sherman. 

Nuova York. 
Alessandro Hamilton. 

Nuovo Jersey. 

Guglielmo Livingston, 

Davide Bready, 

Guglielmo Patterson, 

Gionata Dayton. 

, Pensilvania. 

Beniamino Franklin, 
Tommaso Mifflin, 

Robert Morris, 

Giorgio Clymer, 

Tommaso Fizsimons, 

Jared Ingersoll, 

Giacomo Wilson, 

Governeur Morris. 


Delaware. 

Giorgio Read, 

Gwinning Bedford, giovine, 
Giovanni Dickinson, 
Riccardo Bassett, 

Giacobbe Broom. 

Maryland. 

Giacomo McHenry, 

Daniele of St. Th. Jenifer, 
Daniele Carroll. 

Virginia. 

Giovanni Blair, 

Giacomo Madison, 

Carolina del Nord. 
Guglielmo Blount, 

Riccardo Dobbs Spaight 
Ugo Williamson. 

Carolina del Sud. 
Giovanni Butledge, 

Carlo Colesworth Pinkney, 
Carlo Pinkney, 

Pierie Butler. 

Georgia. 
Guglielmo Few, 

Abramo Baldwin. 

Guglielmo Jackson, Segret. 


YADE MECUM. 


31 


Emendamenti alia Costituzione. 

ARTICOLO I. 

II Oongresso non emanerd legge alcuna sullo stabilimento d’una 
religione, nb proibird il libero esercizio di essa o restringerd la 
libertd della parola, o della stampa, o il diritto del popolo di riu- 
nirsi pacificamente e di dirigere petizioni al governo per ripara- 
zione d’ingiustizie. 

ARTICOLO II. 

Una ben regolata milizia essendo necessaria alia sicurezza di 
uno Stato libero, il diritto del popolo di portare e conservare 
armi non dovrd essere ristretto in alcuna maniera. 

ARTICOLO III. 

In tempo di pace nessun soldato sard acquartierato nelle case 
particolari seilza il consenso del padrone, ed in tempo di guerra 
tale modo di acquartierarsi sard regolato con apposita legge. 

ARTICOLO IY. 

Non verrd mai violato il sacrosanto diritto che il popolo ha di 
essere sicuro della propria persona, casa, carte ed effetti da ingiu- 
ste perquisizioni, e nessun mandato d’arresto o perquisizione sard 
emanato senza un probabile motivo confermato da giuramento o 
dichiarazione, ed indicando particolarmente il luogo da essere 
perquisito, e le cose, o le persone da essere arrestate. 

ARTICOLO Y. 

Nessuna persona sard tenuta responsabile diunclelitto capitale 
o infamante, senza una denuncia o atto di accusa di un grande 
giurl, tranne in quei casi che accadranno nelle forze di terra e di 
mare, o nella milizia sotto le armi in tempo di guerra, o pubblico 
pericolo, nb questa persona per lo stesso motivo sard soggetta 
ad essere due volte posto in pericolo della vita o libertd, nb in 
qualunque siasi causa crirainale sard obbligato ad essere testimo- 
nio contro se stesso, nb verrd privato della vita, libertd o pro- 
prietd senza regolare legale processo, ne alcuna proprietd privata 
potrd essere presa per uso pubblico senza un giusto ed adequato 
compenso. 


32 


VADE MECUM. 


ARTICOLO VI. 

In tutti i processi criminali, l’accusato godra del diritto di un 
processo pubblico e sollecito, di un imparziale ginri dello Stato 
o distretto nel quale il delitto fu comrnesso e che preventiva- 
rnente fu ricouosciuto da legge; e dovra essere avvisato ed infor- 
mato della natura e del motivo dell’accusa; dovra essere confron- 
tato con i testiraoni a suo carico, potra coercitivamente far citare 
i testimoni a suo discarico, ed avra sempre l’assistenza di un 
avvocato difensore. ■ 

ARTICOLO VII. 

Nolle cause comuni allorquando la valuta questionata eccedeiA 
il valore di venti dollari restera riservato all’accusato il diritto 
dei giurati, e nessun fatto giudicato da un giuri potra essere rie- 
saminato da altri corti degli Stati Uniti; se non quelli in accordo 
con le regole della legge coraune. 

ARTICOLO VIII. 

Non verranno mai domandate sicurta eccessipe, nb saranno 
imposte multe eccessive od inflitte punizioni crudelied infamanti. 

ARTICOLO IX. 

Nella Constituzione l’enumerazione di alcuni diritti non sarit 
costruita in modo tale da contradire o negare altri diritti spet- 
tanti al popolo. 

ARTICOLO X. 

Il potere giudiziario degli Stati Uniti, non potra essere stabilito 
in modo da estendersi a qualunque processo di legge o giustizia, 
comiuciato o intentato contro uno degli Stati Esteri. 

ARTICOLO XI. 

(1) Gli Elettori si riuniranno nei loro Stati rispettivi e voteranno 
per squittinio pel Presidente e Vice Presidente, uno dei quali alme- 
no non dev’essere abitante dello Stato, essi nella votazione specifi- 
cherannola persona votata per Presidente, ed in distinto ballottag- 
gio qnella votata per Vice-Presidente; essi faranno due liste 
distinte di tutte le persone per le quali si vote per le funzioni di 
Presidente e di tutte le altre per le quali si vote come Vice Presi¬ 
dente, indicando il numero di voti riportati da ognuno. Queste liste 
firmate e certificate saranno trasmesse sigillate alia sede del Go- 
verno degli Stati Uniti, dirette al Presidente del Senato. Il Pre- 


VADE MECTJM. 


33 


sidente del Senato alia prescnza del Senato e della Camera dei 
Rappresentanti aprird dette liste ed i voti saranno contati. Quella 
persona la quale avrd riportato il numero maggiore di voti per 
Presidente sard eletto tale se questi voti formeranno la maggiori¬ 
td dei delegati elettori. Se invece nessuDo giunga ad ottenere 
questa maggioritd, allora dalle persone le quali avranno ricevuto il 
piu grande numero di voti, non eceedendo tre, sulla lista di coloro 
ballottati per Presidente, la Camera dei Rappresentanti sceglierd 
per squittinio il Presidente. In questo ballottaggio i voti saranno 
contati in ragione degli Stati, la rappresentanza di ciascun Stato 
avendo un voto. Un quorum sard costituito di un solo membro, 
o membri dei due terzi degli Stati, ed una maggioritd di tutti gli 
Stati sard indispensable all’elezione. Se la Camera dei Rappre¬ 
sentanti non sceglierd il Presidente, quante volte essa ha il diritto 
di elezio.ne, prima del quarto giorno del mese di Marzo seguente; 
allora il Yice-Presidente, funzionerd da Presidente, come nel 
caso di morte o altra inabilitd constituzionale del Presidente. 

(2.) La persona che avrd riportato il maggior numero di voti, 
per Yice-Presidente, sard eletto Yice Presidente, se tale numero 
sard una maggioritd dell’intero numero dei delegati elettori. 
Se nessuna persona avrd ottenuto detta maggioritd, allora fra i 
due pid elevati in numero della lista, il Senato sceglierd il Yice- 
Presidente. 

Un quorum dovrd essere constituito dai due terzi del numero 
totale dei Senatori, ed una maggioritd dell’intero numero sard 
necessaria alia validitd dell’elezione| 

(3.) Nessuna persona constituzionalmente ineligibile per la 
carica di Presidente, potrd essere eletta a quella di Yice-Presi¬ 
dente degli Stati Uniti. 

ART1COLO XII. 

(1.) Negli Stati Uniti non esistera schiavitu, nh servitu invo- 
lontaria tranne quella per punizione di un delitto, dopo Qhe 1’ in- 
dividuo sia stato trovato colpevole. 

(2.) Il Congresso avrd l’autoritd di porre in esecuzione questo 
articolo per mezzo di appropriate leggi. 

ARTICOLO XIII. 

(1.) Qualunque persona nata o naturalizzata negli Stati Uniti 
e soggetta alia giurisdizione di essi, b di diritto cittadino degli 
Stati Uniti e dello Stato in cui avrd la propria residenza. Nes- 
suno Stato potrd emanare o mettere in vigore alcuna legge ten- 
dente a restringere i privilegii e le franchigie dei cittadini degli 
Stati Uniti; ne b concesso a qualsiasi Stato di privare una qualche 
persona della vita, libertd e proprietd senza regolare processo, 


34 


VADE MECUM. 


nb negare a qualsiasi persona soggetta alia sua giurisdizione 
l’eguale protezione delle leggi. 

(2.) I Rappresentanti saranno proporzionati frai varii Stati in 
accordo al loro rispettivo numero di persone in ogni Stato, esclu- 
si gl’Indiani non tassati, pero, quante volte il diritto di votare a 
qualunque elezione per la scelta degli Elettori per Presidente e 
Vice-Presidente degli Stati Uniti, Rappresentanti, ufficiali ese- 
cutivi e giudiziarii di nno Stato, o membri della legislatura di 
esso b negato, o in qualcbe maniera ristretto ad un certo numero 
di abitanti maschi dell’eta di ventun anni di un dato Stato, tranne 
per partecipazione in ribellione o altri delitti, la base della rap- 
presentanza di quello Stato dovra essere ridotta secondo la pro- # 
porzione in cui questa tale massa di cittadini cancellati dai ruoli, 
si trover^ con la massa totale delle persone di anni ventuno i 
quali esistono nello Stato. 

(3.) Nessuno sara Senatore Rappresentante al Congresso, elet- 
tore di Presidente e Vice-Presidente, o occupera impiego civile 
o militare sotto gli Stati Uniti, o sotto qualsiasi Stato, se avendo 
anteriormente preso giuramento come membro del Congresso, 
o come uffiziale degli Stati Uniti, o come membro di qualsiasi 
legislatura, o come facente parte del potere esecutivo o della ma- 
gistratura, di sopportare la Constituzione degli Stati Uniti, si 
sara mescolato in rivoluzioni o ribellione contro gli stessi, o avn\ 
dato ajuto e soccorso ai nemici di questi; il Congresso pero col 
voto di due terzi di ciascuna Camera pub togliere questa ina¬ 
bility. 

(4.) La validita del debito pubblico degli Stati Uniti autoriz- 
zato da legge, inclusi i debiti incorsi pel pagamento di pensioni 
e premii per servizii nel sopprimere insurrezioni e ribellioni, non 
sarit mai messa in dubbio. Nb gli Stati Uniti, nb alcun’ altro 
Stato assumeranno o pagheranno alcun debito, o obbligazione 
incorsa in ajuto d’insurrezioni o ribellioni contro gli Stati Uniti, 
nb daranno ragione ad alcun reclamo per perdita o emancipa- 
zione di schiavi, tutti questi debiti dovendo essere ritenuti per 
illegali e nulli. 

(5.) 11 Congresso avrii il potere di fare eseguire le provvisioni 
di quest’articolo con adequati leggi. 


Nota. —Alla quarta elezione Presidenziale Tommaso Jefferson ed Aron- 
ne Burr erano i candidati democratici respettivamente per Presidente e 
Vice-Presidente. Sulle liste elettorali essi ebbero un numero eguale di 
voti. Nella Camera dei Rappresentanti Burr per mezzo d ’intrighi si 
formo un partito, il quale votb in suo favore per la carica di Presii eute, 
e la Camera fu divisa da formare per cosi dire un nodo. Il contesto 
durb varii giorni, e fu si vivo, che membri ammalati furono trasportati 
alia seduta nei loro letti. Da ultimo uno degli aderenti di Burr si ritirb 
e Jefferson venne eletto con un solo voto di maggiorita fatto cbe accagio- 
nb la proposta di quest’ emendamento. % 



VADE MECUM. 


35 


Sommario dei President della Eepubblica degli 

STATI UNITI. 

Non e affatto nostra intenzione di tessere la vita dei diciotto 
Presidenti i quali hanno governato gli Stati Uniti, perd abbiamo 
creduto utile di darne un piccolissimo cenno biografico, affinche 
coloro i quali porteranno con loro questo libretto, abbiano una 
notizia di quest! stessi governanti. 

Giorgio Washington. Chi non conosce il liberatore dell’Ame- 
rica? Nato il 22 Febbrajo, 1732, da Agostino Washington e 
Maria Ball, tin dalla piil giovine eta sviluppo un nobilissirao ca- 
rattere. All’eth di appena 19 anni egli era major, o comandante 
railitare di un distretto. Colonnello di una spedizione egli fa 1’inuo- 
cente cagione di 7 anni di guerra fra la Francia e l’lnghilterra 
che si disputavano il possesso dell’ Ohio. Nel 1775, ei venue 
nominato comandante in capo del movimento ordinato dal Con- 
gresso in favore dell’Indipendenza. La missione era pericolosa. 
I coloni non avevano fiotta, ne armata, ne militare organizzazio- 
ne, mentre invece l’lnghilterraera una delle pih possenti nazioni. 
Dopomille rovesci e mille successi il 19 Aprile 1773, otto anni 
dopo la dichiarazione dell’Indipendenza, venne Gomunicata al- 
1’armata Americana la notizia di un trattato di pace firmato a 
Parigi. 114 Dicembre, Washington prese congedo dalla sua 
armata per ritirarsi nella sua diletta villa di Mount Vernon. Ad 
Annapolis il 23 Dicembre, 1783, presentb la sua dimissione al 
Congresso Continentale. Veduta la necessity di stabilire su basi 
ditferenti il governo dei tredici Stati confederati, una convenzio- 
ne si raduno inFiladelfia 1’ anno 1787, Washington v’ intervenne 
quale delegato della Virginia, ed all’ unanimity fu scelto a Pre- 
sidente. La trascritta constituzione fu il risultato di questa 
convenzione. Una volta questa Constituzione adottata, Washin¬ 
gton all’ unanimity dei voti fu eletto primo presidente degli Stati 
Uniti, Egli fu inaugurato Presidente il 3 Aprile 1789, ed alia 
fine dei suoi quattro anni, egli fu rieletto per un’altro periodo 
compito il quale, egli si ritiro alia sua prediletta villa di Mount 
Vernon. Alle ore 10 di sera del Sabato 14 Dicembre, 1799, egli 
esalo l’ultimo suo respiro assistito dal Dottor Graig. Ei morl 
quieto, tranquillo, sereno si che di lui si potrebbe dire quello che 
il Tasso diceva di Clorinda: “ passa e par che dorma. ” 11 gior- 

no 8 la sua salma fu depositata nella tomba di Mount Vernon. 

Giovanni Adams, nacque nell’attuale citta di Quincy il 30 
Ottobre, 1735. Suo padre avrebbe voluto fame un ministro della 
Chiesa Presbiteriana, perb il fanciullo al pari di altri non ^rhava 


36 


VADE MECUM. 


1 libri, ed al padre che gli domandava, quale professione volesse 
scegliere, rispose; “ voglio essere agricoltore.” Ebbene, riprese 
il padre, egli e tempo che lasciati i giuochi da parte tu cominci 
a lavorare ! Adams aveva allora 14 anni. II giorno susseguente 
di prima mattina, ei fu al lavoro; pero la sera ritorno a casa 
stanco, e disse al padre, come cambiato diparere, volesse provare 
lo studio dei libri. Fu dunque maudato a sc.uola. All’ eti di 
sedici anni entro nel collegio di Harward ricevendo il suo diplo¬ 
ma nell’anno 1755. All’ eta di ventidue anni aprl un studio di 
avvocato. Sul cominciare degli atti ostili del governo contro i 
coloni, accaddero in Boston vari casi di civili uccisi da militari o 
viceversa. Adams peroro sempre in favore dei civili, che riuscl a 
fare punire lievemente. Ei fu inviato quale uno dei cinque dele- 
gati al Congresso di Filadelfia nel 1774. Egli appoggio la mo- 
zione di Lee, e fu uno del comitato eletto a redigere la dichiara- 
zione. Adams era eccellente oratore. Nel novembre 1777, fu 
nominato delegato in. Francia in luogo di Silas Duane, ch’ era 
stato richiamato, con la missione di cooperarsi con Franklin e 
Lee che la si trovavano, ad ottenere da questa nazione i soccorsi 
dei quali abbisognavano. Giunsein Parigi 1’8 del mese di Aprile 
e tanto dal popolo che dalla corte fu ricevuto con molta bonta. 
In questa missione, visse con la piu rigida economia al solo fine 
di non aggravare la nazione di spese enormi. Il trattato diallean- 
za era stato firmato prima del suo arrivo. Adams vedendo l’inu- 
tilita della sua presenza, si decise a ritornare e s’imbarcb a bordo 
della fregata Francese “La sensibile” la quale arrivo in Boston il 

2 Agosto, 1779. Il 13 Novembre dello stesso anno Adams era di 
nuovo a bordo della stessa fregata, con la missione di negoziare 
un trattato con l’lnghilterra, subito che questa nazione fosse 
propensa a farlo. In quest’occasione Adams non divise le vedute 
di Franklin, ed avute delle contrariety col ministro Francese 
Conte de Vergennes, si decise a recarsi in Olanda, ove si rese 
utilissimo negoziando sotto la sua respousabilitd trattati. Ei 
riuscl a farsi riconoscere quale ministro degli Stati Uniti e 
membro del corpo diplomatico all’ Aja. Il 7 Ottobre, 1782, egli 
potb annunziare la seconda alleanza contratta dagli Stati Uniti. 
Nel giorno 24 Febbrajo, 1785, essendo stato firmato il trattato 
di pace con 1’ Inghilterra, Adams fu eletto ambasciatore presso 
la Corte di S. Giacomo. Allorquando la Constituzione venne fir- 
mata, Giovanni Adams fu eletto Yice-Presidente degli Stati 
Uniti. Malgrado gli sforzi del partito democratico, che accu- 
sava Adams d’idee monarchiche, egli venne rieletto a Vice- 
Presidente per unsecondo periodo prestando il suo giuramento il 
4 Marzo, 1793. Il 4 Marzo, 1797, presto il giuramento di Presi- 
dente della Repubblica. Dopo il Marzo, 1801, Adams rientronella 
vita privata, ed il solo privilegio ch’egli ottenesse fu quello di 
ricev^e e spedire la sua corrispondenza franca datassa. Ei mo- 
rl il 'PLuglio, 1826, nell’eth, di anni novanta. 


VADE MECUM. 


37 


Tommaso Jefferson, nacque il 2 Aprile, 1743, da Pietro e 
Giovanna Randolph. Quale scolare ei f'u un favorito e dei coin- 
pagni e dei maestri. Nel 1760 egli entrd nel collegio dove visse 
lussuosamente mantenendo superbi cavalli e ben visto dalla so- 
cieta. Nel secondo anno abbandond questi piaceri per dedicarsi 
alio studio. Nell’escire di collegio entrd nello studio dell’Avvo- 
cato Wyth. Nel 1772 si ammoglio ad una Marta Skelton, 
bellae ricca vedova, la quale gli portd in dote 40000 jugeri di ter¬ 
ra e 135 schiavi. Malgrado qnesta fortuna ei rimase uno dei piCi 
ardenti partigiani dell’ abolizione della schiavitd. Nel 1774, 
Jefferson pubblicd un opuscolo col titolo: “ Colpo d’occhio so- 
pra i diritti dell’ America Inglese, ” che talmente attrasse 1’ at- 
tenzione da meritare varie edizioni in Inghilterra. Come abbia- 
mo detto Jefferson sbozzd la minuta della dichiarazione. Nel 
1779, Jefferson fu uomiuato Governatore della Virginia. Nel 12 
Novembre, 1782, Jefferson unanimamente fu nominato miuistro 
plenipotenziario per negoziare un trattato con 1’ Inghilterra. Nel 
1784, ei fece parte di un comitato per formare un progetto di 
governo per tutta quell’immensa e vasta regione allora cono- 
sciuta sotto il nome di Territorio del Norddvest. Nel 1784, fu no¬ 
minato ministro plenipotenziario incaricato di negoziare trattati 
all’ estero. Nel 1780, si reco a Londra per negoziare un trattato 
di commercio. Egli fu molto amato dai Repubblicani Francesi. 
Nel 1789 ritornd in America. Washington lo chiamd al posto 
di segretario di Stato. Eletto Vice-Presidente nel 1797, alia 
susseguente elezione ei fu eletto Presidente. Nel 1804 Jefferson 
con una sorprendente unanimita fu rieletto Presidente per un 
secondo periodo. In quest’epoca egli contava 62 anni. Corn- 
pita questa seconda Presidenza, si ritiro nella villa di Monticello. 
Il giorno 4 Luglio, 1826, dieci minuti prima delle ore 10, la sua 
anima abbandond la terra. 

Giacomo Madison, nacque il 5 Marzo, 1751, a Montpellier, fat- 
toria distante venticinque miglia dalla villa di Jefferson. Nel- 
l’anno 1769, egli entrd nel collegio Princeton del quale era presi¬ 
dente’ l’illustre dottore Witherspoon. All’ eta di venti anni 
ricevette il suo diploma. Madison per la prima volta comparve 
al pubblico unitamente a Jefferson, quale difensore della tolle- 
ranza religiosa. Nel 1776, nell’ eta di ventisei anni fu eletto 
membro della convenzione di Virginia. 1/ anno susseguente fu 
candidato per 1’ assemblea generate, pero non fu fortunato. Nel 
1780 venue eletto membro del Congresso Continentale. Per tre 
anni egli continud ad essere uno dei snoi membri i piu attivi. 
Nel 1784, venne nominato membro della legislatura della Virgi¬ 
nia. Ei difese e propugnd la^revisione dei vecchi statuti, l'abro- 
gazione del diritto di primogenitura e lo stabilimento di una 
completa liberta religiosa. Washington gli offrl una missione in 
Francia ed il posto di Segretario di Stato ch’ci rifiutd. Nell’anno, 
1792, Madison era conosciuto quale il capo del partito repubbli- 
4 


38 


VADE MECUM. 


cano nel Congresso. Jefferson nomino Madison segretario di 
Stato. Nel Marzo, 1809, venne eletto Presidente degli Stati 
Uniti ricevendo 122 voti su 175 votanti. Nel 18 Giugno, 1812, 
il Presidente Madison approvo 1’ atto del Congresso col quale 
veniva dicliiarata laguerra contro la Gran Brettagna, quale mi- 
sura venne generalmente elogiata nonostante 1’ opposizione del 
partito federale. 11 4 Marzo, 1813, con grande maggioritd venne 
rieletto a Presidente per un secondo periodo. Alio spirare di 
questa seconda presidenza egli si ritiro a Montpelier. Nell’anno, 
1829, egli consentl di essere uno dei membri della convenzione la 
quale si riunl a Richmond, per rivedere la Constituzione dello 
Stato. 11 28 Giugno, 1836, Madison all’ eta di 85 anni di vita 
finl la sua mondana camera. 

Giacomo Monroe, nato il 28 Aprile, 1758, ricevette nnaeccel- 
lente educazione. Era sua intenzione di dedicarsi alio studio 
della Giurisprudenza, ma preferl partecipare ai rischi dei difen- 
sori delP Indipendenza nazionale arruolandosi quale cadetto sot- 
to gli ordini di Washington. A Trenton fu ferito alia spalla, e 
si distinse talmente pel suo coraggio da meritare la promozione 
al grado di Capitano. Il Generale Washington lo spedl in Vir¬ 
ginia a recrutare e formare un reggimento del quale lo nomino 
Colonnello. Nel 1782, venne eletto membro dell’assemblea di 
Virginia. L’ anno susseguente venne spedito in quality di dele- 
gato al Congresso Continentale. Ritornato in Virginia, comin- 
cio a esercitare la Giurisprudenza nella cittd di Fredericksburg. 
Nel, 1789, fu eletto membro del Senato degli Stati Uniti. Wa¬ 
shington lo nomino ambasciadore presso la Repubblica Francese. 
Poco dopo il suo ritorno dalP Europa egli fu eletto governatore 
della Virginia. Dal Presidente Jefferson venne rispedito in 
Francia per acquistare il territorio della Luisiana che ottenne per 
la somma di 150,000,000 di dollari. Dalla Francia passo in In- 
ghilterra per ottenere la recognizione dei diritti Americani come 
neutrali, e dall’Inghilterra passo in Spagna. Nel 1809 venne 
rieletto Governatore dello Stato, quali funzioni ei rifiuto per 
accettare il posto di Segretario di Stato offertogli da Madison. 
Pietro la dimissione del Ministro della Guerra, egli assunse 
egualmente la direzione di questo portafoglio, rendendo eminenti 
servigii. Eletto Presidente degli Stati Unit! nel 1817 presto il 
suo giuramento ed entro in funzioni. Senza opposizione ei ven¬ 
ne rieletto nell’anno 1821, dappoichb su 232 votanti ricevette 
231 voti. NelPanno 1825, si ritiro nella sua residenza di Oak 
Hill accompagnato dalla stima e rispetto generale. Nel 1830 si 
domicile in Nuova York, dove mold il giorno 4 di Luglio, 1831, 
nelP eld di anni 73. 

Giovanmi Quincy Adams, nacque il giorno 11 del mese di Lu¬ 
glio 1767 in Quincy. Bambino accompagno il padre nei differenti 
suoi viaggi in Europa. Egli studio dapprima in una scuola di 
Amsterdam e poscia entro nell’Universitd di Leida. Nel 1776 


39 


\^.DE MECUM. 

egli entr6 nell’University di Harward, e per tre anni studib la Giu- 
risprudenza sotto 1’onorevole Parsons in Newbury port. Nel 1790, 
aprl un studio legale in Boston. Nel mese di Giugno 1794, nella gio- 
vine eta di 27 anni fu nominato ministro presso l’Olanda. Nel 1797, 
fu nominato tale presso il Portogallo, ina nel recarvisi ricevette 
ordine di rimanere in Londra fino a nuove instruzioni, le quali 
giunsero confidandogli il posto di ministro a Berlino, ove arrive 
il 1797, rimanendovi fino all’anno 1799 Nell’anno, 1809, venne 
spedito quale ambasciatore a S. Pietroburgo. Nel 1811, dal 
Presidente Madison venne nominato giudice della Corte Supre- 
ma degli Stati Uniti, posto ch’egli rifiuto. Nel 1815 fu ministro 
a Londra. Una delle pifi importanti misure della Presidenza di 
Monroe fu l’aquisto della Florida per la somma di 5,000,000 di 
dollari. Nel 1825 venne eletto Presidente non senza grande 
opposizione e contrasto. L’anno 1829, ritorno nella vita privata 
dalla quale fu tratto coll’essere eletto rappresentaute al Congres- 
so ove rimase per diciasette anni continuamente rieletto. Il 21 
Febbrajo, 1848, ei si alzo per parlare nella Camera, allorquando 
venne sorpreso da un attacco di paralisia. Sorretto da amici, 
egli venne trasportato neH’appartamento del Presidente, ove 
esalo l’ultimo sospiro. 

Andrea Jackson, nato il 15 Marzo, 1767, da poverissimi emi- 
granti Irlandesi. Sua madre vedova e povera si ritird presso 
un cognato ove ella rimase per dieci anni. Da fanciullo fu tur- 
bolento ed irreligioso. Ungiorno durante la guerra dell’Indi- 
pendenza, Andrea Jackson col fratello Roberto trovavansi come 
guardie presso la casa di un Whig, e furono fatti prigionieri. Un 
ufficiale Inglese ordino ad Andrea di nettare le sue scarpe, “Sono, 
rispose il fanciullo, prigioniero di guerra e non'un servo” J/uf- 
ficiale indispettito lo ferl. La madre si rese a Charlestown per 
ottenere la liberty dei due suoi figli, e feriti, scalzi, ammalati, 
dovettero caminare per piil di quaranta miglia. Giunti a casa 
Roberto mori, ed il nostro futuro Presidente rimase tra la vita 
e la morte. Alcuni giorni dopo la madre si rimise in mar- 
cia per ottenere la liberta dei figli delle sorelle ch’ erano egual- 
mente prigionieri, pero essa a mezza strada morl lasciando 
Andrea oriano e povero all’etd di 14 anni Egli si pose come ap- 
prendista nel mestiere di sellajo, ma come le sue forze ritornavano, 
il suo carattere si manifestava, ed egli diventava bevitore, giuo- 
catore ed amante delle questioni e risse. Possessore di un ca- 
vallo ei si rec6 a Charlestown, ove contrasse dei debiti. Invitato 
a giuocare il suo cavallo contro 200 dollari, ei vi acconsentl ed 
ebbe la fortuna di guadagnare. Con questo denaro, pagati i 
suoi debiti, ritorno a casa. A Salisbury nello studio di un tale 
Me. Cay incomincio a studiare il diritto. Poco dopo fu nomina¬ 
to accusatore pubblico nel distretto di Nashville. Lasciando da 
parte tutte le peripezie della sua giovine eta, noi troviamo nel 
1796, Jackson ricco ed inviato quale delegato a Knoxville per 


40 


VADE MEC^VI. 

formare una Constituzione. II nuovo Stato aveva diritto ad un 
solo deputato al Congresso e questo deputato fu Jackson il quale 
si reco in Filadelfia. Jackson era un puro democratico, e nel 
Tennesee divenne molto popolare, e venne scelto ed eletto Sena- 
tore degli Stati Uniti. Nel 1798, Jackson ritornd nel Tennessee 
rassegnando il,suo posto di Senatore. Subito dopo fu nominato 
Giudice della Corte Suprema di questo Stato, perd a causa di 
forti querele col Governatore Levier, egli rinunzid alia sopradetta 
carica. Nel 1804 fu eletto generale della railizia. Allorquando 
comincio la guerra del 1812 Aronne Burr propose Andrea Jackson 
quale un uomo che farebbe onore ad un comando, ed il Generale 
che appunto offriva i suoi servizii e 2,500 volontari venne accet- 
tato. Dopo 1’ acquisto della Florida Jackson fu nominato gover¬ 
natore di questo nuovo Stato. Nell’autunno dell’anno 1823, fu 
eletto Senatore degli Stati Uniti e nel 1828, fu eletto Presidente. 
Al finire del suo secondo periodo di Presidenza egli si ritird nel- 
la sua villa dell’ Ermitaggio. La vita susseguente fu quella di 
un vero Cristiano. L’ 8 Giugno 1845, ei si parti da questo 
mondo. 

Martino Yan Buren, nato il 5 Dicembre, 1782. Laureato 
dottore in legge, dopo essere rimasto sei anni in uno studio nel 
proprio villaggio si reed in Nuova York. Nel 1821 fu eletto 
membro del Senato degli Stati Uniti. Nel 1827 fu rieletto. Nel 
1828, fu nominato Governatore dello Stato di Nuova York. 
Dal Presidente Jackson venne nominato Segretario di Stato. 
Dietro sna dimissione da questa carica, ei fu nominato ambascia- 
dore aLondra, perd la suanomina non venne ratificata dal Se¬ 
nato. Ritornato negli Stati Uniti ei venne eletto Vice-Presidente. 
Il 20 Maggio, 1836, Yan Buren venne eletto Presidente. Nel 
Marzo 1841 si ritird dal suo posto. Nel 1844 fu candidato sf'or- 
tunato. Di nuovo fu non felice candidato del partito democra¬ 
tico nell’anno 1848, epoca nella quale ei si ritird a Lindenwald 
ove morl il 24 Luglio, 1862. 

Guglielmo Enrico Harrison, nato in Yirginia, il 9 Febbrajo, 
1773. Nominato cadetto nell’armata destinata a combattere 
gl’Indiani, fu in seguito luogotenente e poscia capitano coman- 
dante la fortezza di Washington. Nell’anno, 1797, data la sua 
dimissione fu nominato segretario del territorio del Nordovest. 
Nel 1800 venne nominato Governatore del territorio d’Indiana 
nella quale carica ei rimase per dodici anni consecutivi. Nel 
1816 il Generale Harrison fu eletto membro della Camera dei 
Rappresentanti. Nel 1819 venne eletto Senatore dell’Ohio. Dal 
Presidente Quincy Adams venDe nominato ambasciadore alia 
repubblica di Colombia, ma richiamato dal Presidente Jackson, 
ei si ritird nella sua lattoria sull’Ohio ove accetto l’umile iinpiego 
di commesso del tribunale della Contea di Hamilton. Candidato 
non lelice nell’elezione del 1836, nella susseguente ricevette 234 


VADE MECUM. 41 

voti e fu nominato Presidente. II 4 Aprile mold di un attacco 
di pleurisia. 

Zaccaria Taylor, nato il 24 Novembre, 1784, nella contea di 
Orange Virginia. Successivamente passo per tutti i gradi della 
milizia. Si distinse nella guerra col Messico. Nel 1849 prest6 
il suo gitiramento di Presidente, dopo appena un anno, arnmala- 
tosi, il 9 Luglio, 1850, rese 1’ ultimo sospiro. “Non temo di mo- 
rire,” furono le sue estreme parole. 

Millard Fillmore, nato il 7 Gennajo 1800, da povero agricol- 
tore. Egli non ebbe molti vantaggi di educazione, nullameno 
il giudice Walter Wood, sorpreso della sua svegliata intelligenza 
e della sua piacevole figura, ne addivenne il protettore prenden- 
dolo nel suo studio e prestandogli del denaro. Nel 1829, ei fu 
nominato rappresentante alio Stato diNuova York. Nel 1832 
fu eletto al Congresso, nel 1837 venne rieletto. Nel 1847, fu no¬ 
minato Controlloro dello Stato. Alla morte del Presidente come 
di diritto successe alia Presidenza degli Stati Uniti. Il 4 Marzo 
1853 Fillmore si ritiro, ed intraprese un gran viaggio nel Sud. 
Nell’ anno 1855, ei si reed in Europa. Nella guerra civile ei ri- 
mase neutrale, abbenchk si creda ch’egli avesse una forte simpa- 
tia verso iseccessionisti. 

Giovanni Tyler, nato il 29 Marzo, 1790, laureato all’ etA di 
17 anni, comincid a praticare la giurisprudenza all’etA di 19 anni 
con un maraviglioso successo. All’ et& di 26 anni fu eletto 
membro del Congresso, perd per causa di salute fu obbligato a 
ritirarsi, quantunque non potesse rifiutarsi di sedere nella legi- 
slatura dello Stato. Nel 1825 fu eletto Governatore dello Stato, 
e rieletto. Nominato Senatore agli Stati Uniti sotto la Presiden¬ 
za di Adams ei si uni all’ opposizione. Nel 1839 fu eletto Vice- 
Presidente degli Stati Uniti. Nel 1841 fu eletto Presidente. 
Nella guerra civile egli si uni ai confederati dai quali fu eletto 
membro del Oongresso. Poco dopo morl, lasciando la taccia 
di essersi unito ai Confederate 

Giacomo Knox Polk, nato il 2 Novembre 1795. Nel 1813 fu 
mandato all’accademia di Murfreesborough e nel 1815 entrd nel- 
Universita di Chapel Hill, nella Carolina del Nord. Nel 1823, 
fu eletto alia legislatura del Tennessee. Nel 1825 fu scelto mem¬ 
bro del Congresso nel quale posto ei rimase quattordici anni 
consecutivi, alio spirare dei quali, egli fu eletto a Governatore. 
Per cinque sessioni Polk fu Presidente della Camera. Nel 1839 
presto in Nashville il suo giuramento di Governatore. Nel 4 
Marzo 1845, presto il giuramento quale Presidente degli Stati 
Uniti. Il 15 Giugno 1849, ei morl nell’ etk di 44 anni. 

Franklin Pierce, nato il 23 Novembre 1804. Nell’ anno 
1820 entrd nel collegio di Bowdoin. Nel 1833 fu eletto membro 
del Congresso e nel 1837 venne eletto al Senato. 11 27 Maggio 
1847 col grado di Generale parti per la campagna del Messico. 
Nel 12 Giugno 1852 fu eletto Presidente prestando il suo giura- 

4 * 


42 


VADE MECUM. 


mento il 4 Marzo 1853. Nell’anno 1857 ei si reco iu sua casa 
in Concordia N. H. 

Giacomo Buchanan, nato il 23 Aprile 1791, da povera fami- 
glia Irlandese. Con grandi sacrificii fu educato e nel 1812 fu 
ammesso nel ruolo degli avvocati. Nell’anno 1820 fu eletto al 
Congresso. Nel 1856 con 174 voti fu eletto Presidente degli 
Stati Uniti. Durante il periodo della sua Presidenza comincio 
la terribile e disgraziata guerra della seccessione. 

Abramo Lincoln, fu il figlio di poveri ma onesti agricoltori. 
Avendo perduta la madre, per vivere comincio a scrivere lettere 
per gli analfabeti, ajutando il padre nei suoi lavori. All’etd di 
19 anni un vicino offerse ad Abramo l’occasione di fare un viag- 
gio. All’ eta di 23 anni ei venne proposto quale- candidato alia 
legislatura dello Stato, ma fu battuto. Jackson lo nomino agente 
della posta a Salem. In questa povera carica, ei si applied alio 
studio. Nel 1834 fu eletto alia legislatura, alia quale venne rie- 
letto nel 1836. Il Sig. Stuart propose.a Lincoln di diventare suo 
associato, lo eke venne accettato, per lo eke cambiando il suo do- 
micilio, recavasi a Springfield ck’era la capitate. Intanto ripetu- 
tamente ei venne eletto alia legislatura, e presto fu considerato 
quale uno dei principali capi di Wliig. Nella pratica della sua pro- 
fessione il suo successofu tale eke immancabilmente era ritenuto 
pei pifi important! processi. Nel 1846, Lincoln fu eletto membrodel 
Congresso. Nel 16 Giugno, 1851, presentatosi quale candidato 
fu battuto. Il 15 Giugno con 180 voti venne eletto Presidente. In¬ 
tanto varii Stati si erano separati dall’Unione e la guerra civile 
passeggiava la sua micidiale face sul vasto territorio. Il 14 
Aprile il Generate Grant trovavasi a Washington ed unitamente 
al Presidente Lincoln vennero invitati di assistere alia rappre- 
sentazione dei “Nostri americani cugini. ” Il Presidente vi si 
reco, e mentre sembrava prendere interesse alia rappresentazione 
un attore di nome Giovanni Wilkes Booth, s’incammino verso il 
palco del Presidente, e tirato un colpo di pistola, profittando 
della confusione, montato a cavallo sparl. 11 colpo produsse la 
morte. Fu questa la fine di uno dei piu grandi Presidenti degli 
Stati Uniti. Umano, giusto, caritatevole, religioso, liberate, ei 
morl del martirio dei giusti. 

Andrea Johnson, nato il 29 Dicembre, 1808, in Raleigh, fu 
uno dei piu poveri bambini e senza sapere ne leggere nb scrivere 
impard il mestiere di sarto. Un vecchio signore aveva l’abitu- 
dine di recarsi a leggere nella bottega del suo padrone. Questo 
fatto sveglio la sua amblzione, esiaccinse ad imparare l’alfabeto. 
Sacrificando Je sue ore di riposo e di riqreazione con 1’ assisten- 
za di altri operaj impard a leggere. Nel 1828 la sua popolaritii, 
era tale da farlo scegliere quale Alderman e due anni dopo fu 
eletto sindaco. Nel 1835, venne eletto membro della camera dei 
rappresentanti del Tennessee. Nel 1841, fu eletto Senatore dello 
Stato. Nel 1843 fu eletto membro del Congresso ove rimase per 


VADE MECUM. 


43 


dieci a'uni consecutivi. Nel 1853 fu eletto Governatore del 
Tennessee e rieletto nel 1855. 11 14 Novembre, 1864, fu eletto 

Vice-Presidente degli Stati Uniti, ed alia morte del Presidente 
Lincoln, secondo la constituzione, di diritto passo alia Presidenza. 

Ulisse Sidney Grant, nato il 27 Aprile, 1822, nella contea di- 
Clermont, sul tiume Ohio presso Cincinnati—Ci estenderemo noi 
sulla vita dell’ attuale Presidente.? No, n6 servo encomio , nd 
codardo oltraggio disonoreranno queste pagine e per lui come 
abbiamo fatto per gli altri sbozzeremo un piccolo riassunto che 
pud quasi dirsi: Stato di vita. Pino all’eta di 17 anni ajuto il 
padre nella sua conceria, recandosi giornalmente a scuola, a que- 
sta eta egli entrd come cadetto nell’ accademia Militare di West 
Point dove si distinse passando per igradidi Caporalee Sergente 
a quello di uffiziale. Il primo del mese di Giugno, 1843, ricevh 
il brevetto di sotto-tenente d’infanteria e nel 1845 fu posto sotto 
gli ordini del Generale Taylor, nella guerra col Texas. Nel 13 
Settembre, 1847, fu promosso a Capitano. Nel ritirarsi dal ser- 
vizio ammogliatosi con la Signorina Dent di S. Luigi, si domicile 
nelle vicinanze di questa citta e si occupd delle terre. A1 co- 
minciare della guerra civile egli dapprima fu instruttore dei volon- 
tari dello Stato ( Illinois ) e poscia fu nominato Colonnello del 21.° 
Reggimento di fanteria nel mese di Giugno 1861 e nel mese di Ago- 
sto ricevette il brevetto di Brigadiere Generale. Nel Febbrajo 1862 
fu nominato Generale. In Ottob: 1862 fu nominato comaudante del 
dipartimento del Tennessee incluso il Mississipi fino a Wickburg. 
Nella sessione de^Congresso del 1863 una medaglia fu coniataper 
testimoniare i ringraziamenti delle due camere al Generale Grant, 
pel suo coraggio, patriottismo e valore, e con atto delCongresso 
in data del primo Marzo, 1861, Ulisse Grant fu nominato Luogo- 
tenente Generale. Il 16 Aprile 1865, Johnston conchiuse col 
Generale Sherman le condizioni di resa che furono rifiutate dal 
Congresso il quale sped! Grant per modificarle e Johnston si ar- 
rese con le stesse condizioni del Generale Lee. Il 21 Maggio 
1868 la Convenzione Nazionale Repubblicana si riunl in Chicago 
ed elesse come candidato della Presidenza il Generale Grant con 
650 voti—Alla elezione susseguente ei fu eletto, ed alio spirare 
del primo periodo egli venne rieletto, ed io per la prima volta 
nel mese di Marzo, con un freddo eccessivo, ebbi il piacere di 
assistere in Washington alia presa di possessione ed alia presta- 
zione del giuramento. Molto si h parlato della nomina del Ge¬ 
nerale per un terzo periodo—Le elezioni sono prossime, e presto 
sapremo se il Generale Grant sara presentato o no come candi¬ 
dato—Finisco quest! cenni, coll’osservare ai miei lettori quanto 
h bella una nazione che elegge il suo capo, abbenchh quasi tutti 
i governanti degli Stati Europei sieno ereditarii, e che in Euro- 
pa la parola RepubUica spaventi la generalita della popolazione 
quasi in essa racchiudesse, le parole, fur to, omicidio, rapina , 
ingiustizia, anarchia . 


44 


VADE MECUM. 


Governo attuale deg-li Stati TJniti. 

Presidente.— ULISSE S. GRANT, dello Stato dell’ Illinois. 
Vice Presidente .— 

Segretario privato del Presidente. — Generale 0. E. Babcock, 

dello Stato di Vermont. 

GABINETTO. 

Segretario di Stato. —HAMILTON FISH, dello Stato di 

Nuova York. 

Segretario del Tesoro .—BENIAMINO H. BRISTOW, dello 

Stato di Kentucky. 

Segretario della Guerra. —GUGLIELMO W. BELKNAP, 

dello Stato di Jova. 

Segretario della Marina .—GIORGIO M. ROBESON, dello 

Stato di Nuovo Jersey. 

Segretario dell ’ Interno .—ZACCARIA CHANDLER, dello 

Stato di Michigan. 

Direttore Generale delle Poste. —MARSHALL JEWELL, 

dello Stato del Connecticut. 

Ministro di Giustizia .—EDUARDO PIERREPONT, dello 

Stato di Nuova York. 


Membri del 44.° Congresso. 

SENATO. 

Presidente del Senato. —TOMM ASO GUGLIELMO FERRY, 

dello Stato del Michigan. 
Segretario. ” . GIORGIO C. GORHAM, dello Stato 

di California. 


California. 

Aronne A. Sargent, Rep. 
Newton Booth, Ind. 

Connecticut. 

Giac. E. English, Dein. 
Gugl. G. Eaton, Dem. 


Epoca della 
fine del lore 
mandato. 

Alabama. 

Epoca della 
fine del lore 
mandato. 

1877 

Giorgio Goldtwaite, Dem. 

1879 

1879 

Giorgio E Spencer, Rep. 
A rkansas. 

1881 

1877 

Powell Clayton, Rep. 

187G 

1879 

Stefano G. Dorsey, Rep. 

1881 





VADE MECUM. 


45 


© 

© ^ 6 


c3 O 

*—• *H 

r—1 d 

^ ® 5 

03 <ri 

° © a 

ad ® 

W =3 S 

Delaware. 

O ^3 a 

© <15 S 

aa ^ 
ww 2 

1877 

Ely Saulsbury, Dem. 
Tom. F. Bayard, Dem. 

1879 

1881 

1881 


Florida. 


1879 

Simone B. Conover, Rep. 

1877 

1881 

Carlo G. Jones, Dem. 

1881 


Georgia. 


1877 

John A. Logan, Rep. 

1879 

1879 

Ric. J. Oglesby, Rep. 

1881 


Illinois. 


1877 

Tom. M. Norwood, Dem. 

1877 

1879 

John B. Gordon, Dem. 

1879 


Indiana. 


1879 

Oliviero P. Morton, Rep. 

1877 

1881 

Jos. E. McDonald, Dem. 

1881 


loiva. 


1877 

Giorgio G. Wright, Rep. 

1879 

1879 

Gugl B. Allison, Rep. 

1881 


Kansas. 


1877 

Giac. M. Harvey, Rep. 

1877 

1879 

Giov. J. Ingalls, Rep. 

1879 


Kentucky. 


1877 

J. W. Stevenson, Dem. 

1879 

1879 

Tom. C. McCreery, Dem. 

1881 


Louisiana. 


1877 

J. Rodman West,. Rep. 

1877 


Maine. 

1879 

1877 

Lot M. Morrill, Rep. 


1881 

Annib. Hamlin, Rep. 

1879 


Maryland. I 

1881 

1879 

Giorgio R. Dennis, Dem. j 


1881 

G. Pinckney White, Dem. 

1877 


Massacliussets. 

1881 

1877 

Gior. S. Boutwell, Rep. | 


1881 

Enrico L. Dawes, Rep. 1 

1877 


Mississippi. 

1879 

1877 

Tom. G. Ferry, Rep. 

Is. P. Christianey, Ind. 1 


1881 

1877 


Michigan. 


1877 

Giac. L. Alcorn, Rep. 


1881 

B. K. Bruce (neg.) Rep. 



Minnesota. 


1877 

Gug. Windom, Rep. 

1877 

1881 

S. J. R. McMillan, Ind. 

1881 


Missouri. 

Luigi Gug. Bogy, Dem. 
Fr. M. Cockerell, Dem. 
Nebraska. 

F. G. Hitchock, Rep. 

A. S. Paddock, Rep. 

Nevada. 

Giov. P. Jones, Rep. 
Guglielmo Sharon, Rep. 

Nuovo Hampshire. 
Aronne H. Cragin, Rep. 

B. Wadleigh, Rep. 

Nuovo Jersey. 

F. T. Frelinghuysen, Rep. 
Teod. F. Randolph, Dem. 

Nuova York. 

R. Conkling, Rep. 
Francesco Kernan, Dem. 

Carolina del Nord. 
Matteo G. Ransom, Dem. 
Aug. S. Merrimon, Dem. 
Ohio. 

Giov. Sherman, Rep. 
Allen G. Thurman, Dem. 

Oregon. 

Giacomo R. Kelly Rep. 
Giov. H. Mitchell, Dem. 

Pensilvania. 
Simone Cameron, Rep. 
Gug’. A. Wallace, Dem. 

Rhode Island. 

Enr. B. Anthony, Rep. 
Amb. E. Burnside, Rep. 

Carolina del Sud. 
Tom. J. Robertson, Rep. 
Giov. J. Patterson, Rep. 
Tennessee. 

Enrico Cooper, Dem. 

M. Key (pro tempore fino 
alia riunione del Congres- 
so.) 

Texas. 

Morg. C. Hamilton, Ind. 
Sam. B. Maxey, Dem. 














YADE MECUM. 


46 


Epoca della 
fine del loro 
mandate. 


Epoca della 
fine del loro 
mandato. 

Vermont. 

1879 

Giustino S. Morrill, Rep. 

1877 

1881 

Giorg. F. Edmunds, Rep. 

1881 


Virginia. 

29 

1877 

Giov. W. Johnston Dem. 

40 

1881 

Rob. E. Withers, Dem. 

4 


Virginia Occidentale. 

1 

1877 

Enr. C. Davis, Dem. 


1881 

Allen T. Caperton, Dem. 



Visconsin. 

Timoteo 0. Howe, Rep. 
Ango Cameron, Rep. 
Democratici, 
Repubblicani, 
Indipendenti Riformisti, 
Yacante. 


Camera dei Rappresentanti. 


Distretto. Distretto. 



Alabama. 


1 

B. B. Lewis, Dem. 

1 

2 

W. H. Forney. Dem. 

2 

3 

Geremia Haralson (neg.) 

3 

4 

Ger. N. Williams, Dem. 

4 

5 

Paolo Bradford, Dem. 

5 

6 

Carlo Hays, Rep. 

6 

7 

Giov. 11. Caldwell, Dem. 

7 

8 

Gold. W. Huvitt, Dem. 

8 


A rJcansas. 

9 

1 

Luciano C. Gause, Dem. 


2 

Gug. J. Slemons, Dem. 

1 

3 

W. W. Wilshire, Dem. 

2 

4 

Tom. M. Gunter, Dem. 

3 


California. 

4 

1 

Gug. A. Piper, Dem. 

5 

2 

H. F. Page, Rep. 

6 

3 

Giov. K. Lutrell, Dem. 

7 

4 

F. D. Wigginton, Dem. 

8 


Connecticut. 

9 

1 

Giorg. M. Landers, Dem. 

10 

2 

James Phelps, Dem. 

11 

3 

E. H. Starkweather, Rep. 

12 

4 

Gug. H. Barnum Dem. 

13 


Delaware. 

14 

1 

Giac. Williams, Dem. 

15 


Florida. 

16 

1 

Gugl. J. Purman, Rep. 

17 

2 

J. T. Walls (neg.) Rep. 

18 



19 


Georgia. 

Giul. Hartridge, Dem. 
Gugl. E. Smith, Dem. 
Filippo Cook, Dem. 
Enrico R. Harris, Dem. 
Milton A. Candler, Dem. 
Giac. H. Blount. Dem. 
Gugl. H. Felton, Dem. 
Ales. H. Stephens, Dem. 
Beniamino Hill, Dem. 
Illinois. 

Bern. G. Gaulfield, Dem. 
Carter H. Harrison Dem. 
Carlo B. Farwell, Rep. 
Stef. A. Hurlbut, Rep. 
Orazio C. Burchard, Rep. 
Tom. J. Henderson, Rep. 
Ales. Campbell Ind. 
Greenbury L. Fort, Rep. 
Ric. H. Whiting, Rep. 
Giov. C. Bagby, lnd. 
Scott Wike, Dem. 

W. M. Springer, Dem.' 
Adlai E. Stevenson, Ind. 
Gius. C. Cannon, Rep. 
Giov. R. Eden, Dem. 
Gug. A. J. Sparks, Dem. 
Gug. R. Morrison, Dem. 
Gug. Hartzell, Dem. 
Gug. B. Anderson, Ind. 










1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

LO 

LI 

L2 

L3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

1 

2 

o 

O 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

0 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 


VADE MECUM. 


47 


Distretto. 


Indiana. 

Benoni S. Fuller, Bern. 
Giac. S. Williams, Dem. 
Michele 0. Kerr, Dem. 
Jefta D. New, Dem. 

Gug. S. Holman, Dem. 
Milton S. Robinson, Rep. 
Franklin Landers, Dem. 
Morton C. Hunter, Rep. 
Tom. J. Cason, Rep. 
Gugl. S. Haymond, Dem. 
Giac. L. Evans, Rep. 
And. H. Hamilton, Dem. 
Giov. Gug. Baker, Rep. 
Jowa. 

Gior. Gug. McCrary, Rep 
Giov. Q. Tufts, Rep. 

L. L. Ainsworth, Dem. 
Enrico 0. Pratt, Rep. 
Giacomo Wilson, Rep. 

E. S. Sampson, Rep. 
Giov. A. Kasson, Rep. 
Giac. Gu. McDill, Rep. 
Addison Oliver, Rep, 
Kansas. 

Gugl. R. Philips, Rep. 
Giov. R. Goodin, Dem. 
Gugl. R. Brown, Rep. 

Kentucky. 

A. R. Boone, Dem. 

Giov. Brown, Dem. 

0. Gugl. Milliken, Dem. 
J. Proctor Knott, Dem. 
E. J. Parsons, Dem. 
Tom. L. Jones, Dem. 

J. C. S. Blackburn, Dem. 
Milton J. Durham, Dem. 
Giov. D. White, Rep. 
Giov. B. Clarke,. Dem. 
Luisiana. 

Randall L. Gibson, Dem. 
E. Giov. Ellis, Dem. 
Chester B. Darrall, Rep. 
Gugl. M. Levy, Dem. 
Franc. Morey, Rep 
Carlo E. Nash Rep. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

1 

2 

3 

4 . 

5 

6 
7 
1 
9 

10 

11 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 
7 
1 
9 

1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 


Maine. 

Giov. H. Burleigh, Rep. 
Gugl. P. Frye Rep. 

Gugl. C. Blaine, Rep. 
Enrico M. Plaisted, Rep. 
Eugenio Hale, Rep. 
Maryland. 

Filippo F. Thomas, Dem. 
Carlo S. Roberts, Dem. 
Gugl. J. O’Brien Dem. 
Tom. Swann, Dem. 

Elia J. Henkle, Dem. 
Guglielmo Walsh, Dem. 

Massaclxusset. 

Gugl. R. Crapo, Rep. 
Beniam. G. Harris, Rep. 
Enrico L. Pierce, Rep. 
Rufo L. Frost, Rep. 

N. P. Banks Rep. 

C. P. Thompson, Dem. 
Giov. K. Tarbox, Dem. 
Gugl. G. Warren, Dem. 
Giorg. F. Hoar, Rep. 
Giulio H. Seelve, Ind. 
Chester G. Chapin Dem. 
Michigan. 

A. S. Williams, Dem. 
Enrico Waldron, Rep. 
Giorgio Willard, Rep. 
Allen Potter, Dem. 

W. B. Williams, Rep. 

G. H. Durand, Dem. 
Omar. D. Conger, Rep. 
Natan Bradley, Rep. 

Jay A. Hubbell, Rep. 
Minnesota. 

Marco H. Dunnell, Rep. 
Orazio B. Strait, Rep. 
Guglielmo S. King, Rep. 

Mississipi. 

L. R. C. Lamar, Dem. 

G. Wiley Wells, Rep. 

H. D. Money, Dem. 

Ot. R. Singleton, Dem. 

C. E. Hooker, Dem. 
Rodrigo Seal, Dem. 








>isti 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

1 

1 

1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5. 

6 

7 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 


YADE MECUM. 


to. 


Missouri. 

Eduardo 0. Kerr, Dem. 
Erasto Wells, Dem. 

G. H. Stone Dem. 

Rob. A. Hatcher, Dem. 
Ric. P. Bland, Dem. 
Carlo H. Morgan, Dem. 
Giov. F. Philips, Dem. 
Benia J. Franklin, Dem. 
Davidde Rea, Dem. 

B. A. De Bolt, Dem. 
Giov. B. Clark giovine, 
Giov. M Glover, Dem. 

A. H. Buckner, Dem. 
Nebraska. 

Lorenzo Crounse, Rep. 
Nevada. 

Gugl. Woodburn. Rep. 

Nuovo Hampshire. 
Francesco Jones, Dem. 
Samuele N. Bell, Dem. 
Enrico W. Blair, Rep. 

Nuovo Jersey. 

E. H. Sinnickson, Rep. 
Sam. A. Dobbins, Rep. 
Miles Ross, Dem. 
Roberto Hamilton, Dem. 
Aug. G. Cutler, Dem. 
Federigo H. Teese Dem. 
A. A. Hardenberg Dem. 

Nuova York. 

Enr. B. Metcalf, Dem. 

G. G. Selin maker, Dem. 
S. P. Chittenden, Rif, 
Arc. M. Bliss, Rif. 
Edvino R. Meade Dem. 
Samuele S. Cox, Dem. 
Smith Ely, giovine, Dem. 
Elia Ward, Dem. 
Fernando Wood, Dem. 
Abramo S. Hewitt, Dem. 
Ben. A. Willis, Rif. 

N. Holmes Odell, Dem. 
J. 0. Whitehouse, lnd. 
Giorg. M. Beebe, Dem. 
G. 14. Bagley, giov. Dem. 
Carlo H. Adams, Rep. 


Distretto 

17 

18 

19 

20 
21 
22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

1 
2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 
9 

10 
11 
12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 


M. 1. Townsend, Rep. 
Andrea Williams, Rep. 
Gugl. A. Wheeler, Rep. 
Enr. H. Hatliorn, Rep. 
Sam. F. Miller, Rep. 
Giorg. A. Bagley Rep. 
Scott Lord, Dem. 

Gugl. H. Baker Rep. 

E. W. Leavenworth, Rep. 
C. D. MacDougall Rep. 
E. G. Lepham, Rep. 

Tom. C. Platt, Rep. 

C. C. B. Walker, Dem. 
Giov. M. Davy, Rep. 
Giorgio G. Hoskins. Rep. 
Liman K. Bass, Rep. 

Carolina del Nord. 
Jesse J. Yeates, Dem. 

J. A. Hyman, (neg.) 

Alfr. M. Waddell, Dem. 
Gius. F. Davis, Dem. 
Alfredo M. Seales, Dem. 
Tom. S. Ashe, Dem. 
Gugl. M. Robbins, Dem. 
Roberto B. Vance Dem. 
Ohio. 

Milton Savler, Dem. 

H. B. Banning, lnd. * 
Giov. S. Savage, Dem. 
Giov. A. McMahon, Dem. 
Americo G. Rice, Dem. 
Franc. H. Hard, Dem. 
Lorenzo E. Neal Dem. 
Gugl. Lawrence Rep. 

E. F. Poppleton, Dem. 
Carlo Foster, Rep. 

Giov. L. Vance, Dem. 
Ansel T. Walling, Dem. 
Milton I. Southard, Dem. 
Giacob. P. Cowan, Dem. 

N. H. Wan Vorhees, Rep 
Lorenzo Danford, Rep. 
L. D. Woodworth, Rep. 
Giac. Monroe, Rep. 

Giac. A. Garfield. Rep.’ 
Enrico B. Paine, Dem. 






istr 

1 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

19 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

29 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

1 

2 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 


YADE MECUM. 


49 


Oregon. 

Layayette Lane, Dem. 

P ensilvania. 
Chapman Freeman, Rep. 
Carlo O’Neill Rep. 
Samuele J. Randall, Dem. 
Gugl. D. Kelley Rep. 
Giov. Robbins, Dem. 
Wash Townsend, Rep. 
Alan Wood Giov, Rep. 
Hiester Clymer, Dem. 

A. Herr Smith, Rep. 

W. Mutchler, Dem. 
Franc. D. Collins, Dem. 
W. W. Ketchum, Rep. 
Giac. B. Reilly, Dem. 
Giov. B. Pocker, Rep. 
Gius. Powell, Dem.’ 
Sobiesky Ross, Rep. 
Giov. Reilly, Dem. 

W. S. Stenger, Dem. 
Levi Maish, Dem. 

L. A. Mackey, Dem. 
Giacob. Turney, Dem. 
Giac. H. Hopkins, Dem. 
Ales. G. Cochrane Dem. 
Giov. G. Wallace, Rep. 
Giorg. A. Jenks, Dem. 
Giac. Sheakley, Dem. 
Alberto G. Egbert, Dem. 

Rhode Island. 

Ben. T. Fames, Rep. 
Latimer W. Ballou, Rep. 

Carolina del Sad. 

J. H. Rainey, Rep. 

E. G. M. Mackey, Ind. 
Salomone L. Hoge Rep. 
Ales. S. Wallace, Rep. 

R. Smalls (negro) Rep. 
Tennessee. 

Gugl. McFarland, Dem. 
G. M. Thornburg, Dem. 
Giorg. G. Dibrell, Dem. 
Giov. M. Bright, Dem. 
Giov. F. House, Dem. 

G. C. Whittorne, Dem. 
Giov. D. C. Atkins, Dem. 

5 


Disti'etto. 


8 

9 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 
9 

1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 


G. P. Caldwell, Dem. 

H. Casey Young, Dem. 

Texas. . 

Giov. R. Reagan, Dem. 
D. B. Culberson, Dem. 

J. M. Throckmorton, Dem 
Roger L. Mills, Dem. 
Giov. Hancock, Dem. 
Gust. Schleischer, Dem. 
Vermont. 

Carlo H. Joyce, Rep. 

D. C. Denison, Ind. 
Giorg. G. Hendee, Rep. 
Virginia. 

B. B. Douglas, Dem. 
Giov. Goode, Dem. 
Gilbert C. Walker Dem. 
W. H. H. Stowell, Rep. 
Giorg. C. Cabell, Dem. 
Giov. R. Tucker Dem. 
Giov. T. Harris, Dem. 
Eppa Hunton, Dem. 
Gugl. Terry, Dem. 

Virginia Occidental. 
Beniamino Wilson, Dem. 
Carlo C. Faulkner, Dem. 
j Franc. Hereford, Dem. 
Visconsin. 

Carlo C. Williams Rep. 

L. B. Caswell, Rep. 

Enr. S. Magoon, Rep. 
Gugl. Pitt Lynde, Dem. 
Sam. D. Burchard, Dem. 
Alanson M.Kimball, Rep 
Geremia M. Rusk, Rep. 
Giorg. G. Cate, Dem. 
Deleg ati dei Terri tor hi. 

Arizona. 

H. S. Stevens, Rep. 
Colorado. 

T. M. Patterson, Rep. 
Dakota. 

J. P. Bidder Rep. 

Idaho. 

T. G. Bennett, Rep. 
Montana. 

M. Magiunis, Rep. 












50 


YADE MECUM 


Distretto. 

Nuovo Messico. 

S. B. Elkins, Rep. 
Utah. 

C. Q. Cannon, Rep. 

Washington. 
O. Jacobs, Rep. 

Wyoming. 

G. R. Steele, Ren. 


Distretto. 


172. Democratici, 

105. Repubblicani, 

12. Indipendenti, Rifor- 
misti, Liberali, Repub- 
! blicatii. 

2. Vacant!. 

II 5 Distretto della Lui- 
siana in contesto. 


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VADE lMECUM. 


51 


TARIFF A DELLE LETTERE, YAGLIA ETC. 

La susseguente tavola indica la tariffa delle lettere; come pure 
la tassa postale sui giornali, libri, opuseoli e tutti gli oggetti da 
potersi spedire per la posta a e da tutti i differenti luoghi degli 
Stati Uniti. 


LETTERE 

Ciascuna 
4 oncia 

Lettere per qualsiasi parte degli Stati Uniti 

Lettere impostate nella citta per essere distribute nel- 

3 Soldi 

la stessa cittA .. 

2 Soldi 

Carte postali per qualsiasi luogo degli Stati Uniti 

1 Soldo 


ciascuna 

(1) Le lettere assicurate debbono pagare dieci soldi in 
pib dell’ affrancamento. 



LIBRI, GIORNALI ISOLATI, MERCANZ1E, ETC. 


Libri, circolari ed altre carte stampate (inclusi i gior- 
uali di passaggio, ossia non appartenenti a regolari 
abbonati) sementi, incisioni, bulbi, radici, rampolli in 
pacclietti non eccedenti il peso di quattro libbre, per 
ciascun’oncia o f'razione di essa .... 
Mercanzie e campioni in pacchi non eccedenti 4 libbre 
di peso per ciascun oncia o frazione di essa 
Giornali, circolari, e periodici non eccedenti 2 oncie 
in peso, depositati per essere distribuiti in citta 


Sorpassando 2 oncie 


1 Soldo 
1 Soldo 

1 Soldo 
ognuno 

2 Soldi 
ognuno 


Ogni oggetto non pagato anticipato a tariffa di lettere dev’ es¬ 
sere cost ravvolto da potere essere esaminato senza d-istruggere 
l’involto, e non deve contenere, nb esternamente, nb internamente 
alcuna scrittura tranne 1’ indirizzo, pero i campioni potranno 
essere numerati per corrispondere con i numeri di apposita let- 
tern che li descriva. 

Yetri, liquidi, veleni, oggetti esplosivi, o pericolosi sono ec- 
cettuati. 
















52 


VADE MECUM. 


TARIFF A dei giornali■, magazzini e periodici per gli ab- 
bonati. 

La Tariffa su tuiti i giornali e pubblicazioni periodiche, irnpo- 
state da un ujjicio di pubblicazione ben conosciuto , o nuova 
agenzia, e diretti a regolari sottoscrittori, o nuovi agenti, b la 
seguente: 

Su giornali e periodici quotidiani e settimanali, e su giornali o 
periodici pubblicati piti di una volta per settimana 2 soldi per 
ciascuna libbra o frazione di essa. 

Su giornali o periodici pubblicati meno frequentemente di una 
volta per settimana; tre soldi per libbra o frazione di essa. 

VAG LI A PO STALL 

La tariffa sui vaglia, negli Stati Uniti e la seguente: Non ecce- 
dente $15, dieci soldi; al di sopra di $20 fino a 30, 15 soldi; da 
$30 a $40, venti soldi; da $40 a $50, venticinque soldi. Non si 
tiene conto alcuno delle frazioni di soldi. 

Yaglia postali per l’lnghilterra e la Svizzera. Non sorpas- 
santi $10, venticinque soldi; da $10 a $20, cinquanta soldi; da 
$20 a $30, settantacinque soldi; da $30 a $40, un dollaro; da $40 
a 50, un dollaro e venticinque soldi. 

Yaglia postali per l’AHemagna: Non eccedenti $5, quindici 
soldi; da $5 a $10, venticinque soldi; da $10 a $20, cinquanta 
soldi; da $30 a 40, un dollaro; da $40 a $50, un dollaro e venti- 
cinque soldi. 

Vaglia postali pel Canada: Non eccedenti $10, venti soldi; da 
$10 a $20, quaranta soldi; da $20 a $30, sessanta soldi; da $30 a 
$40, ottanta soldi; da $40 a $50, un dollaro. 


VADE MECUM. 


53 


TARIFF A POSTALI PER I DIFFERENTI 

Stati Esteri. 

II qu\ annesso quadro indica le tariffe sulle lettere e giornali 
impostati per i diversi Stati Esteri nominati alfabeticamente. 


LETTERE 


Non 

eccedente 
i oncia 


Fogli 

periodi- 

ci. 


Allemagna, via Unione Allemanna Settentrio- , 
Dale 

Aspinwall ....... 

Austria ........ 

Australia, via S. Francesco .... 

“ via Inghilterra .... 

“ via Brindisi. 

Belgio. 

Bermuda via New York .... 

Brasile, via diretta 

Canada, Nuova Scozia, Terranova 

Capo di Buona Speranza .... 

Chili, Bolivia, Equatore e Peru 

China, via Southampton .... 

Confederazione Argentina .... 

Danimarca . . 

Francia . . . . . 

Giappone, via S. Francesco .... 
Hong Kong, Canton, Swatow, Amoy e . 
Foochow, via S. Francesco 
Inghilterra ed Irlanda ..... 
Indie Orientali, via di S. Francesco 
“ “ via d’ Inghilterra 

“ “ via Brindisi .... 

Indie Occidentali, via diretta 

“ (Inglesi) via S. Tommaso ed Avana 

Italia, via d’ Inghilterra. 

Liberia 

Messico .. 

Norvegia e Svezia ...... 

Olanda ...... 

Portogallo, via di Southampton . 

Russia, via d’ Inghilterra .... 

Shanghai, via S. Francesco .... 

Spagna ....•••• 

Svizzera . .. 

Turehia, Siria, etc. via d’ Inghilterra . 
Venezuola, con pacchetto Americano . 
Venezuola, con pacchetto Inglese . 


*5 soldi 
5 
*5 
5 
15 
21 
*5 


2 

2 

2 

2 

4 

8 

2 


5 

15 

3 

*27 

17 

*27 

23 

*5 

5' 

15 


2 

3 
! 

1 

4 
4 
4 
4 

2 
2 
4 


10 

*5 

10 

*21 

*27 

5 

13 

*5 

*15 

10 

*5 

*5 

*5 

*5 

5 

5 

*5 

*5 

10 

5 


2 

2 

2 

4 

8 

2 

4 

2 

4 

3 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

3 

2 


5* 



















54 


VADE MECUM. 


L’asterisco indica die la tassa pud essere o no pagata all’atto 
d’irapostazione, a bene placito dello speditore. 

La tassa dei giornali pel Canada e eguale a quella per gli 
Stati Uniti. 


Carte postal! per gli Stati Esteri. 

Le carte postali Amerieane con 1’ aggiunta di un francobollo 
del valore di un soldo possono essere spedite aipaesi susseguen- 
ti: Olanda, Moldavia, Montenegro, Terranuova, Norvegia, Polo- 
gna, Portogallo, Romania, Russia, Servia, Spagna, Svezia, 
Svizzera, Austria, Belgio, Danimarca, Egitto, Allemagna, In- 
ghilterra, lrlanda, Grecia, Groenlandia, Francia, Italia, Turchia 
e Yallacchia. 

(1.) Degno di lode h il rnetodo di consegnare alio speditore 
non solo la ricevuta postale della lettera assicurata; ma ancora 
dopo il tempo necessario la propria ricevuta dell’ individuo al 
quale la lettera b stata diretta. 

La prima raccolta delle lettere nelle cassette postali sparse 
per tutta la citta, viene fatta alle ore 8 a. m. e l’ultima alle 7, 30 
p. m. Le lettere gettate nelle dette cassette dopo le ore 7, 30 
sono raccolte solo il giorno susseguente. La Domenica ha luogo 
una sola raccolta, quella, ciok, delle ore 7, 30 p. m. 

Tariffe Telegrafiche. 

L’uso di servirsi del telegrafo essendo diventato parte dei no- 
stri affari, noi diamo per comodo di tutti i visitatori la tariffa dei 
telegrammi per i principali luoghi degli Stati Uniti, e all’Estero. 
Da Filadelfia a Nuova York, 30 soldi; a Baltimore, 30 soldi; a 
Washington, 40 soldi; ad Harrisburg, 25 soldi, per dieci parole, 
e clue soldi per ciascuna parola supplementaria. 

Per Boston e tutti gli Stati della Nuova Inghilterra 50 soldi 
per le prime dieci parole, e tre soldi per ciascuna parola ad- 
dizionale. 

Per Pittsburg 40 soldi. 

Per Siracusa, N. Y. 50 soldi, per dieci parole, e tre soldi per 
ciascuna parola in pih. Per Buffalo, Rochester N. Y. e Rich¬ 
mond, Virginia, 75 soldi per le prime dieci parole, e 5 soldi per 
ciascuna in pih. 

Per Cincinnati, Chicago, Luisville, Toledo, Detroit e Iudia- 
napoli $1 per le prime dieci parole, e 7 soldi per ogni parola in piu. 

Per S. Luigi, Nashville, e Montgomery, Alabama, $1. 25, per 
le prime dieci parole, ed otto soldi per ciascuna parola susse¬ 
guente : 

Per Milvaukee, $1. 10, le prime dieci parole e sette soldi, per 
ciascuna successiva. 


VABE MECUM. 


55 


Per Mobile, Selma, Alabama e Menphis, $1. 50. le prime dieci 
parole, e 10 soldi ciascuna susseguente. 

. p er Nuova Orleans, $2. 00 le prime dieci parole, e 13 soldi 
ciascuna successiva. 

Per S. Francesco, $2. 50, per dieci parole, e 17 soldi per ogni 
successiva. 

Per Montreal, Canada, $1. 05, le prime dieci parole, e 7 ciascu- 
scuna susseguente. 

Per S. John, N. E. $1. 25, le prime dieci, ed otto soldi cia¬ 
scuna susseguente. 

Avana o Cuba, $5. 40, oro, per le prime dieci parole, e 40 soldi 
per ciascuna successiva. 

Nella spedizione di dispacci per gli Stati Unitie Canada gl’in- 
dirizzi tanto della persona che spedisce, che della persona a cui 
b spedito, non vengono contati. 

Nello spedire telegrammi sottomarini ogni parola, inclnso 
l’indirizzo e la sottoscrizione, viene contata. 

Da Filadelfia a qualsiasi parte della Gran Brettagna, 53 soldi 
per parola, pagabili in oro, o suo equivaleute: 

Per la" Francia, la tariffa 6 eguale a quella dell’ Inghilterra, 
con l’eccezione che il luogo dal quale il telegramma e spedito de- 
v’essere inserito; in modo che qualunque telegramma corto o 
lungo deve pagare 53 soldi di ph\ del telegramma spedito per la 
Gran Brettagna. 

Per tutti iseguenti luoghi, in addizione ai 53 soldi per parola, 
il prezzo per qualunque venti parole, o frazioni di esse, e come 
segue: Per 1’ Allemagna, 1. 10, per la Svizzera, $1. 46, per l’Au- 
stria e l’Ungheria, $1. 50, per la Spagna e la Svezia, $1. 75, per 
la Norvegia, $1. 80; per 1’ Italia, $1. 88, per la Russia, $2. 50. 
per Yeddo e Giappone, $42. 62, e per Hong Kong, $30. 00. 


Descrizione Generale della Citta di Filadelfia. 

La citta di Filadelfia, quale fu fabbricata da Guglielmo Penn, 
comprendeva solo quella porzione dell’attuale citta situata fra il 
Mezzogiorno e la contrada Vine, ed i due fiumi Delaware e 
Schuylkill. Fattorie e case furono fabbricate al di la di questi li- 
miti e nel corso del tempo esse addivennero separatamente unite, 
ed ebbero separati governi formando cost una congerie di cittA e 
distretti, i quali all’estero erano conosciuti col nome generico di 
Filadelfia. Alcuni di questi f'abbricati erano in vicinanza della 
citt& propriamente detta, come Soutwark e Moyamensing al 
Mezzogiorno, le Liberty Settentrionali (Northern liberties) Ken¬ 
sington, Spring Garden ed il distretto di Penn, al Settentrione 
ed Occidente formando tutti in continuity una sola citta. Oltre 
di questi esisteva un numero di altre esterne citta, villaggi e fat¬ 
torie un poco piu lontane dalla fabbricata citta. Tra questi si 
contavano Bridesburg, Frankford, Holmesbnrg, le Settentrionali 



56 


VADE MECUM. 


Liberty non incorporate, il Porto di Richmond, Nicetown, Ri¬ 
sing Sun, Fox Chase, Germantown, l’eminenza di Chestnut, Ma- 
nayunk, Roxborough, le cascate dello Schuylkill, la non incorpo- 
rata cittd di Penn, Francisville, il villaggio di Hamilton, Mantua, 
Bloekley, Kingsessing e Passyunk. Alcuni di questi luoghi ven- 
nero assorbiti nell’estensione delle strade, della congerie di citta, 
dalle quali Filadelfia era composta, e nel 1854 esse furono tutte 
agglomerate e comprese in un solo governo municipale; i confini 
del quale ooincidevano con quelli dell’antica contea di Filadelfia. 
Nei tempi primitivi alcuni di questi distretti avevano distinte 
caratteristiche, queste pero per la pifi parte sono scomparse. 

Southwark, che si trovava dirimpetto al flume, rimarcavasi, 
per i vasti magazzini di legna per provvedere il fuoco, prima che 
l’uso del carbone antracito fosse cominciato, per i recinti di le- 
gname adoperato dai construttori di barche ed alberi, e per la 
construzione dei bastimenti. La piu grande parte delle case di 
Southwark erano abitate da capitani di bastimenti e marinaj, e 
fino ad un epoca non molto lontana la sua popolazione compo- 
nevasi delle famiglie di uomini di mare. I magazzini delle legna, 
ed i construttori di bastimenti sono emigrati in altri luoghi, e Ia¬ 
dov’ essi erano situati, vedonsi oggi magazzini di commercio, 
immense raffinerie di zucchero, magazzini e depositi dello stesso 
articolo, di melasse, di tut’ti gli oggetti provenienti dalle Indie 
occidentali, grandi depositi di granaglie, elevatori e scali della 
via ferrata di Pensilvania, sbarcatoj e depositi delle compagnie 
dei battelli a vapori. Questo distretto fu pure distinto per gli 
estensivi lavoratoj di macchiue e manifatture di ferro apparte- 
nenti a Merrick, Morris, Tasker, Savery ed altri. Tutto 1’ anti- 
co Southwark e oggi compreso nei distretti primo, secondo, terzo 
e quarto. 

11 villaggio delle Liberta Settentriouali, ebbe pure i suoi im- 
mensi magazzini di legname lungo la prospettiva del flume. Essi 
sono quasi del tutto scomparsi cedendo il posto a mercati per i 
prodotti della campagna, magazzini commerciali, stazioni di fer- 
rovie, depositi e rnoli pei bastimenti. Questo distretto special- 
mente nella seconda via fu caratterizzato per i suoi depositi pel 
commercio all’iugrosso di butirro, uova, carni, legumi ed altri 
prodotti delle circonvicine fattorie. Anche oggi si vedono alcu- 
ne delle belle taverne di mercato e dei vasti cortili per i prodotti, 
rna questi loro caratteri sono scomparsi con l’estendersi della 
cittA 

Molto prima della riunione delle Liberta Settentrionali alia 
cittA, la seconda strada era famosa per i suoi superbi magazzini 
di vendita al dettaglio, e la terza strada era il luogo di riunione 
di un vasto commercio all’ingrosso di spezierie, provvigioni e 
cuojami. Attualmente la seconda strada su quasi tutta la sua 
lunghezza b adorna conuna doppia fila di magazzini di dettaglio, 


VAI)E MECUM. 57 

che si estendono, non solo dovo primaerano le liberty Settentrio- 
nali, maancora permiglia al di qua, e al di lti. 

Pegg’s Run, e Cohocksink Creek che scorrono a traverse le 
Liberty Settentrionali erano i luoglii di grandi concerie. Una 
delle primitivi filande dell’ industriadi Filadelfia, l’antica filanda 
del Globo trovavasi vicino o nella linea delle Liberta settentrio¬ 
nali. Un moderno carattere delle antiche liberta, Settentrionali 
b quello degli abitanti, i quali per la maggior parte sono Tede- 
sc.lii o di origine Alemanna. Le Liberty Settentrionali abbrac- 
ciavano quanto oggi e compreso nei distretti decimo primo, 
duodecimo e decimosesto. 

Kensington era un distretto occupato nella construzione dei 
bastimenti e barche, ed una considerevole porzione dei suoi an- 
tichi abitanti era composta di pescatori fornitori dei mercati. 
Col tempo Kensington pure comincio ad occuparsi di manifat- 
ture di ferro ed acciajo, della construzione delle macchine a 
vapore, ed il loro progresso pub vedersi nella vastiti\ degli opi- 
ficii che oggi sono in operazione. Kensington abbraccia i di¬ 
stretti decimosesto, decimosettimo e decimottavo. 

II distretto di Spring Garden, che oggi b rimarchevole non solo 
per le vaste manifatture di quasi tutte le sorta, fra cui l’immensa 
fabbrica di locomotive di Baldwin, ed il lavoratojo chimico dei 
Signori Powers e Weightman, ma ancora per le sue bellissime 
case, era nel tempo antico uno dei subborghi pih piacevoli di 
Filadelfia ed il centro delle dimore dell’ antica compagnia dei 
maeellaj e fornitori di vettovaglie. La essi avevano i loro depo¬ 
sit di bestie ed i loro macelli, alcuni dei quali ancora esistono. 
Il vecchio distretto 6 oggi pure uno dei quartieri pih belli della 
cittiie forma i distretti decimoterzo, decimoquarto e decimo- 
quinto. 

Port Richmond, che occupa il prospetto del fiume Delaware 
al Settentrione e Nordovest del vecchio Kensington comincio ad 
acquistare evidenza con lo stabilimento della stazione della 
Compagnia della ferrovia di Reading, e col suo immenso ma- 
rittimo commercio di carbone. Questo stabilimento produsse 
l’ammiglioramento delle terre improduttive che si trovavano 
nelle vicinanze; dappoiche gli scali di bastimenti, i deposit! di 
carbone, le officine delle macchine, i lavoratoj, gli ufficii etc. fu- 
rono accompagnati e seguiti da un grande aumentodi popolazio- 
ne, dall’erezione di case, da grande attivita, e da rapido progres¬ 
so. Il distretto deve la sua origine al commercio del carbone ed 
oggi e il centro di un commercio manifatturiero, che ha pochi a 
lui superiori o rivali in tutti gli Stati Uniti. 

Distretti e villaggi una volta, circonvicini a Filadelfia. Tutti 
gli altri distretti e villaggi oggi incorporati nella citta, cioe, le 
non incorporate Liberta Settentrionali, Nicetown, Rising Sun, 
Penn District, Francisville, villaggip di Hamilton, Mantua, Block- 
ley, Kingsessing, Passyunk e Moyamensing furono fabbricati in 


58 


YADE MECUM. 


tale maniera, che oggi di fatto sono la citta. Tutti i distretti e 
villaggi all’ occidente del tiume Schuylkill, compresovi il vente- 
simo quarto e ventesimo settimo distretto, ma popolannente co- 
nosciuti sotto il nome di Filadelfia Occidentale, sono passati da 
villaggi di campagna in subburbani porzioni della citta, e quantun- 
que essi ancora sono adorni di splendide case con coltivati giar- 
dini, pure sono stati invasi dall’inevitabile fila di case di mattoni. 
Frankford, Holmesburg, Bridesburgh, Manayunk, Germantown, 
Chestnut Hill e Roxborough, si trasformano del pari, ma pifl. 
lentamente. A parte le case occupate permanentemente, sonovi 
molte residenze di estate di commercianti e tutti, ad eccezione 
di Chestnut Hill posseggono stabilimenti manifatturieri alcuni 
dei quali di una grande importanza. Roxborough e Chestnut 
Hill occupano la.pid elevata piattaforma della citta e sono piene 
di bellissime case di campagna. Il villaggio di Schuylkill con- 
tiene uno delle piu grandi manifatture di droghe, diverse fabbri¬ 
che di tappeti, ed altre ultimamente cominciate. 

Il prospetto del flume della citta e molto esteso e contiene una 
grande variety d’industrie. Sulla foce del Delaware a Bridesburg, 
trovasi l’arsenale degli Stati Uniti, vicino al banco ed al mezzo- 
giorno di Bridesburg esiste una grande manifattura per il bru- 
ciamento delle ossa e la fabbrica della colla. A Richmond tro- 
vansi i caricatoj pel carbone della Compagnia ferroviaria di 
Reading con miglia di rotaje lungo le quali il carbone e caricato 
su bastimenti aventi un tonnellaggio combinato piu grande del 
tonnellaggio estero del porto di Nuova York. In seguito sitro- 
vano gli opificii di ferro, i cortili di legno per la construzione dei 
bastimenti, ed i magazzini di Kensington e delle Liberta Setten- 
trionali. Gli sbarcatoj dirimpetto alia vecchia citta sono princi- 
palmente destinati al commercio delle provigioni e spezierie, ai 
mercati dei prodotti della campagna, pesce, ostriche, agli sbar¬ 
catoj per i battelli a vapore che scorrono il flume. Pih lontane 
sono le grandi raffinerie di zucchero, i bacini, i magazzini e sbar¬ 
catoj per il commercio delle Indie Occidental^ i depositi e scali 
della ferrovia di Pensilvania e delle Compagnie di battelli a va¬ 
pore della Stella Rossa ed Americana. L’arsenale della marina, 
i depositi di carbone e di petrolio della ferrovia di Pensilvania 
ed il nuovo arsenale all’ Isola della lega. Passando alia punta 
dell’ Isola della lega e seguitando il flume di Schuylkill, si tro- 
vano i grandi magazzini di grauo della Compagnia Pensilvania, 
le fabbriche del gas, i principali depositi di marmo estero e nazio- 
nale e la vendita del carbone. I magazzini sono situati precisa- 
mente al mezzogiorno del ponte della strada Chestnut che e il 
lirnite Settentrionale della navigazione per i bastimenti che si 
recano al mare seguendo il corso dello Schuylkill. Al di sopra 
di questo ponte trovansi grandi lavoratoj di gesso e sulla sponda 
orientale i lavori di gas della citta, i macelli ed i depositi di 
mercanzie della ferrovia Pensilvania. Sulla sponda Occidentale 


VADE MECUM. 


59 


al di la di Fairmount per una distanza di cinque miglia, il flume 
Schuylkill corre a traverso il parco di Fairmount, pero alle ca- 
scate dello Schuylkill le industrie cominciano di bel nuovo,e di qui 
fino alia fine superiore del Manajunk si trovano filande per le 
quali il flume fornisce l’acqua necessaria. 

La via Broad, abbenchb oggi sia in uno stato provvisorio pure 
in riguardo alia sua situazione, alia sua larghezza, ed agli ammi- 
glioramenti gia eseguiti e una delle pifl belle strade maestre della 
cittii. Al Settentrione del viale di Fairmount, ed al mezzoffiorno 
del viale di Washington sonovi bellissime chiese e residenze, av- 
vicinandosi pill o meno alia via Spruce si trovano private abita- 
zioni. Fra questi accennati punti la strada una volta destinata 
ai magazzini e depositi di carbone h ancora in quello stato prov¬ 
visorio proprio di tutti quei luoghi, ove fabbriche, grandi alber- 
ghi, pubblici edifizii, chiese, depositi di carbone, piccole 
case e splendidi palazzi, sono mescolate senz’ordine alcuno. 

Le case della citta, delle case, sono degne di essere visitate. 
Esse contengono da quattro a venti camere, e le case moder- 
ne di qualunque dimensione, sono fornite di gas, acqua calda 
e fredda, e riscaldatoj. Nella maggior parte trovasi pure la 
camera per i bagni. Ogni camera b privatae vi si giunge per 
la strada a traverso cortili, ed ogni camera h ariosa e bene 
illuminata. Piccoli corti e giardini sono aggiunti a tutte le 
case e privati corridoj dalla strada conducono alia corte. Le 
case sembrano essere tutte sullo stesso modello, ma realmente 
esistono quattro o cinque differenti disegni per ciascun interno 
adornamento. I disegni sui quali sono fabbricate di mano in 
mano ammigliorati sembrano essere giunti alia perfezione della 
semplicity, modicita di prezzo, convenienza e conforto. Sono 
fabbricate in fila per economia nell’uso delle mura di divisione 
e sugli ultimi anni 1’ oppressiva uniformity del loro aspetto 
esterno e stata rotta con adottare Y uso di pietre colorite in- 
vece del marmo bianco e con leggermente dipingere i lavori di 
legno. 

Il migliore campione della moderna Filadelfia pud vedersial 
Settentrione della via Girard, aH’Occidente della nona strada e 
nelle parti australi della citta. Molte delle case di Filadelfia 
sono propriety di coloro che le abitano. 11 sistema di dare de- 
naro a prestito sul terreno che prevalse una volta, ajuto molto 
gli operaj a comprare le loro case, e negli ultimi anni le socie¬ 
ty di prestito sui fabbricati hanno del pari permesso amigliaja 
di persone di comprare le loro case e pagarle un poco alia 
volta per mezzo di uno dei migliori sistemi di cooperazione. 


Vie di Filadelfia. 

La piu grande porzione della citta e fabbricata in paralello- 
grammi, con le strade situate ad angol retti. rendendo taci- 



60 


VADE MECUM. 


lissimo il sistema della nnmerazione delle ease. Le case nolle 
contrade che si prolungano nella direzione del Levante a Po- 
nente sono numerate per centinaja comineiando dalla via 
Fronte prossima al fiume Delaware. Le case a Mezzogiorno 
hanno numeri pari, quelle al Settentrione numeri impari. Co- 
si, per esempio, su] lato Settentrionale della via Chestnut co- 
minciando alia sestavia e dirigendosi all’Occidente. i numeri pro- 
gressivi sono 601. 603 etc. Sul lato Meridionale invece trovansi 
i numeri 600. 602. AH’ angolo della settima strada i numeri 
cominciano al 700 e cost di seguito ogni successiva strada co- 
mincia il suo proprio centinajo. 

La strada del Mercato b presa quale linea di separazione fra 
il Nord e Sud per numerare le case nelle vie che dal Nord si di- 
rigono al Sud. I numeri pari trovansi sul lato occidentale di tali vie 
mentre invece i numeri dispari trovansi sul lato orientale. Il 
numero 1 del Nord e numero 1 del Sud cominciano alia via del 
Mercato. Numero 100 Nord comincia alia via Arch, la prima 
strada importante al Nord della via Market; il numero 100 Sud 
comincia alia via Chestnut, la principale strada al mezzogiorno 
della via Market. I susseguenti sono i nomi delle vie paralelle 
alia via Market. I numeri posti al lato di oguuna indicano il 
numero dato alle case al Nord e Sud della via, alia quale b con- 
giunto. Le strade le quali non hanno numeri proprii sono strade 
strette o corte situate tra i principali viali o strade. 


N.° 

Nord 

N.° 

Sud 

1 

Market, Filbert. 

1 

Market, Jayne. 

— 

Commerce, Church. 

■— 

Merchant, Minor. 

100 

Arch, Cherry. 

100 

Chestnut, Sansom. 

200 

Race, Branch, New. 

— 

Library, Dock. 

300 

Vine, Wood. 

200 

Walnut, Locust. 

400 

Callowhill, Willow. 

300 

Spruce, Union. 

— 

Noble, Margaretta. 

400 

Pine. 

500 

Buttonwood. 

500 

Lombard, Gaskill. 

— 

Spring Garden. 

600 

South. 

600 

Green. 

700 

Bainbridge. 

— 

Mount Vernon. 

— 

Monroe. 

— 

Viale di Wallace, Melon. 

— 

Fitzwater, German. 

700 

Fairmount. 

800 

Catherine, Queen. 

— 

Olive. 

900 

Christian, Marrott. 

800 

Brown, Parrish. 

1000 

Carpenter. 

— 

Ogden. 

1100 

Washington. 

900 

Poplar, Laurel. 

— 

Ellsworth. 

— 

Beaver, George. 

1200 

Federal, Marion. 

1200 

Viale di Girard, Stiles. 

1300 

Wharton. 

1300 

Thompson, Seybert. 

1400 

Reed. 

1400 

Master. 

1500 

Dickinson. 

1500 

Jefferson. 

— 

Greenwich. 


VADE MECUM. 


61 


N.° 

Nord 

N.° 

Sud 

1600 

Oxford. 

1600 

Tasker. 

* 1700 

Columbia. 

1700 

Morris, Pierce. 

1800 

Viale di Montgomery. 

1800 

Moore, Siegel. 

1900 

Berks. 

1900 

Mifflin. 

2000 

Norris, Otis. 

2000 

McKean. 

2100 

Diamond. ' 

2100 

Snyder. 

2200 

Susquehanna. 

2200 

Jackson. 

2300 

Dauphin. 

2300 

Wolf. 

2400 

York. 

2400 

Ritner. 

2500 

Cumberland. 

2500 

Porter. 

2600 

Huntingdon. 

2600 

Shunk. 

2700 

Yiale di Lehig. 

2700 

Viale di Oregon. 

2800 

Somerset. 

2800 

Johnson. 

2900 

Cambria. 

2900 

Bigler. 

3000 

Indiana. 

3000 

Pollock. 

3100 

ClearHeld. 

3100 

Packer. 

3200 

Alleghany. 

3200 

Curtin. 


Piazze Pubbliche. 

Le piazze pubbliche sono bene distribute; e quantunque poco 
denaro sia stato speso per le loro decorazioni artificiali, eccetto 
dalla Society delle Fontane, pure per migliaja di persone inabili 
a recarsi nel parco, esse sono deliziosi luoghi di riposo. 

La piazza dell’lndipendenza, in cui e situata la sala dell’Indi- 
pendenza, il palazzo della Corte, il fabbricato nel quale si riunl il 
primo Congresso, gli ufficii del Sindaco ed altri pubbliei edifizii, 
e il quadrato formato. dalla quinta e sesta strada, e dalle vie di 
Chestnut e Walnut. L’anno scorso e stata rinnovata e molti al- 
beri furono abbattuti. 

La piazza di Washington fra le strade settima e sesta, Walnut 
e Locust anticamente era un cimitero per i poveri. 

La piazza di Franklin e circondata dallestrade sesta, Franklin, 
Race, e Yine. Contiene una grande Fontana, ed ? bene alberata. 

La piazza Logan trovasi tra Race, Yine, decima ottava e de- 
cima nona. 

La piazza di Rittenhouse trovasi fra Walnut, Locust, decima 
ottava e decima nona ed b circondata da eleganti private abita- 
zioni. 

Le piazze di Penn erano primieramente situate tra le vie Broad 
e Market. Il nuovo fabbricato in erezione, occupa il luogo delle 
piazze, e l’intersezione delle due vie., Un ampio viale girera al- 
l’intorno del pubblico fabbricato. 

La piazza di Norris fu regalata alia citta dal Signor IsaccoP. 
Norris. E circondata dal viale di Susquehanna e le vie di Han¬ 
cock, Diamond e Howard. 

6 



62 


VADE MECUM. 


La piazza di Jefferson trovasi fra la terza e qnarta strada, la 
via Federale ed il viale di Washington. 

Nel viale di Girard e la via di Spring Garden terreni, una volta 
occupati da mercati aperti, o preparati ad uso di mercati, sono 
stati cambiati in giardini, ed in varie parti della citta, triangolari 
pezzi di terreni formati da intersezione di vie. sono stati pure tra- 
mutati in giardini a spese dei cittadini dimoranti nelle vicinanze. 


OMNIBUS. 

La citta di Filadelfia al pari di tutte le altre cittd Americane 
e seminali di Omnibus, che tratti da cavalli percorrono le distan- 
ze su apposite rotaje di ferro. Essi apparteugono a diverse 
Gompagnie, peru per patti convenuti generalmente tutti i biglietti 
rilasciati da una Oompaguia sono buoni pure per gli omnibus 
appartenenti alle altre Gompagnie. 

11 prezzo della semplice corsa h di soldi sette per gli adulti, 
soldi quattro per i fanciulli sotto i dieci anni. Nel prendere 
quattro biglietti essi costano solo venticinque soldi, ciofe, tre soldi 
di meno. Domandando un cambio, exchange, per una strada 
non percorsa dall’omnibus in cui si e preso posto, sipagano soldi 
nove, cost percorrendo due distanze. 

Noi diamo qui i nomi delle diverse Gompagnie di omnibus, il 
colore degli stessi, il colore dei fanali che accendono la sera 
e le vie che percorrono. 

Gittadini— Decima ed unclecima strada —Gialli, con fanali 
verdi. Yanno in giii per la decima via, le vie Reed e l’undecima; 
nel ritornare in su passauoper 1’undecima, la via Diamond, la de¬ 
cima e si fermano al deposito situato all’ angolo del viale di 
Montgomery. 

Kamo dellla via Mifflin, —Gialli con fanali rossi. Passano 
per la decima, duodecima, Wharton e Mifflin. 

Impero.— Duodecima e decimasesta strada. — Gialli con fanali 
rossi. Nell’andare in gift passano per la duodecima fino a 
Wharton, quindi per la decimasettima, la via Garpenter e la 
decimasesta. In su per la decimasesta fino al viale di Montgo¬ 
mery ed al deposito situato all’angolo della duodecima. 

Frankford e Soutwark.— Quinta e sesta strada. —Gialli, 
con fanali rossi. In gib. passano pel viale di Kensington, la via 
di Fronte e quella di Berks, la sesta, la via Jackson e la 
quinta. In su prendono per la quinta, per la via Berks, la via 
di Front, il viale di Kensington fino al deposito situato al- 
l’angolo di Gumberland. 

Kamo del viale di Lehig e della via Powell. —Verdi, con 
fanali verdi. In su passano pel viale di Kensington, il viale di 
Lehig e la sesta. In giu per la sesta via, la via di Powell, * 
la quinta strada, il viale di Lehig e il viale di Kensington 
fino al deposito. 



YADE MECUM. 


63 


Linea dei vapori di Frankford.—Ramo della quinta e sesta 
via— In gift per la strada di' Frankford, pel viale di Kensing¬ 
ton e quello di Cumberland fino al deposito, ritornando per la 
stessa via. 

Germantown. — Quarta e ottava strada. —Gialli con fanali 
verdi. In giCi passano per la via Dauphin, pel viale di German¬ 
town, per la quarta, per la via Dickinson, per l’ottava, pel viale 
di Columbia, per la settima via, pel viale di Susquehanna, per 
l’ottava, fino al deposito. Nel giungere all’ottava strada questi 
omnibus divergono nella via Walnut. 

Ramo di Germantown —Gialli con fanali verdi.—Passano 
per la via Dauphin, per l’ottava, fino a Germantown, percor- 
rendo al ritorno la medesima strada. 

Ramo del male di Girard. —Gialli con fanali rossi.—Passano 
pel viale di Girard per la via di Palmer, per quella di Beach, per 
la via del Shackamaxon, pei viali di Girard, e quello di Elm, 
giungendo all’ Esposizione pel viale di Belmont. Percorrono la 
stessa strada in senso inverso al loro ritorno. 

Compagnia delle vie Green e Coates. —Verdi con fanali ros¬ 
si.—In giu dall’entrata del Parco, pel viale di Fairmouut, per 
la via Green, per la quarta, per la via Dickinson, per l’ottava. 
In su, dall’ottava al viale di Fairmount fino al Parco. 

Ogni alternato carro volta passando per la via di Walnut. 

Ramo del flume Delaware. —Carri verdi con fanali rossi —• 
In su passa per la via Beach, pel viale di Fairmount, per le vie 
ottava, quarta, Green e Beach. 

Hestonville, Mantua e Fairmount. —Gialli con fanali rossi. 
Passano pei viali di Lancaster, per la via Haverford, per la spon- 
da inferiore del ponte di Fairmount, per le vie Callowhill, vente- 
sima seconda, Race, seconda, Walnut, Dock, terza, Vine, ventesi- 
ma terza, Spring Garden, per la sponda superiore del ponte di 
Fairmount, Spring Garden, pei viali di Lancaster, e Belmont, 
e giungono fino all’Esposizione. II loro deposito trovasi, fra la 
terza via ed il viale di Lancaster. 

Ramo di Hestonville. —Verdi con fanali rossi.—Passano pel 
viale di Lancaster, per la quarantesima seconda* via e ritornano 
al deposito situato alia quarantesima terza strada ricalcando la 
stesso cammino. 

Ramo della via Arch. —Carri gialli con fanali verdi.—In gib 
per le vie Hamilton, ventesima quinta, Spring Garden, Arch, e 
seconda. Nel ritorno passano per le vie Arch, ventesima 
prima e Callowhill fermandosi al deposito, ove veugono rilasciati 
passi buoni per essere trasportati fino all’ Esposizione. 

Vie di Lombard e South. —Carri gialli con fanali rossi.—In 
gib. passano per le vie Lombard, Front e Dock, pel viale di De¬ 
laware, ritornando sopra per le vie Dock, Front e South fino al 
deposito situato all’angolo delle vie ventesima quinta e South. 

Rami Merioionali. —Carri rossi con fanali verdi.—Dal depo- 


G4 


VADE MECUM. 


sito passano per la via tredicesima ed il viale di Snyder, lungo il 
detto viale fino alia duodecima, per le vie Dickinson, ottava, 
Christian, quarta, Lombard, quarta e South, pel viale di Passa- 
yunk, per la via Mifflin, duodecima, pel viale di Snyder e per la 
via Broad. 

Manayunk e Roxborough. —Pel viale di Ridge dal Barren 
Hill fino alia stazione di Wissahickon nel Norristown sul ramo 
della via ferrata di Reading, ritornando per lo stesso itinerario. 

CittA di Filadelfia. — Vie di Chestnut e Walnut. —Carri ver- 
di con fanali rossi, dal deposito della quarantesima seconda per 
Chestnut fino alia via Front; e nel ritorno per la via Walnut fino 
alia ventesima seconda e per la via Chestnut fino al deposito 
della quarantesima seconda. 

Ramo del parco di Fairmonnt. —Gialli con fanali marroni.— 
In gift pei viali di Belmont e Lancaster alia trentesima seconda, 
per le vie Chesnut, Front, Walnut, e ventesima seconda. Chest¬ 
nut, trentesima seconda; pei viali di Lancaster e di Belmont al 
deposito che trovasi in vicinanza del Parco e dell' Esposizione. 

Ramo di Darby. —Carri rossi con fanali bianchi.—Dalla stra- 
da di Darby pel viale di Woodland, le vie Chestnut, Front, 
Walnut, ventesima seconda, Chestnut, pel viale di Woodland, 
e per la strada di Darby. Nel ritorno passano per lo stesso iti¬ 
nerario. 

Ramo del monte Moriah .—Carri azzurri con fanali bianchi. 
L’ itinerario e lo stesso di quelli sopradetti fino al Monte 
Moriah. 

Philadelphia e Gray's Ferry. —Vie di Spruce e Pine.—Carri 
bianchi con fanali rossi.—Borsa per le vie seconda, Pine, vente¬ 
sima terza, alia strada di Grey’s Ferry, al ponte di Gray’s Ferry; 
ritornano alia borsa per le strade di Grey’s Ferry, Christian, 
ventesima seconda, Spruce, terza, e Walnut. Il deposito trovasi 
alia strada ventesima terza e Spruce. 

Ramo del Parco di Fairmount. L’ antecedente fino alia via 
ventesima terza, quindi per le vie Callowhill, ventesima quinta 
e Green all’entrata del Parco. Nel ritorno passano per la vente¬ 
sima quinta via, quella di Hamilton, e la ventesima seconda, 
riprendendo qui l’itinerario degli omnibus precedenti. 

Popolo. — Via di Callowill. —Carri gialli—Dali’ entrata del 
Parco alle vie Biddle, ventesima quarta, Callowhill, Front, e 
Vine, il viale di Delaware, ritornando lungo la via Vine, il viale 
di York, la via Callowhill, il flume Schuylkill e 1’ entrata del 
Parco. 

Viale di Ridge.— Carrozze gialle, con fanali rossi. — Gih per 
le vie Ridge, decima, Arch e seconda, ritornando per le vie 
Arch, nona ed il viale di Ridge fino al deposito situato nelle 
vie trentesima seconda e Ridge di fronte alia porta Orientale 
del Parco. 

Manayunk.— Carrozze gialle, con bandiere azzurre e fanali 


VADE MECUM. 


65 


ross:.—In tempo di estate partono reciprocamente dalle vie terza 
ed Arch ad ogni quarto di ora, per il viale di Ridge, senza cam- 
biamento di carrozza Nei mesi di Gennajo, Febbrajo e Marzo, 
gli omnibus partono dal deposito per Manayunk ogni venti mi- 
nuti. 

Seconda e terza strada. —Garri bianchi, con fanali verdi. 
Dal viale di Franklin per le vie Jefferson, seconda, Mifflin, e 
terza, pel viale di Germantown per le vie Oxford, Front e Amber 
fino al deposito. 

Ramo di Frankford. —Carrozze bianche, con bandiera rossa, 
e fanali verdi. —Via Frankford, via Paul fermandosi alia via 
Arrott. Nel ritorno percorrendo la via Main fino al viale di 
Frankford, giungono al deposito situato all’ angolo del viale di 
Lehig. 

Ramo del Northern Penn. —Carri verdi con fanali mela- 
ranci.—Dal viale di Frankford per le vie di Huntingdon, Coral, 
Cumberland, Emerald, Dauphin, seconda, Dock, terza, Brown, 
Beach e Manderson, pel viale di Frankford, quello di Girard per 
le vie di Norris e Richmond, e pel viale di Lehigh fino al de¬ 
posito, situato all’ angolo di Edgemont. 

Ramo di Richmond. —Carri rossi con fanali rossi.—Pei viali 
di Lehig, Frankford, per le vie di Manderson, Beach e Laurel, 
per i viali di Delaware e Fairmount, per le vie seconda, Dock, 
terza, Brown, Beach e Mand.erson, pei viali di Frankford e 
Girard, per le vie Norris e Richmond, pel viale Lehig, al deposito 
situato all’ angolo della via Edgemont. 

Ramo di Brideshurg. —Bianchi con fanali bianchi.—Dal viale 
di Lehig per le vie Richmond, Bridge eWashington; ritornando al 
deposito col medesimo itinerario in senso inverso. 

Ramo della via Front. —Bianchi.—Dal viale di Fairmount, gib 
pel mercato nuovo, per le vie Vine, Front e Chestnut, percor¬ 
rendo nel ritorno lo stesso itinerario in senso inverso. 

Ramo del viale Allegheny. —Carri gialli, con fanali bianchi. 
Dal viale di Lehig al viale di Allegheny; ritornando per la 
stessa strada in senso inverso. 

Ramo della via Cumberland. —Carri bianchi, con fanali bian-v 
chi.—Da Richmond per Cumberland e Amber. Ritorno con lo 
stesso itinerario in senso inverso. 

Vie decimosesta e decimosettima.— Carri gialli, con fanali 
rossi.—Dalla via decimanona per le vie Norris, decimasettima, 
viale di Ridge, per le vie Francis, Carpenter, decimanona al depo¬ 
sito situato nella via master. 

Vie decimoterza e decimoquinta.— Ramo del viale di Colombia. 
Carri verdi con fanali verdi.—Dalla via Carpenter per le vie 
decimoquinta e Master, pei viali di Ridge e Columbia, per le vie 
decimoterza, Carpenter e Broad' al deposito, un poco al disopra 
del viale di Washington. 

Ramo del lato memdionale della via Broad. —Gialli, con 

6 * 


66 


VADE MECUM. 


fanali rossi.—Dal deposito vicino al viale di Washington per le 
vie Broad e Wolf, ritornando perlo stesso itinerario. 

Ramo Settentrionale della via Broad. —Carri gialli, con fana¬ 
li rossi.-Da Norris per la via Broad alia giunzione della ferro- 

via di Nuova York. Ritorno con lo stesso itinerario. 

Unione. — Ramo del Parco e VArsenale. —Carri gialli con fa¬ 
nali rossi.—Dalla via Brown per le vie ventesima terza, Wallace, 
Franklin, Race, Settima, Federate, Front, Wharton, nona, Spring 
Garden, ventesima terza, e Brown all’ entrata del Parco. 

Ramo di Richmond. —Carri verdi, con fanali verdi.—Dal¬ 
la via Thompson per le vie Malborough, e Belgrade, pel 
viale di Frankford, per le vie Master, Franklin, Race e Settima, 
pel viale di Passyunk, per le vie di Ellsworth, Broad, Christian, 
nona, Spring Garden, settima, Oxford, quarta, Norris, Memphis, 
York e Thompson, al deposito situato all’angolo della via Norris. 

Ramo del viale Colombia. —Carro rosso con fanali melaran- 
ci.—Dal viale di Colombia per le vie Franklin, Race, settima, 
Market e Front. Ritornano per le vie Market, nona, Spring 
Garden e settima pel viale di Colombia al deposito nella vente¬ 
sima terza strada. 

Ramo delle vie Spring Garden e Poplar. —Un solo cavallo, 
carri rossi, con fanali rossi.—Dalla via Brown per le vie ventesi¬ 
ma terza, Wallace, ventesima seconda, Spring Garden, settima, 
Poplar e ventesima nona, all’entrata del Parco. 

Ramo della via Cedar. —Carri verdi, fanali verdi.—Dalla via 
York perle vie Cedar e Somerset a Richmond. Ritorno per la 
stesso itinerario in senso inverso. 

Ramo della via Christian. —Un sol cavallo, carri gialli, con 
fanali rossi.—Dalla via McKean per le vie nona, Ellsworth, 
ventesima terza, Christian, e settima al deposito, situato all’ango¬ 
lo della via McKean. 

Ramo della via Jefferson. —Un cavallo, carri gialli, fanali 
rossi.—Dalla ventesima quarta per le vie Jefferson Franklin, 
Thompson e Front, pel viale di Columbia, per le vie Frankin, 
Master, ventesima quarta e pel viale di Colombia, al deposito 
nella via ventesima terza. 

West. — Linea del Giardino Zoologico. —Dal cimiterio di 
Woodland situato nel viale di Baltimore, per le vie quarantesima, 
Locust e trentesima sesta, pel viale di Powelton e per la 
trentesima quinta al giardino Zoologico; ritornando per la via 
trentesima quinta, Eadline, trentesima terza, Walnut, trentesima 
sesta, Locust e trentesima ottava, pei viali di Woodland e Balti¬ 
more, fino al passaggio del ponte della via South. 

Linea del Parco di Fairmount. —Dal ponte della via Sud, per 
le vie trentesima quarta, Spruce, e trentesima ottava, pel viale 
di Lancaster, per la via quarantesima prima, pel viale Elm e 
1’ Esposizione Centenuiale, fino alia Montagna di Giorgio; ri- 


VADE MECUM. ’ "■#& 67 

tornando al panto di partenza passando per le vie quarantesima 
sesta, e Spruce. 

Linea del C entenniale. —Tre miglia e mezzo di rotaje nel ter- 
reno dell’ Esposizione, servite da cinque locomotive e quaranta 
vagonipalazzi inviati per servire di esibizione. 

Filadelfia Occidentale.— Via Market. Carri gialli. con fa- 
nali rossi.—Dal deposito per la quarantesima prima via,pel viale 
di Haverford, per le vie quarantesima prima, Market e Front. Ri- 
tornando al deposito seguendc lo stesso itinerario. 

Ramo deifabbricati del Centenniale. —Carri azzurri, con fanali 
rossi.—Per i viali Concourse, Belmont e Elm per le vie quaran¬ 
tesima, Market e Front, fino al viale di Elm, passando per la 
quarantesima prima e Market. 

Ramo di Haddington. —Carri verdi, con fanali verdi.—Dalla 
via Front per le vie Market e quarantesima prima, pel viale di 
Haverford, per la sessantesima settima; ritornando per le vie 
sessantesima quinta e Vine, pel viale di Haverford, per le vie 
quarantesima prima, Market e Front. 


Tariffa delle Carrozze d’ affitto. 

In Filadelfia come dapertutto nelle altre cittk, i forestieri 
correndoil rischio di essere ingannati dai vetturini, abbiamo pen- 
sato, utile di qul registrare la tariffa stabilita dalle autoritit 
della citttL 

Una persona, con baule, valigia o cassa, se la distanza non 
eccede un miglio, 75 soldi; due persone per la stessa distanza 
$1. 25, ed ogui persona in pid 25 soldi. Se la distanza sorpassa 
il miglio e non le due miglia, per una persona $1. 25, e per cia- 
scun’ altra persona 25 soldi. Se la distanza e piu di due miglia 
alia detta somma di $1. 25, debbonsi aggiungere cinquanta soldi 
per ogni miglio o frazione di miglio, e 50 soldi per ogni passag- 
giero. Se invece la carrozza h presa all’ ora il prezzo e di $1. 50 
per ogni ora. Nel caso di controversia col vetturino dirigersi 
all’ ufficio del Sindaco o del capo della polizia, ambidue situati 
all’angolo della via Chestnut e quinta. 


Consoli Esteri in Filadelfia. 

Repubblica Argentina, Signor E. Sliippen, 532, via Walnut. 

Austria, Sig. Lars Westergaard, 19S, Sud via Seconda. 

Belgio, Sig. Andre 1218, Chestnut. 

Brastle, Sig. Eduardo S. Sayres, 268, Sud via Terza. 

Chili, Sig. E. Sbippen, 532, via Walnut. 

Colombia, Sig. Leone dela Cova, 218, % via Walnut. 

Danimarca, Sig. F. Myhlertz, 730, Nordvia ventesima. 

Equatore, Sig. E. Sliippen, 532, via Walnut. 

Franeia, Sig. Celestino A. D’Elpeux, via Spruce. 

Allemagna, Sig. Carlo H. Meyer, 227, via Chestnut. 

Gran Brettagna, Console Sig. Carlo E. Kortright, 619, via Walnut. 

Vice-console, Sig. Giorgio Crum “ “ “ 




68 


VADE MECUM. 


Ungheria , Sig. Lars Westergaard, 13S via Seconda. 

Italia , Sig. Alonzo M. Viti, 115 via Walnut. 

Liberia, Sig. Ed. S. Morris, 129, Sud via Front. 

Olanda , Sig. Lars Westegaard, 13$, Sud via Seconda. 

Nicaragua, Sig. Enrico Potter, 260, Sud via nona. 

Liberi Stati di Orange, Sud Africa, Sig. Enrico Riley 602, via Arch. 
Portogallo, Sig. Eduardo S. Sayres, 26S, Sud via Terza. 

Russia,, Sig Enrico, Preaut 500 Sud viale di Delaware. 

Spagna, console, Sig. D. Giovanni Morphy, 524, via Waluut. 

Vice-console Sig. D. Giuliano A. Principe y Sartoris. “ “ “ 

Svezia e Norvegia, Sig. Lars Westergaard, 13S Sud via Seconda. 
Svizzera, console Sig Rodolfo Koradi, 314, viale York. 

Vice-console Sig. Werner Itsclianer S14, via Vine. 

Uruguay, Sig. Carlo G. Matthews. 

Venezuola, Sig. Leone de la Cova, 21S % via Walnut. 


Teatri e luoghi di divertimento. 

Accademia di musica. Questa sala h situata nella via Broad 
passata la via Locust. Essa pub contenere 5000 spettatori. I 
prezzi di entrata variano a seconda dei differenti spettacoli. 

Teatro di Walnut. Come il suo nome lo indiea questo tea- 
tro & situato nella via Walnut all’ angolo della nona strada. 
Esso e il piii antico teatro di Filadelfia essendo stato fabbri- 
cato neir anno 1804. Pub contenere 3500 persone. I prezzi di 
entrata sono i seguenti: 

Galleria o anfiteatro 25, soldi ;—Circolo difamiglia e Bal- 
cone, 50, soldi; Entrata, 75, soldi; Gircolo di platea, $1. 00; 
Platea, $1. 50; Palchi di proscenio, $8. 00; e $10. 00. Palchi 
sopra quelli di proscenio, $15. 00. 

Teatro di Chestnut. Questo teatro prende egualmente il nome 
dalla Strada nella quale e situato. Trovasi passata la duode- 
cima via. Pub contenere circa 3500 spettatori. I prezzi di 
entrata sono : 

Galleria o anfiteatro 25, soldi; Circolo difamiglia e Balco~ 
ne, 50 soldi; Entrata, 75, soldi; Circolo di platea, $1. 00; Pla¬ 
tea, $1. 50; Palchi di Proscenio, $8. 00. Palchi sopra quelli 
diproscenio, $15. 00. 

Teatro di Arch. • Situato nella via dello stesso nome passa¬ 
ta la sesta strada. Esso puo contenere 3500 spettatori dei 
quali 1781 comodamente seduti. I prezzi stabiliti sono : 

Galleria o anfiteatro 25, soldi; Entrata generate 50, soldi; 
Circolo con abito di Societd 75, soldi; Circolo di Orchestra $1. 00; 
'Sedie di Orchestra, $1. 00; Palchi di Orchestra $1. 50; palchi 
privati $10. 00. 


Sala Orticolturale. E situata uella via Broad passata la via 
Locust. Forse essa & la pin grande sala della citta. Il prez- 
zo di entrata varia a seconda dei trattenimenti. Generalmente 





VADE MECUM. 


69 


questa sala d adoperata per grandi riunioni politiche potendo 
contenere circa 6000 all’impiedi e 8000 comodamente sedute. 

Concert Hall. Situata al numero 1221 della via Chestnut. 
Questa sala pud contenere 3500 persone ed il prezzo di entra- 
ta d variabile. 


T eatro Americano. Varietd; piu conosciuto sotto il noine 
di Teatro di Fox, nomc del suo fondatore e proprietario. Que- 
sto trovasi nella via Chestnut passata la decima strada. I prezzi 
sono modicissimi, ed d cosa utile di farvi una visita specialmente sa- 
lendo nella vasta galleria od anfiteatro ripieno completamente di 
adolescenti di tutte l’etd, molti dei quali appartengono alia clas- 
se dei lustratori di scarpe e venditori di giornali. Lo spettacolo 
& sempre variato e dei pib divertevoli. La sala d vasta e pud con¬ 
tenere pin di 500 persone. Ci displace di non potere qu\ dare i 
prezzi dal perchd ci d stato annunziato che al prossimo Maggio 
avrebbe avuto luogo un totale cambiamento. 


Opera della via Arch, situata nella via Arch passata la decima 
strada. Pud contenere 1800 spettatori. I prezzi sono : 

Galleria o anfiteatro, 25, soldi; Platea 50 soldi; Orchestra, 
75 soldi. 


Sala dell' Assemblea, situata all’ angolo delle vie decima e 
Chestnut. E questa una sala da ballo, affittata anche per uso 
di concerti e conferenze. Pud contenere 1000 persone, ed il 
prezzo di entrata d variabile. 

Museo del Colonnello Wood. Questo teatro d situato all’an¬ 
golo delle vie nona ed Arch. Pud contenere 1200 persone. I 
prezzi sono stabiliti come segue : 

Galleria o anfiteatro, 25, soldi; Platea e circolo in abito 25 
soldi; Orchestra, 75 soldi. 

Opera dell ’ Undecima strada. Questo Teatro d situato nel- 
l’undecima passata la via Chestnut. Esso d un vero teatro di 
famiglia. Generalmente ha l’abitudine di finire molto per tempo. 
I prezzi sono fissati a 25 soldi per Vanfiteatro-, 50 soldi per la 
platea-, e 75 soldi per V Orchestra. 

Grande Centrale. Trovasi nella via Walnut passata l’ottava 
strada. Pud contenere 2000 spettatori. I prezzi sono; anfitea¬ 
tro 15 soldi; Entrata e balcone 25 soldi; Orchestra 75 soldi; 
palchiprivati $5. 00 e palchi di proscenia $10. 00. 

Sala delfondo Musicale. Questa pure d una vasta sala atta a 
contenere 2500 persone ma d raramente usata. 










70 


VADE MECUM. 


Sala degli amatori di Disegno. Quest a e una graziosissima 
sala. 


Oltre dei luoghi sunnominati esistono in Filadelfia varii altri 
piccoli teatri. due specialmente per la popolazione Allemanna 
situati nel Nord della terza via. 

Yisonopure molti Caffh o Birrerie nelle quali trovasi s.eral- 
mente un’orchestra e dove i forestieri possono passare una mez- 
z’ ora di tempo. Fra queste primeggiano Nash nella via Chestnut 
e Brevoort House, all’ angolo delle vie nona e Walnut. 

In quest’ultima birreria hanno 1’ abitudine di riunirsi vari 
Francesi, Spagnuoli ed Italiani. 


Luoghi Interessanti. 

Accademia delle belle arti, situata nella via Broad, al di la 
della via Arch. Prezzo d’entrata, 25 soldi. 

Accademia delle sojenze naturali, nella via Broad, al di qu4 
della via Chestnut. Aperta nei giorni di Martedt e Yeuerdh— 
Prezzo d’entrata, 10 soldi. Una nuova sala trovasi all’ angolo 
delle vie decimanona ed Arch. 

Societa filosofica Americana, situata nella quinta strada al 
di qua di Chestnut. 

Libreria dell’ Ateneo, situata nella quinta strada al di qiul 
di Chestnut. 

Arsenale in Frankford. Per recarsi prendere l’omnibus di. 
Richmond nelle vie nona e terza. 

Libreria degli apprendisti, situata all’ angolo della quinta 
strada e della via Arch. 

Asilo dei ciechi, situato fra le vie ventesima e Race. Ogni 
Yenerdi dopo pranzo vi sono concerti di musica, pei quali il 
prezzo di entrata h fissato a quindici soldi. 

Casa dei poveri a Blociiley, Filadelfia Occidentale. I bi- 
glietti per visitare questo stabilimento si ottengono dirigendosi 
al Numero 42 Nord della settima strada. 

Sala dei Falegnami, nella via di Chestnut al dila della quarta 
strada, dietro al fabbricato della borsa. 

Chiesa del Cristo, fabbricata nel 1753, e che trovasi nella 
seconda strada al di hi della via Market. 

Collegio dei chirurgi e medici, situato all’ angolo delle vie 
decima terza e Locust. 

Prigione della contea, situata fra la via undecima ed il viale 
di Passyunk. 1 biglietti per potere visitare questa prigione si 
ottengono dirigendosi ull’ufficio del giornale il Ledger. 

Instjtuto di Franklin, situato all’ angolo delle vie quinta ed 
Arch. 




VADE MECUM. 71 

Casa di correztone, vicina ad Holmesburg. Per recarsi cola 
bisogna prendere la via ferrata alia stazione di Kensington. 

Casa di rifugio, situata fra la via ventesimaterza e quella di 
Broad. 

Manicomio, situato nel viale di Haverford nella parte occiden- 
tale di Filadelfia. Per recarvisi prendere 1’ omnibus della via 
Market. 

Sala deli/ indipendenza, situata nella via di Chestnut al di 
qu& della sesta strada. Questa sala b aperta giornalmente dal¬ 
le ore 9. a. m. alle ore 4 p. m. I biglietti possono otteuersi di- 
rigendosi al Sopraintendente della stessa. 

Cimiterio di Laurel Hill, situato nella via Bridge. Per re¬ 
carvisi prendere gli omnibus del viale di Ridge, nella via Arch, 
ovvero il battello a vapore, nel parco di Fairmount. 

Palazzo del giornale il Ledger, situato all’angolo della sesta 
via e di quella di Chestnut. Americani e forestieri sono invitatia 
visitarlo. 

Tempio Massonico, nella via Broad al di qu& della via Arch. 
Coloro che desiderano visitarlo sono ammessi, purche sieno mu- 
niti di biglietti rilasciati da qualcuno dei membri domiciliati in 
Filadelfia. Il Giovedt b il giorno stabilito per tali visite. Que- 
sti biglietti possono pure essere procurati all’ Ufficio del Ledger. 

Libreria Mercantile, situata nella decima stiada al di la di 
Chestnut. 

Museo Nazionale, nella sala dell’Indipendenza. Esso b aperto 
dalle ore 9 a. m. fino alle ore 3 p. m. L’ entrata b libera. 

Arsenale, situato nella via Front al di la del viale Washin¬ 
gton. Prendere l’omnibus della settima, o seconda strada. 

Nuovo arsenale, situato nelP isola della lega,> ( League’s 
Island) sulla foce del fiume Schuylkill. 

Cm esa degli Svedesi, la piii vecchia Chiesa di Filadelfia, che 
ha preso il posto della seconda chiesa Svedese fabbricata nel 
1677 nella via di Swanson al di qu& della via Christian. 

Spedale di Pensilvania, situato fra 1’ ottava strada e quella 
di Spruce. 

Il casino di Penn, nella via Letizia presso Market. La via 
Letizia trovasi fra la via Front e la seconda. 

Monumento del trattato di Penn, situato fra le vie Beach e 
Hannover. Prendere nella terza strada l’omnibus di Richmond. 

Penitenziario orientals, situato nel viale di Fairmount e la 
ventesima prima strada. 1 biglietti per visitare questo peni¬ 
tenziario possono domandarsi nelP ufficio del giornale il Ledger. 

Libreria di Filadelfia (fondata da Beniamino Franklin) si¬ 
tuata nella quinta strada al di qu& di Chestnut. 

SocietA storica della Pensilvania, situata al numero 820 
della via Spruce. 

Scuola di disegno per le donne. all’angolo delle vie Filbert e 
Merrick. 


72 


VADE MECUM. 


Zecca degli Stati Uniti, situata nella via Chestnut al di hi 
della decima terza strada. Aperta dalle ore 9 a. m. alle 12. 
Entrata gratuita. Un impiegato allorchb alcuni visitatori sono 
riuniti, li accompagna e loro spiega il processo della fabbricazio- 
ne, senza ricevere alcuna ricompensa. 

UniversitX di Pensilvania, situata nella strada trentesima 
sesta e viale di Woodland, nella parte occidentale di Filadelfia. 

Istituto libero di Wargner, nell’ angolo della via decima 
settima e del viale di Montgomery. 

Lavori idraulici. Fairmount, nel parco sul lato Orientale 
del flume Schuylkill, al Nord della via Morris. Schuylkill, cono- 
sciuto dapprima sotto il nome di Spring Garden, situato sul lato 
orientale del flume Schuylkill egualmente nel parco di Fairmount, 
presso il viale Girard. Belmont , nel parco di Fairmount, sul 
lato occidentale del flume Schuylkill presso il ponte della ferro- 
via di Reading. Delaware , o Kensiugtou situato sul lato orientale 
del flume Schuylkill al di 14 del Manayunk. Questi lavori idrau¬ 
lici sono aperti tutti i giomi. 

Ospedale di Wills, per le malattie degli occhi, situato nella 
via Race fra le vie decima ottava e decima nona. 

Camposanto di Woodland, situato nel viale di Woodland, nel¬ 
la parte occidentale di Filadelfia. Per recarvisi prendere gli 
omnibus della via di Walnut. 

Societa dei giovani Cristiani, situata nella via Chestnut pas- 
sata la duodecima. Un nuovo locale apparteuente a detta So¬ 
cieta b in via di construzione all’angolo delle vie Chestnut e deci- 
macjuinta. 

Giardino Zoologico, situato nel Parco di Fairmount. Per 
recarvisi prendere l’omnibus nelle vie Walnut, Market, Arch e 
Vine, e nel viale di Girard. 


La sala dell’ Indipendenza e la sala dei Carpentieri meritano la 
prima visita del viaggiatore, tanto perche esse sono situate nel 
centro della citta, quanto perch’esse rammentano i giorni primi- 
tivi della Repubblica degli Stati Uniti. 

La prima, fabbricata nella via Chestnut fra la quinta e sesta 
strada, fu coininciata nell’anno 1729 e Anita nel 1775. Cola si 
riunirono i rappresentanti delle colonie nel giorno Jieci del mese 
di Maggio, 1775, facendo appello al Supremo Giudice del mondo 
della rettitudine delle loro intenzioni. Sulla mano sinistra en- 
trando per la porta della strada Chestnut, si trova la Camera 
dell’Indipendenza. Il primo oggettoche colpisce la vista nel- 
T entrare in questa sala si & la tavola sulla quale fu firmata 
la Dichiarazione, dietro di essa trovasi la sedia occupata da 
Giovanni Hancock Presidente del Congresso, ed attorno al 
muro sono dodici delle sedie le quali servirono ai mem- 
bri. Lo sbozzo originale della dichiarazione da noi riportata 
di proprio pugno di Jefferson con le note e correzioni di Frank- 



VADE MECUM. 


73 


lin e Adams trovasi nella stessa camera unitamente ai ri- 
tratti di quaranta sui cinquantasei sottoscrittori. 

Questa galleria di ritratti da per se sola meriterebbe una 
speciale visita. Dirimpetto trovasi la camera ove si riunisce la 
magistratura coloniale. I biglietti per essere ammessi a visi- 
tare il campanile della sala dell’ Indipendenza si ottengono gra- 
tuitamente facendone domanda al Sopraintendente della camera 
dell’ Indipendenza. Da questo campanile si ottiene una magni- 
fica vista della citta. La sala 6 aperta per tutti, tutti i giorni 
dalle ore 9 a. m. fino alle 5. p. m. 

La sala dri Falegnami, trovasi nella corte dei Falegnami si- 
tuata a pochi passi dalla quarta strada. Questa appartiene alia 
society dei Carpentieri la piil vecchia society, che siasi conser- 
vata per un non interrotto periodo di anni, essendo stata orga- 
nizzata circa quarant’ anni dopo lo stabilimento del governo 
Coloniale di Guglielmo Penn. La sala fu cominciata nel giorno 
quinto del mese di Febbrajo 1870. 

A due passi da questa sala nella via Arch al di qui della quinta 
strada trovasi la tomba di Beniamino Franklin. 

Chiesa del Cristo. Questa chiesa fu organizzata circa due- 
cento anni fa. 11 suo primopastore fu il Rev. Sig. Clayton, sotto 
il di cui ministero la chiesa fu fabbricata nell’anno 1695. Nel 
M arzo e Maggio, 1753, furono organizzate due lotterie, ognuna 
formata di 4,500, biglietti di quattro dollari cadauno, alio scopo 
di finire il campanile cominciato nell’anno, 1727. Queste produs- 
sero un profitto netto di$5000 ed il campanile fu finito nell’anno 
successivo, costando $10,000. 11 cariglione delle otto campane 

portato d’ Inghilterra, che costava $4,500, pesante 8000 libbre, 
fu abbattuto nel 1777, per evitare che cadess'e nelle mani degli 
Inglesi. Queste unitamente alia campana della casa governativa 
furono trasportate a Trenton. Un calice e due boccali usati nel 
servizio della comunione, furono regalati dalla regina Anna 
d’Inghilterra. Essi portano quest’iscrizione : 

“ANNA ANGLICAN AE PUD. PHILAD. A. D. 17. Uno 
dei principali ornamenti dell’ anzidetto campanile ‘consisteva in 
una rappresentazione della corona. Nell’ anno 1777, il campa¬ 
nile fu percosso dal fulmine, il filo conduttore venne distrutto e 
la corona intieramente fusa. Franklin e Washington avevano 
un posto in questa Chiesa e durante la Presidenza del secondo, 
egli regolarmente con la famiglia vi si recava a fare le sue de- 
vozioni. 

Il Penitenziario dell’ Est, trovasi al Levante della ventesi- 
ma prima strada. Costo $600,000. 11 terreno su cui b fabbricato 
abbraccia undid jugeri. Ciascun prigioniero ha la sua celletta; 
nessuno puo ricevere punizioni corporali. 1 biglietti per visitar- 
lo si ottengono dirigendosi all’ Onorevole Sig. Riccardo Yaux al 
numero 520 via Walnut. 

7 


74 


YADE MECUM. 


Collegio di Girard. Questo collegio b degno di chiamare 
1’ attenzione di tutti i forestieri. I biglietti per visitarlo posso- 
no aversi all’ ufficio del giornale il Ledger , o dal Sindaco della 
citta, e pub essere visitato tutti i giorni all’ eccezione della Do- 
men ica. Esso e situato fra i viali di Ridge e Girard, e vi si pub 
giungere per mezzo degli Omnibus che passano per la decimano- 
na strada, per il viale di Ridge, per quelli della lega dell’ Unione 
che vanno nella via Poplar e per quelli del viale di Girard. In 
questo collegio sono raccolti seicento ragazzi orfani i quali ven- 
gono nutriti, vestiti ed educati, il diploma dei lorostudii essendo 
quasi eguale a quello accordato nelle scuole normali o primarie. 
All’ eta di sedici o diciassette anni questi fanciulli sono instruiti 
in qualche utile professione, commercio od occupazione e pib di 
un giornalista, negoziante, agricoltore e commerciante debbono 
essere riconoscenti a questa instituzione di avere non solo im- 
piegati e dipendenti onorati, ma ancora esperti specialmente 
nelle matematiche. 11 tempio Massonico del quale parleremo in 
appresso e lavoro di un graduato del collegio di Girard. Questi, 
in giovine et& si trovb orfauo e ricevette paterna assistenza nel 
collegio che si occupbdilui teneramente, edoggiisuoi educatori 
devonsi trovare superbi tutte le volte ch’ essi innalzono i loro 
sguardi a questo superbo edificio. Come pero questo collegio 
porta il nome di Girard ? Chi era questo Girard ? Nato a Bor¬ 
deaux in Francia nel 1750, ei giunse in Filadelfia il Maggio 1776, 
ed appena giunto comincib un commercio con S. Domingo e la 
Nuova Orleans, commercio che prese vaste estensioni e si rami- 
ficb in tutte le parti del mondo conosciuto. Dotato di un cuore 
caldo e generoso, ei s’ interessb a tutti gl’ infortunii. Nell’ anno 
1793 la lebbre gialla in vase Filadelfia e desolb la citta la quale 
venue abbandonata da tutti coloro che potevano fuggire nelle 
campagne. A Bush Hill fu instituito uno spedale che f’u abban- 
donato perfino dalle sorelle. Girard in quel! epoca ricco, e nel 
fiore della vita (43 anni) si offrl volontario e per lo spazio di ses- 
santa giorni e notti, quale infermiere, teneramente servl gli am- 
malati, addolcendo i patimenti dei moribondi, e facendo seppellire 
i morti. Dopo un corso di 50 auni di onorata vita commerciale, 
il 26 Dicembre, 1831, nell’ eta di 80 auni, ei mori lasciando un’im- 
portante somma per la fondazione e mantenimento di questo 
collegio. 

L’ edificio b fabbricato in stile di architettura Greca. E si¬ 
tuato in uno dei pib elevati luoghi di Filadelfia e comanda il pib 
bel colpo d’ occhio di quasi tutta la cittfi. Nell’ entrare in detto 
collegio con sorpresa si ammira la bellezza del prato che fa fron- 
te alio stesso, e sull’entrata il primo oggetto si b il sarcofago in 
cui sono racchiuse le ceneri del Signor Girard. Sopra di que¬ 
sto sarcofago si trova la sua statua scolpita in marmo, e vestita 
com’ egli soleva esserlo. 

Nuova casa Municipale. Questo immenso edificio ricopre uu 


VADE MECUM. 


*75 

area di quattro jugeri e mezzo di terreno, senza contarela corte. 
Le facciate settentrionale e meridionale misurano 470 piedi di 
lunghezza e le orientale ed occidental 486. Nel centre di ognu- 
na trovasi un grande arco. Questi archi sono larghi 90 piedi e 
si ergono all’ altezza di 185 piedi. Le facciate sono terminate ai 
qnattro angoli da torri di 51 piedi, alte 145 piedi. Tutta la par¬ 
te esterna b ardita e piena di effetto nei suoi contorni, ricca nei 
dettagli, arricchita di alte colonne ornate' dicapitelli, cornici ed 
altri ornamenti. Arcate aperture larglie 18 piedi, alte 36 piedi, 
praticate in ciascuno dei quattro centrali paviglioni constitui- 
scono le quattro entrate principali. II basamento b alto 18 piedi, 
ed & interamente al di sopra della linea del pavimento. La parte 
esterna b in granito. L’esterno del fabbricato superiore al basa¬ 
mento abbraccia un piano principale di 36 piedi, ed un piano 
superiore di 31 piedi, con soffitta di 12 piedi situata sopra ai pa¬ 
viglioni centrali, il tutto di marmo bianco adornato con squisito 
gusto. Le piccole camere che corrispondono sulla corte, 
sono suddivise nell’ altezza in due piani. Nella parte settentrio¬ 
nale s’innalza una grande torre, che adorna il fabbricato e che 
sard una delle bellezze della citt/i da competere col S. Pietro di 
Roma e S. Paolo di Londra. Questa torre ha 90 piedi alia base, 
e va diminuendo ad ogni piano terminando in un ottagono di 50 
piedi di diametro. Una statua del fondatore della Pensilvania, 
alta 20 piedi, coronera la torre, la quale arriverd all’ altezza 
di 450 piedi, rendendola la pid elevata del mondo intero. 
L’ intera fabbrica, conterrd 520 camere, ed ogni camera sard 
bene illuminata, riscaldata e ventilata dietro un ultimo nuovo, 
effettivo ed approvato sistema. L’edificio sard a prova del fuoco 
e costerd la somma di circa $12,000,000. 

Tempio Massonico. E questo il piih. grande tempio del 
genere nel mondo. Il fabbricato b di granito lungo 250 piedi, 
largo 150. Si compone di tre piani e mezzanino. Nell’ interna 
construzione sono stati adoperati 10,000,000, di mattoni. La 
sua facciata e un modello di architettura Normanna ardita, sen- 
z’ ombra d’ insipidezza nel suo profilo. «Gli aspetti piu. risaltanti 
sono le due torri, una della quali s’ innalza a 250 piedi, ed il suo 
bellissimo portico di entrata. La torre principale e cosl massiva 
da esigere la profonditd di 31 piedi nei suoi fondamenti, e si b mes- 
so in opera il pid grande studio per porre il fabbricato a prova 
di fuoco in tutti i tre piani separandoli in ogni passaggio per 
mezzo di una porta in ferro con distinte saracinesche, ed al- 
ternati spazii. Il portico b construito con la pid dura pietra 
esistente negli Stati Uniti, il granito di Quincy, ead ogni lato tro- 
vansi quattro paja di sporgenti colonne, sormontate da semicir- 
colari modanature, arricchite, dei piu puri e caratteristici Nor- 
manni ornamenti. Questi richiamano l’attenzione dell’osservatore. 
L’ andito b fabbricato in projezione del muro di prospetto 
del tempio appunto come usavasi nelle chiese Norman- 


76 


VADE MECUM. 


ne, quantunque questa projezione qui sia pru profonda, dan do 
luogo a maggiore finezza del lavoro. Le due porti a battenti 
sono alte 17 piedi, larghe 7 piedi, e doppie 7 linee, coperte da 
decorazioni Normanne armonizzanti colla facciata esterna. 

Nel mezzo della sala Orientale, il visitatore puossi credere 
trasportato nell’ Alambra di Spagna, nei suoi piii splendidi gior- 
ni. I veli del tempio sono maravigliosi in bellezza. Essi sono 
alti 25 piedi larghi 49 e contengono 1200 yarde (1) di stoffa. 

La sala Egiziana e la piii incantevole del tempio. Non b larga 
quanto le altre, ma lo stile della sua architettura b cost nuovo, 
perchfe vecchio e disusato fra noi, che non pud fare a meno di 
eccitare la piii grande sorpresa e maraviglia. Sembra di trovarsi 
in Memfi o Tebe. Dodici gigantesche colonne si estendono 
in eircolo nella sala. Queste colonne hanno capitelli ciascuno 
di stile differente/ac simile di quelli degli antichi tempii di Den- 
dera, Luvor, Karnac, Edfou ed altri che esistevano sul Nilo, 
appositamente fotografati sui luoghi. La mobilia che adorna la 
sala Egiziana b Egiziana al pari delle mura e colonne. 11 trono 
b massivo ed imponente construito come la mobiglia in ebano 
dorato, e fiancheggiato da due sfingi. 

La sala dei banchetti trovasi nella parte settentrionale del 
tempio. L’ architettura di essa b di ordine composto con sedici 
colonne, i capitelli sono decoratidi fiori, fruttaed uccelli, il polio 
d’India (uccello nazionale) sedente, quale Presidente sopra 
1’ andito occidentale. Questa sala luDga 105 piedi, larga 50, b 
illuminata da quindici magnifici candelabri. Inessa trovansi 20 
tavole disposte su quattro linee atte ad accomodare cinquecento 
persone. 

Questo grande fabbricato h in una parola, un modello delle 
arti delle nazioni antiche anteriori all’ Era Cristiana aggregate 
in un assieme armonioso e perfetto dalle mani degli operaj ame- 
ricani. Il costo del fabbricato b di .'$1,540,000. Essendo come 
abbiamo detto il giorno di Giovedi quello stabilito per essere vi- 
sitato, noi consigliamo a tutti i nostri lettori di profittare di 
questa ospitalita, per ammirarne le bellezze. 

Parco diFairmount. Troppo tempo ci vorrebbe a dettaglia- 
tamente descrivere tutte le bellezze di questo Parco, noi non 
faremo che accennarle di passaggio. Esso trovasi vicino al- 
1’Esposizione, contiene 2991 jugeri di terreno essendo cost tre 
volte piii grande del Parco Centrale di Nuova York. Le 
migliori porte per entrarvi sono quella situata nella via Coates, 
alia quale sigiunge prendendo gli omnibus delle vie Coates e 
Green, o quelli della linea dell’Unione, e 1’entrata del ponte 
Fairmount, alia quale si giunge con gli omnibus delle vie 
Callowhill, Arch, Race e Vine, e con quelli delle vie Spruce 
e Pine. Ognuna di queste entrate conducono ai lavori idrau- 


(1.) Yard corrisponde a tre piedi Inglesi. 


VADE MECUM. 


77 


lici, cbe meritano di essere minutamente osservati, giacchb 
essi sono grandiosi. Potentissime macchine sono messe in 
azione dalla forza dell’ acqua e del vapore. Esse giornalmeute 
pompano nel serbatojo situato sulla cima della circonvicina 
montagna 25,000,000 galloni (1) di acqua ossia 7,000,000,000 
all’ anno. Dalla parte posteriore della macchiua si ottiene un 
magnifico colpo d’ occhio della cataratta di Fairmoimt. En- 
trando per la porta della via Green trovasi la galleria delle 
arti del Parco. La pih parte dei quadri che in esso trovansi 
hanno un interesse storico e nazionale e sono principalmente 
eseguiti da artisti Americani. Nellasala si vendono i cataloghi 
dei detti lavori. Noi pregheremo i nostri lettori di riraarcare 
la “Nuova Repubblica, ” dipinta da Ferdinando Pawel, col 
quale egli ha cercato di rappresen tare il passato e presente 
progresso degli Stati Uniti. “La battaglia di Gettysburg” 
dipinta da Rothernel che b costata $30,000 alio Stato di 
Pensilvania e che rammenta uno dei grandiosi fatti avvenuti 
nell’ultima guerra civile. Questa galleria b aperta tutti i gior- 
ni e 1’entrata ne b gratuita. Nell’escire da detta sala recan- 
dosi a Lemon Hill non puossi fare a meno di osservare la 
bellissima statua del martire Presidente Abramo Lincoln. Que¬ 
sta statua b di bronzo, fu modellata da Randolfo Rogers, fu 
fusa in Monaco, ed il suo prezzo di $33,000 fu pagata dai 
cittadini di Filadelfia. La tigura ha 9 piedi e 6 linee di al- 
tezza.—Il Presidente b rappresentato seduto, con una pennanella 
sua mano diritta, e tenendo nella sinistra un foglio “la famo- 
sa dichiarazione. ” Le sembianze sono somigliantissime, e la 
posa b graziosa e naturale. La statua s’ innalza su di un 
piedistallo di granito. Le inscrizioni ai tre lati Nord, Est, e 
Ovest sono tolte dalle proprie parole pronunziate dal Pre¬ 
sidente nel corso della sua vita: 

Ad 

Abramo Lincoln 
Da un popolo riconoscente. 

Qui altamente risolviamo 
Che il governo del popolo 
Dal popolo e pel popolo 
Non perira sulla terra. 


Ordino e dichiaro 
Che tutte le persone schiave 
Negli Stati in ribellione 
Sono e da ora in avanti saranno 
Liberi. 


(1.) Un gallone equivale a quattro boccali. 




78 


VADE MECUM. 


Senza malizia verso nessuno 
Con caiiita verso tutti 

Con fermezza nel giusto per quanto Dio ci concede 
Di vedere il giusto 
Compiamo il cominciato lavoro. 

Sulla piazza possono vedersi diversi fabbricati eretti dalla 
cost detta jlotta del Schuykill organizzata nel 1858. 11 sa- 

pere remare d non solo utile, tna ancora giovevole alia 
salute, e negli Stati Uniti, come in varii dei principali Stati 
Europei, tale giustissimo eel utile divertimento ha ricevuto 
una speciale attenzione. Filadelfia non d rimasta indietro; 
che anzi pih di dieci Club fan no parte di cpiesta associazione. 

Vicino al fabbricato della flotta del Schuylkill trovasene un 
altro di pietra grigia, di architettura d’ ordine Italiano, due 
piani in altezza sormontato da una cupola. In questa casa 
trovansi riposti gli utensili per salvare coloro, sotto i piedi 
dei quali il diaccio si rorape. Gia piil di 260 persone sono state 
cost salvate. In questa piazzetta trovansi pure gli scali dei 
vapori, che ad ogni mezz’ ora, si recauo al Ponte di Colom¬ 
bia, al giardino Zoologico al Laurell Hill, alle cascate del 
Schuylkill e Manayunk, una fontana riempita di pesci, e le 
sorgenti di acqua minerale. Di qui la strada per un sentiero 
conduce alia residenza di “Lemon Hill” la casa occupata da 
Roberto Morris nell’epoca rivoluzionaria. Roberto Morris fu 
scelto delegato del Congresso Continentale nel mese di No- 
vembre dell’anno, 1775. In questo Congresso ei si rnostro 
molto attivo e fu nominato Sopraintendente delle Finanze, 
nell’esercizio della quale carica, ei rese al suo* paese incal- 
colabili servizii. Egli contribul alia liberty della patria col 
sagrificio dei suoi proprii beni, e ridusse e persuase altri ad 
imitare il suo esempio. Quantunque egli possedesse in citta 
un’ altra abitazione, pure le sue ore di riposo dagli affari, fu- 
rono passate a Lemon Hill e spesso, Giovanni Adams, Benia¬ 
mino Franklin, Giovanni Hancock furono suoi ospiti. Sul 
finire di una lunga vita disinteressatamente sagrificata al 
ben’ essere del paese, ei venne imprigionato e termind i suoi 
giorni in grande povertd. 

Dopo aver vednto il Parco Occidentale si giunge al giardi- 
dino Zoologico. 11 prezzo di entrata in questo d di 25 soldi per 
le persone adulte e solo 10 soldi peri ragazzi. Noi crediamoche 
nessun altro luogo possa dare pih piacere, specialmente se si 
giunge alle ore destinate a dare il cibo agli animali, le quali ore 
sono: per i leoni alle 4 p. m.; per glielefauti, alle 10 a. m. e 4 p. 
m. per il Rinoceronte, 10 a. m. e 4 p. m. per gli erbivoridue vol¬ 
te al giorno. Questo giardino che comprende una superficie di 
83 jugeri d stato dato in affitto ad una societa Zoologica la 
quale ha fatto e fa di tutto per rendere il giardino attraente. In 


VADE MECUM. 


79 


esso h proibita la vendita deiliquori; mentre, invece un ristora- 
tore aprezzi moderati fornisce quanto puo desiderarsi, ed ogni 
attenzione & posta per rendere contenti gli stranieri. La casa delle 
scimmie h costata $6486.; La corte degli orsi $5000; la casa 
degli uccelli $5720; quella delle aquile $2000; quella dei carni- 
vori $50,000. Fra gli animali si trovano tre different specie di 
kangaroo, tigri, iene, linci, leopardi, giraffe, etc. etc. 

La collezione degli uccelli b molto bella, e quella dei rettili 
quantunque non sia bella, pure b attrattiva per lo studioso ed il 
naturalista. 

II governo in Maggio, 1874, con apposita legge decretb la libe¬ 
ra entrata di tutti gli uccelli, bestie ed animali destinati a questo 
giardino, ed il Segretario della Marina in data del 14 Novembre, 
1874, ordino a tutti i comandanti delle stazioni navali ed altri 
ufficiali di “ ajutare la society Zoologica nella sua lodevole 
impresa. ” 

11 ponte del cammino di ferro che attraversa lo Schuylkill vicino 
al ponte del viale di Girard b uno dei piCl belli ornamenti del 
Parco. 

Nell’entrare nel Parco dal detto ponte la prima casa sulla 
dritta e chiamata, “ Sweet Brier. ” Il terreno b coperto di ca- 
valli di legno ed altalene per i fanciulli. Dopo avere lasciato 
questa casa la strada carrozzabile attraversa un boschetto ed 
arriva ad un rustico ponte sul flume. Entrando nel Parco dopo 
avere passato il ponte del viale di Girard, la favorita passeggiata 
in carrozza b quella di Lansdowne a traverso i due immensi pini, 
che indicano il luogo ove fu la casa fabbricata da Giovanni Penn, 
Governatore e Comandante in capo della Provincia della Pensil- 
vania. Egli visse in essa con stile principesco. Avendo creduto 
suo dovere di difendere la causa del re, questa residenza fu se- 
questrata quantunque egli personalmente fosse stimato da tutti 
per la sua savia e giusta amministrazione e la purita della sua 
vita privata. Al terminare della guerra, ei fu visitato da Washin¬ 
gton. Lasciando sulla diritta il serbatojo, si giunge a (George’s 
Hill) montagna di Giorgio, la quale eminenza domina 1’ Esposi- 
zione alia distanza di circa un terzo di miglio dai fabbricati del 
centenario. Essa comprende 33 acri di terra, e fu un lascito di 
Jesse George e di sua sorella dato alia cittfl, di Filadelfia per fame 
un parco. Alla sommit& di quest’ eminenza b stato fabbricato 
un paviglione. Una collezione di fiori accomodati con immenso 
gusto aggiunge pregio alia bellezza naturale del parco, edi tratto 
in tratto una orchestra suona scelti pezzi di musica. 

Come abbiamo detto alia dritta e presso George’s Hill trovansi 
il serbatojo Belmont e la mansione Belmont ove nacque e morl 
il giudice Riecardo Peters. Egli fu segretario della guerra du¬ 
rante la rivoluzione, e per 39 anni di seguito fu giudice distret- 
tuale degli Stati Uniti. Letterato ed ospitale egli ricevette 


80 


YADE MECUM. 


Lafayette, il barone di Steuben, 1’ astronomo Rittenhouse, 
Washington, Roberto Morris, Tayllerand e Luigi Filippo. 

Molto pid pittoresca & la passeggiata che da Fairmount lungo 
la sponda Orientale dello Schuylkill mena alia “Strawberry Man¬ 
sion ” Dapertutto la veduta del flume & bella, ma 6 specialmente 
imponente a Laurel Hill, ove scorre in mezzo alle due silenziose 
cittd dei morti che giacciono sulle sue due sponde. Diremo noi 
qualche cosa di questi due cimiteri che contengono circa 25,000 
morti? Ripeteremo i nomi di coloro che furono illustri su terra 
e che oggi giacciono polvere confusi con gli altri di loro meno 
illustri ? 

Dopo aver lasciato Laurel Hill a piccolissima distanza trova- 
si il Wissahicon, rimarchevole sia sotto il rapporto della natura 
sia sotto il rapporto dei suoi ricordi storici e leggendarii. L’en- 
trata della sua imboccatura fu la scena di una felice ritirata 
eseguita da Lafayette, con la quale un forte distaccamento sotto i 
suoi comandi fu salvato dall’essere prigione. Questa ritirata fu 
chiamata Barren Hill nome col quale fu riconosciuta in una 
spada complimentata al detto generale per ordine del Congresso. 

Sulle rive del Wissahicon fu pure combattuta una porzione 
della battaglia di Germantown. 

Due uomini illustri Giovanni Kelpius e David Rittenhouse eb- 
bero le loro abitazioni sulle sponde di questo. 

11 primo fu un visionario, il quale d’ Allemagna portd una 
colonia di spirit! fanatici—Il secondo fu un meecanico escien- 
ziato. 


ESPOSIZIONE. 

Non h nostro scopo di fare il catalogo degli oggetti esposti che 
per concessione fu esclusivamente accordato al Signor Neagle. 
Questo libretto pero essendo destinato a fare conoscere all’ Ita- 
liano le instituzioni Americane, ad accompagnarlo nella cittd di 
Filadelfia ed a fargli ricordare in casa 1’ epoca del suo viaggio a 
traverse 1’ Atlantico non abbiamo potato evitare di dime qual¬ 
che cosa—Accenneremo dunque di volo i cinque fabbricati princi¬ 
pal^ e qualchedun’ altro dei principali monumenti. Il posto 
scelto per 1’ esposizione non poteva essere piu adatto. I cinque 
fabbricati principali occupano circa GO jugeri di terreno. Que¬ 
sti cinque edificii, sono conosciuti sotto i nomi : 

l.° Fabbricato generale dell’ Esposizione, 2. Sala delle mac- 
chine, 3. Galleria delle arti, 4. Palazzo dell’ Agricoltura, 5. 
Fabbricato dell’ Orticoltura. 

Il fabbricato principale h formato in parallellogrammi, 
estendendosi in lunghezza da Levante a Ponente per 1800 piedi, 
ed inlarghezzadal Nord al Sud per 464 piedi. 11 terreno occupato 
da questo palazzo si estende per poco pifl di 20 jugeri. Nel 
centro delle quattro facciate trovansi le quattro entrate princi- 



VADE MECUM. 


81 


pali. Ad ognuno dei qnattro angoli b stata eretta una torre di 
75 piedi di altezza. e sulle quattro sono state costruite terrazze 
o gallerie di osservazione. L’ entrata orientale serve pi^i special- 
meute per le carrozze che potranno giungere fino alle arcate. 
L’ entrata meridionale serve piCi specialmente per coloro che 
verranno con gli omnibus. Sulla linea del viale di Elm sono 
stabiliti ufficii per la vendita dei biglietti. Un sentiero coperto 
si estender& da quest! ufficii fino alia porta di entrata. I diffe¬ 
rent! Stati che espongono sono situati in sezioni che si estendono 
a traverso il fabbricato dal Nord al Sud. 11 costo di questo pa- 
lazzo ascende alia somma di $1,420,000 senza tener conto delle 
spese pel livellaraento, per i condotti d’acqua, i piombi, le pitture, 
le dorature, etc. 

Sala delle Macchine. Questa sala h situata 542 piedi al- 
1’ Occidente del primo palazzo. Essa ha una larghezza di 300 
piedi, ed una larghezza di 1,402 con un annesso sul lato meridio- 
nale di 208 piedi di larghezza su 210 di larghezza. L’ area b di 
poco piu di 12 jugeri. Per porre in movimento le macchine sa- 
ranno poste in posizione sull’intera lunghezza del fabbricato se- 
dici linee di cilindri o tubi comunicanti con controcilindri in 
quasi tutte le ali. Dodici di questi linee agiranno con una velocity 
di 120 e quattro con quella di 240 giri ciascun minuto. Le 
fondamenta di questo palazzo sono di massoneria, l’edifiziob 
composto da forte colonne di legno che sostengono il tetto con- 
struito con travipure di legno con legature e puntelli di ferro. I mu- 
ri esteriori sono in massoneria fino all’altezza di 5 piedi e al di i& 
di questa altezza sono compost! d’ intelajature di vetro poste tra 
le colonne. Alcune di queste intelajature sono movibili affine 
di dare la necessaria ventilazione. Questo fabbricato h costato 
$542,300, e cominciato il 13 Aprile 1875 fu talmente avanzato 
nel 5 Luglio da potere ricevere una riunione di sopra 50,000 
persone. 

La Galleria delle Arti & construita sullo stile Renaissance. 
I materiali impiegati sono il granito, il vetro. ed il ferro senza 
legno di sorta. Esso ha una lunghezza di 365 piedi, una larghezza 
di 210 piedi, ed un altezza di 59. Il palazzo trovasi alia distan¬ 
za di 300 'piedi dal principale fabbricato. La cupola la quale si 
eleva a 150 piedi di altezza sul terreno, finisce a forma di campana 
con una statua rappresentante la Colombia: Le quattro figure 
sono i quattro punti cardinali. L’ entrata h formata da 3 anditi 
arcati alti 40 piedi, e larghi 15. La sala centrale h di 83 piedi 
quadrati. Dai lati occidentali ed orientali si estendono le galle¬ 
rie, ognuna di esse h lunga 98 piedi, larga 84 piedi ed alta 35. 
Queste gallerie sono divise con lo scopo di maggiormente mettere 
in evidenza i quadri. La sala centrale e le gallerie formano una 
grande sala lunga 287 piedi e larga 85, attaa contenere 8000 per¬ 
sone. Le spese di quest’edificio sono state a carico dello Stato 


82 


VAPE MECUM. 


di Pensilvania e della citta di Filadelfia e si sono elevate a 
$2,199,283. 

La sala dell’ Agricoltura b situata sul lato Orientale del 
viale Belmont. Qnesto fabbricato occupa lo spazio di circa 10 
jugeri. Consiste di una navata lunga 820 piedi, larga 125 piedi 
ed alta 75 piedi traversata da tre navate laterali. La navata 
centrale la quale e della stessa altezza ha una lunghezza di 100 
piedi, le due navate laterali sono alte 70 piedi e larghe 81. Co¬ 
me il suo nome lo denota in questo palazzo saranno esposti le 
frutta, e gli alberi, etc. Nel lato Occidentale sono esposti i 
pesci e quanto ha rapporto alia pesca. Lo spazio occupato da 
questa esibizione sard largo 40 piedi e lungo circa 80, e la meta 
di questo spazio b riservato per gli Stati Uniti. Nelle sue imme¬ 
diate vicinanze si trova il luogo destinato all’ esposizione dei ca- 
valli, buoi, pecore, etc. etc. 

Sala orticolturale. Quest’ edificio di stile moresco b desti¬ 
nato a rimanere quale ornamento permanente del Parco. Esso 
b situato un poco a Settentrione del fabbricato principale. Ha 
una lunghezza di 383, una larghezza di 193 ed un’altezza di 72 
piedi. La vista dello Schuylkill e 1’ornato della fabbrica lo 
rendono uno dei piu attrattivi fabbricati. Il piano principale b 
occupato da una serra centrale lunga 230 e larga 80 piedi con 
55 piedi di altezza, sormontata da una terrazza lunga 170, larga 
20 ed alta 14 piedi. All’ intorno della serra gira una galleria 
alta 20 piedi, ed al Not’d e Sud si trovano 4 serre lunghe 100 al¬ 
te 30 piedi coperte da tetti ricurvi construiti di vetro e ferro. 
Sulla divisione di queste due serre da ciascun lato trovasi un 
vestibolo di 30 piedi quadrati. Nel centro dei lati Orientale ed 
Occidentale sonovi altri vestiboli, ed al fianco di questi trovansi 
ristoratori, ufficii, sale di ricezioni etc. Dai vestiboli per mezzo 
di scalinate si passa tanto alle gallerie interne della stufa, 
quanto alle 4 esterne. Queste gallerie sono connesse per mezzo di 
una grande passeggiata formata dal tetto delle camere del pian- 
terreno. Otto fontane adornano la serra principale. Il costo 
ascende a $253,927. 

Prima di citare alcuni dei diversi monumenti eretti dagli Stati 
Uniti o dalle nazioni estere, ci piace di fare osservare come 
quest’ Esposizione b la pifi. grande di tutte le altre che fiuora 
hanno avuto luogo, come pud rilevarsi dallo speccliietto qui 
sotto : 

Monaco jugeri 4 4 Londra 1861. 25. 6. 

Nuova York 4 2 Parigi 1867. 31. 

Inghilterra 1851. 18 6 Yieuna 1874. 56. 5. 

Parigi 1755. 22 1 Filadelfia “ 60. 

Monuviento a Gristoforo Colombo. Senza Colombo forse an- 
cora 1’ America sarebbe rimasta incognita. Da per tutto s’innal- 
zano statue a questo genio immortale. Era ben giusto che al- 


YADE MECUM. 


83 


1’ occasioue di questa festa mondiale, ed al cospetto del mondo 
intero si pagasse un tributo di riconoscenza alia sua memoria. 
L’iniziativa di qnesto monumento h dovato ad un gruppo d’ Ita- 
liani di Filadelfia, fra i quali pel loro zelo e per la loro energia si 
distinsero i Sigg. Viti console d’ Italia, Finelli, Lagomarsino. 

Qnesto monumento rappresenterd il grande navigatore al mo- 
mento di scoprire la terra. La statua sara in marmo bianco 
Ravazzioni. 

11 monumento a Witherspoon, trovasi al levante della galleria 
delle arti e consiste in una statua di bronzo su di un piedistallo 
di granito. Per coloro che lo ignorassero diremo come Giovanni 
Witherspoon di cui il nome e compreso fra i sottoscritt.ori della 
dichiarazione fu uno dei piit ardenti difensori dell’ Indipendenza 
Americana. 

IL monumento di Humboldt , consiste in una statua di bronzo 
alta nove piedi. 

La statua della libertd religiosa. Mentre gia tempo le creden- 
ze religiose s’ imponevano con la forza e per mezzo di tormenti, 
oggi, il progresso ha risvegliato nell’uomo il diritto ch’egli ha 
di pensare e credere quello che gli sembra il migliore tra i varii 
sistemi religiosi. In nessun’ altra nazione pero questa libertd 
sib sviluppata al pari degli Stati Uniti ove la massima dellTllu- 
stre Statista Oavour, Cliiesa libera in libero Stato, ha tutta la 
sua forza. Era ben giusto che al ricordo dell’ epoca felice della 
politica libertd si unisse quello ancora della religiosa. Gl’Israe- 
liti che una volta ingiustamente erano scacciati e respinti quali 
lebbrosi, hanna preso 1’ iniziativa di questo testimonio di rispetto 
alia libertd religiosa. La statua costa $30,000 ed unitamente al 
piedestallo ha 20 piedi di altezza. 

Statua di Penn. Colui al quale Filadelfia deve la sua esistenza 
non e stato dimenticato e la sua statua colossale di bronzo desti- 
nata alia cupola del Palazzo (Jomunale sardesposta per tutta la 
duratadell’ Esposizione. 

JEmancipazione, E questa una statua destinata a rappre- 
sentare i benefizi che 1’ uomo di colore sotto un governo libero 
gode, essendo eguale a tutti gli altri cittadini. 

Vicina alia sala delle macchine, in un viale chiamato viale 
della Fontana, trovasi la Fontana eretta daila Societd della 
totale astinenza. Un bacino di 40 piedi di diametro, ha nel 
suo centro un blocco di lavori di pietra sui quali si erge la 
statua di Mosh nell’attodi fare scaturire l’acqua dallo scoglio. 

11 paviylirne delle donne h destinato a contenere tutto quan¬ 
to ha rapporto al lavoro manuale delle donne degli Stati Uniti. 
Esso costa $40,000. 

Dirimpetto a questo Paviglione trovasi il fabbricato eretto 
dal Governo degli Stati Uniti che costa $65,000 e ch’h con- 
struito di legno e vetro. Tutti i dicasteri del governo hanno 


84 


YADE MECUM. 


esposto cose interessanti, e dietro a questo fabbricato si trova 
il luogo destinato, a ricevere ed alloggiare i cadetti. 

Sulla stessa linea della Galleria delle arti e dietro il fabbrica- . 
cato principale dell’ Esposizione trovasi la sala dei giudici 
lunga 152 piedi e larga 114. Nel centro trovasi una sala 
pubblica per conferenze, meeting etc. ed altra pill piccola per 
la commissione centenaria, le quali due sale possono essere 
riunite in una sola adatta a contenere 700 persone. Vi e pure 
una galleria superiore per le signore. L4 si riuniranno i giu¬ 
dici destinati a dare i premii agli esponenti. 

Sull’ eminenza di Belmont e stato eretto un osservatorio 
alto 185 piedi dove per un prezzo minimo, per lo spazio di 10 
minuti si pub godere la vista di tutta la citta. 

11 South h un ristorante, la cui grande sala pub contenere 
500 persone. Esso h di due piani con torri ed e lungo 140 
piedi sopra 96 di larghezza. • 


Cose riguardanti i visitatori Italiani. 

Se il visit atore scende in Nuova York fara bene di andare a 
visitare la scuola ltaliana, bellissimo fabbricato dovuto all’iuizia- 
tiva generosa dei Sigg. Fabbri, ed alia solerzia delSig. Cerqua. 

In Nuova York esistono due Chiese Italiane 1’una di culto 
cattolico e 1’ altra di culto protestante. 

Coloro che appartengono alia Fraternity massonica troveranno 
in Nuova York una loggia ltaliana. Un’ altra ne esiste in San 
Francesco. 

A Nuova York vi b una numerosa Societa ltaliana di mutuo 
soccorso. 

In Filadelfia esiste soltanto una Chiesa ltaliana cattolica la 
quale trovasi alia strada Marriott, fra la settima e 1’ottava. 

Vi & pure un’ assai numerosa societa di mutuo soccorso. 

'Panto in Nuova York che in Filadelfia i visitatori troveranno 
trattorie e birrerie Italiane. Qui in Filadelfia le principal^ 
sono i due bellissimi stabilimenti del Sig. Nunzio Finelli, 
1’ uno nella decima via, e 1’ altro nella via Chestnut passato la 
decimaterza via ; lo stabilimento del Sig. Malatesta situato ai 
Num. 408, al cantoue dell’ ottava strada Lombard.—Quello del 
Sig. Cavagnaro situato al Num. 424, al cantone della sesta via; 
La trattoria del Sig. Cabadi situata nella via ottava, e finalmen- 
te P Hotel del Sig. M. Quiroli, al Num. 641, al cantone della 
settima strada e Catharine. 


Fink. 



INDICE DELLE MATERIE. 


PAGINA 

Pichiarazione dell’ Indipendenza.3 

Constituzione degli Stati Uniti.18 

Kipcndamcnti alia Constituzione ..... 31 

Sommnrio dei Presidenti-della Kepubblica degli Stati 

Uniii . . ..35 

Goveino altnale degli Stati Uniti . ... .44 

Membri del Congrksso. Senato ..... 44 

Camera dei rappresentanti . 46 

Corpo Diplcmatico Estero accreditato a Washington e 

Ministri Americani all’ Estero.50 

Tarifle postali ....... .51 

Tarifl'e teiegrafiche . . . . . . .54 

Descrizione gonerale della cittA di Filadelfia . . .55 

Yie di Filadelfia ........ 59 

Piazze di Filadelfia.61 

Omnibus ......... 62 

Tarifla delle carrozze d’ affitto.67 

Consoli Esteri in Filadelfia ...... 67 

Teatri e luoghi di divertimento ..... C8 

Luoglii inleressanti.70 

Sala dei Carpentieri .... 72 

Chiesa del Cristo . . . . .73 

Penitenziario dell’ Est . . .73 

Collegio di Girard ..... 74 

Nuovo palazzo Munieipale ... 74 

Tcmpio Massonico ..... 75 

Parco di Fairmount .... 76 

Esposizione. —Fabbrieato priucipale .... 80 

Sala delle macehine .... 81 

Galleria delle arti ..... 81 

Sala dell’ agricoltura .... 82 

Sala orlicolturale . . . - . .82 

Diversi monumenti . . . .83 

Cose riguardanti i visitatori Italiani . 84 




































































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VADE MECUM, 



G U I A 

PARA EL QUE VISITE 


LA EXPOSICION DIFILADELFIA, 

EN EL 

CENTECIMO ANO DE LAINDEPENDENCIA AMERICANA. 

X' 

Por. A. NOBILE, 

i» 7 

MAESTRO DE ITAMANO Y FRANCES. 


TRADUCIDA AL OASTELLANO*POR 

el Dr. Y. ESPINAL, de Yenesuela. 


FILADELFIA: 

IMPRENTA DE COLLINS, 705 CALLE DE JAYNE. 

1876. 





Entered according to the Act of Congress, id the year 1876, by Sig. A. Nobile, in 
the Office of the Librarian of Congress. All rights reserved. 


























































































































































































































































































V A D E M E 0 U M, 

<5 

G U I A 

PARA LOS VISITADORES DE LA 

EXPOSICION DE FILADELFIA, 

EN EL CENTEOIMO AStO DE LA INDEPENDENCE AMERICANA. 


Declaracion de Independence el 4 de Julio de 1776. 

Siendo el objeto principal de la Exposicion de Filadelfia, con- 
meraorar la independence y libertad americatias en su centesimo 
afio, henios creido 6til e ingtruotivo dar d los que visiten esta 
ciudad con tal motivo, una rasena de corao se verified tal y tan 
trascendental acontencimiento el 4 de Julio de 1776. Titulo 
legitimo tiene el pueblo Americano para enorgullecerse de tan 
valienteresolucion, por lo que todo buen ciudadano, delos Estados 
Unidos, bien recida en ellos 6 en el extranjero celebra siempre 
con pompa y regocijo el aniversario de tan glorioso dia, tal cual 
los venezolanos celebran el 5 de Julio y acariciamos la esperanza 
de que nuestros sucesores, puedan algun dia conmemorar el de 
la Union suramericana. 

El primer Congreso Continental que se reunio en esta ciudad, 
en el edificio conocido con el nombre de Carpenter’s Hall (Salon, 
6 local de los Carpinteros) el 5 de Setiembre fue convocado con 
el objeto de consultarse mutuamente. Los diputados se reunieron 
llenos de dudas sobre lo que debia hacerse, siempre esperando 
mas contrariedades de parte del Gabinete ingles, no obstante el 
gran cdrnulo de males que ya sut'rian y que se hacian mas i mas 
int.olerables. Solo doce colonias enviaron sus representantes a 
esta asamblea. No estaba en ella representada La Georgia. 
Se lisonjeaban los delegados de hacer para entonces once meces 
que habian protestado contra las calamidades que previeron, y 
era despues de haberse dirijido en leal y humilde suplica al Rey.— 
Debian implorar el ausilio del pueblo de la Gran Bretana, d fin 
de que interpusiese su influjo, para impedir se llevasen d cum- 



4 


VADE MECUM. 


plido efecto las leyes hostiles d la America que habian emanado 
del Parlamento. No se decreto por tanto la resistencia, d me- 
nos que quiera reputarse portal, la resolucion de la proviucia de 
la Baia de Massachussetts, de nocumplir en ninguna maoera el 
tiltino cruel d injusto edicto del Parlamento. Los actos mas 
agresivos de esta asamblea fueron dos resoluciones, una contra 
la importacion, uso y venta de mercancias inglesas, que princi- 
paria desde el primero de Setiembre de 1775, debiendo igualmente 
cesar la exportacion para la Gran Bretaha y la India occidental, 
d menos que no se reparase la injusticia hasta entonces cometida. 
El Congreso se disolvio el 26 de Octubre; mas antes de disolverse 
dirijio su alocucion al pueblo, recomendandole reuniese otro Con¬ 
greso para el 10 de Mayo de 1775 en la misma ciudad de Fila- 
delfia si antes no se obtenia la reparacion de la injusticia. 

Fueron ilusiorias las esperanzas con que se separaron los 
miembros de este primer congreso, pues ninguna disposicion 
existia en el ministerio ni en el Parlamento ingles de hacer justi- 
cia d las reclamacioues del pueblo Americano. Se reunio el 
segundo Congreso con arreglo dlo acordado por el primero, el 10 
de Mayo en el palacio de Gobierno de Filadelfia. Los dele^dos 
diferian en mandatos y poderes. Unos seran elegidos por las 
asambleas provinciales, y representaban el Gobierno Colonial; 
otros por convenciones populares reunidas ad hoc contra el deseo 
de la autoridad colonial que no simpatizaba con el sentimiento 
americano. Por estas circunstancia los delegado se condujeron 
con suma prudencia. Los elegidos pt>r las asambleas coloniales 
no se atrevieron d extralimitar sus mandatos. Los elegidos por 
el pueblo se abstuvieron de usar de las facultades quetenian por 
ser relativamente demasiado grandes, concretnndose d lo que 
las circunstancias demandaban, y f’ue tal la prudencia que rallo 
en timidez. Aunque los rapresentantes, se condujeron conforme 
d sus instrucciones, y apesar de haberse dado las batallas de 
Lcxicton y Concordia antes de la reunion del Congreso, se limi- 
to este d autorizar meramente las medidas de detensa contra los 
ultrajes tiranicos del Gobierno ingles. Los hechos se precipi- 
taban y bastante ecxusa se encontro en la necesidad y apremio 
de las circunstancias. En la organizacion del ejercito y la de- 
terminacion de lo relativo d la defensa y hostilidades, los dele- 
gados procurarou ajustarse, en cuanto les fue posible, al espiritu 
de las instrucciones'que tenian. Yeamos algo de estas instruc¬ 
ciones. 

Connecticut eligio sus delegados el 3 de Noviembre de 1774 
“para unirse, con consulta, y en armonia con las otras colonias en 
la adopsion de las medidas que tendiesen al bien procomunal; ” 
siendo lo de esta dltima parte lo mas estenso de sus instrucciones, 
y el si esta comprendido en estas palabrasel poder acordar acto 
alguno de guerra, es asunto de muy dificil solucion. 

La Baia de Massachusetts por medio de su couvencion provin- 


VADE MECUM. 


5 


cial, fue mas esplisita y determinada en sus poderes, por ser la 
que mas sulriera la opresion inglesa, y eligio sus delegados en 5 
de Diciembre de 1774. Se acord6, pues, concederles “plenos 
poderes, para concertarse con los delegados de las otras colonias 
en las medidas que fuesen mas adaptables 4 fin de restablecer y 
recobrar los derechos y la libertad de los americanos, y no para 
reanudar la armonia entre la Colonia y la GranBretana. ” 

Maryland, por medio de una convencion, dio 4 sus delegados 
en 12 de Setiembre de 1774, el poder “de consultar i eonvenir en 
todas aquellas medidas que dicho congreso jusgare necesarias 
para obtener reparacion de los agravios;” en otra parte, aquella 
provincia se obligaba 4 “cumplir todas las determinaciones que 
4 dicho congreso plazca adoptar.” Esta era una autoridad ilimi- 
tada, sujeta solo 4 lo que dispusiesen las otras colonias. Pensilva- 
nia, por el voto de su asamblea, eligio sus delegados el 15 de 
Setiembre de 1774, autorizandoles para solo estar presentes, 
en el Congreso, sin mandato espreso de lo que debieran hacer. 

La Carolina del Sur, eligio sus delegados en la convencion pro¬ 
vincial celebrada el 11 de Enero de 1775 con “plenos poderes 
para *concertar, acordar, dirijir y ordenar las medidas que 
jusgasen convenientes dichos diputados y los delegados de las 
demas provincias americanas reuuidas, al efecto de recobrar y 
restablecer las franquicias y derechos de los americanos, y 4 res- 
taurar la paz y la armonia entre la Gran B retuna i las colonias.” 

La C4mara de los Comunes de la Carolina del Sur, ratified este 
mandato en 3 de Febrero “con plenos poderes y autoridad para 
acordar, aceptar, y llevar 4 ejecucion tales medidas, que dichos 
diputados en union de los otros jusgasen conducentes 4 la repa¬ 
racion de los danos.” 

Nueva Jersey, eligio sus representantes en la asamblea de 24 
de Enero de 1775, sin instrucciones de ningun genero y solo para 
desempenar cuanto hubiese lugar. 

Nueva Hampshire en 25 de Enero de 1775 por medio de una 
convencion confio, 4 sus delegados “ plenos y amplios poderes 
por lo que 4 esta provincia concierne paraconsentir en, y aderirse 
4 todas las medidas que dicho congreso jusgue necesarias 4 
obtener reparacion de los danos recibidos.” 

El bajo Condado del Delaware, (hoy Estado del mismo) por 
resolucion de la asamblea de 16 de Marzo de 1775, otorg6 poder 

4 sus delegados para “aderirse y concertarse en las medidas ulte- 
riores que fuesen mas adaptables al arreglo delas cuestiones que 
por desgracia habian surjido entre la Gran Bretana y sus colonias, 
bajo una base constitucional muy deseada de dicha asamblea.” 

Virginia eligib sus delegados en 20 de Marzo de 1775 sin 
especiales instrucciones. 

La Carolina del Norte, por medio de convencion al efecto, en 

5 de Abril del mismo ano de 1775 dio 4 sus delegado “poderes 
para dictar todo lo conducente al bien dela provincia, y al honor 

1 * 


6 


VADE MECUM. 


de sus habitantes. ” La asamblea de la provincia ratified dos 
dias mas tarde dichos poderes. 

Nueva York en convencion provincial de22 de Abril, tres dias 
despues de la batalla de Lexington, concida ya de todos, uombro 
sus delegados “ para que se pusiesen de acuerdo y concertasen 
todas las disposiciones que jusgasen mas oportunas para conser- 
var y restablecer el derecho americano, y para restablecer la 
armonia entre las Colonias, y la Gran Bretana. ” 

La isla de Rhodes (Rhode Island) y los territories de Provi- 
dencia por voto de la respectiva asamblea en 7 de Mayo, ordena- 
ron a sus diputados “ consultar con los delegados de las otras 
provincias la adopcion de medidas que tendiesen k obtener 
la derogatoria de los varios actos del Parlamento Ingles, que 
imponian contribuciones a los subdito, de Su Majestad en Ameri¬ 
ca sin anuencia de estos; y solo para consultar las medidas que 
condujesen al restablecimiento de los derechos y la libertad de 
las colonias sobre bases solidas y justas.” 

La Georgia, que no mando diputados al primer congreso, 
tampoco mando a este segundo que se reunio apenas cuatro meces 
despues de cerradas las sesiones del primero. Mas, ocurrio que 
el Dr. Lyman Hall se presento el 12 de Mayo como representante 
de la parroquia de San Juan, nombrado por los ciudadanos de 
la misma y fue recibido como tal; pero la colonia de Georgia no 
eligio sus delegados liasta el 4 de Julio que no concurrieron al 
congreso de Filadelfia hasta el 12 deSetiembre. La Convencion 
de Georgia, encargo 4 sus delegados “ transijir v convenir con 
los otros delegados de las demas colonias 6 provincias del conti- 
nente en todos los actos, y hechos que pareciesen mas adapta- 
bles en las circunstancias mas criticas & la conservacion y defensa 
de nuestros derechos y franquicias y a restaurar la armonia entre 
la Gran Bretana y la America. ” 

El objeto aparente era el restablecimiento en lo posible de la 
buena armonia con la Gran Bretana. Si el Ministerio ingles 
hubiese podido comprender mejor el espiritu de los americanos, 
habria sabido evitar un funesto error. Pero aquel, orgulloso, 
vano y presuntuoso, se figure que el castigo podria reducir 
las colonias. Se imaginaron ellos que la America no desea- 
ba separarse de la Gran Bretana, y no previeron que la tirantez 
continua, al fin forzaria la America k asumir su indepencia. Las 
hostilidades continuaron por oclio largos meces. La montana de 
Bunker (Bunker Hill,) habia sido atacada por los ingleses con 
inmensas perdidas. Charlestown habia sido insendiada. Fin- 
conderoga y Crown Point estaban en poder de los Americanos 
que las habian ocupado. La espedicion del Canada a las ordenes 
de Arnoldo v Mongomery, habia penetrado en los lugares salva¬ 
ges, y despnes de un valeroso batallar y de padecimientos inaudi- 
tos, sus esfuerzos fueron inutiles. Nueva York habia caido en 
nniuos de los ingleses. Habia habido combates en tierra y mar 


VADE MECUM. 


7 


y los subditos ingleses combatian solo por asegurar. los derechos 
que jusgaban debian tener como tales. Los Whigs, exaltados, 
pensaban si en hacerse independientes y estudiaban el como llegar 
& tan gran resultado; al paso que otros temian y se alarmaban 
de que tal tentativa de independence tuviese lugar. Nada se 
liabia dicho ni escrito sobre punto tan vital, cuando en 15 de 
Enero de 1776 Roberto Bell, un librero que vivia en la calle 3 a . 
en Filadelfia. dio a luz la primera publicacion de un optisculo 
titulado: “ Sentido Comun, ” en que aparecieron los primeros 
argumentos en favor de la independence absoluta del poder de 
Inglaterra. Estaba bien escrito, y era convincente y en armonia 
con el pensamiento de todo buen patriota. Se tiraron varias 
ediciones de este optisculo, y se sabe fue su autor un tal Tomas 
Paine, ingles que apenas leeia poco mas de un ano que estaba 
en America “ El sentido Comun” fue refutado por otro llamado 
“La verdad Patente” y la discusion hizo que la cuestion de inde- 
pendencia fuese a la mcnte de toda la America. Aun estaban 
los delegados al congreso bajo el influjo de la prudencia de las 
instrucciones, que habian obtenidocon su eleccion. Nueva Jersey 
despues de la publicacion de El sentido Comun, el 14 deFebre- 
ro eligio sus delegados; pero no les dio nuevas ordenes. La 
Camara de representantes de los paises bajos del Delaware en 
22 de Marzo, indujo a sus delegados a escogitiir y aprovechar 
la oportunidad de una reconciliacion con la Gran Bretana, bajo ta¬ 
les principios que asegurasen k sus constituyentes el goce pleno y 
duradero de todas las libertades y privilegios justos.” La Caro¬ 
lina del Norte, dio su primera aprobacion en 22 de Abril, epoca 
en que entraban en sus funciones los representantes de laColonia 
por el voto de la Convencion “para concurrir con los delegados 
de las otras colonias, a establecer la independencia” La Conven¬ 
cion de Virginia en 15 de Mayo, resolvio unanimamente “ que sus 
delegados fuesen autorizados para proponer al Congreso, declarar 
las colonias unidas, Estados libres e independentes, y desligados 
del todo de cualquiera. obediencia a la Corona 6 Parlamenlo 
Ingleses, y para que manifeslasen el asentimiento de aquella 
colonia en tal declaracion y en las medidas conducentes, k formar 
alianzas extranjeras, y una confederacion de las colonias, so con- 
dicion de que el poder de formar un Gobierno para la direccion 
de sus asunto peculiares quedase a las respectivas legislaturas 
coloniales. ” De conformidad con este mandato, Ricardo Emrique 
Lee, de Virginia, el viernes 7 de Junio hizo la siguiente mocion 
apoyada por Juan Adams de Massachussetts. 

“ Resuelto: que estas colonias unidas son y de derecho deben 
ser estados independientes y libres; que estan desligadas de 
toda obediencia a la Corona de Inglaterra, y que cualquiera re- 
lacion entre diclias colonias 6 estados, y el Estado de la Gran 
Bretana es y debe ser del todo disuelta.” 

Esta proposicion se puso en discucion y en los dios 8 y 10 


8 


YADE MECUM. 


de Junio se acord6 diferir la consideracion del asunto hasta el 
primer lunes de Julio “y al rnismo tiempo, y para ganar este, 
case que el Congreso lo aprobase, se acordo nornbrar una comi- 
sion para que preparase la declaracion de acuerdo con dicha 
resolucion. Al siguiente dia anuncib el Fresidente Hancok estar 
compuesta la comision de Tomas Jefferson de Virginia, Juan 
Adams de Massachussetts, Benjamin Franklin de Pensilvania, 
Rogerio Sherman de Connecticut y Roberto R. Livingston de 
NuevaYork. Al dia seguiente se nombrd otra comision cuyo 
presidente fue Josias Barlet de Nuevo Hampshir, “con el fin 
de preparar la forma de una confederacion entre estas colonias” 
y otra comision se encargo de formular un tratado con las, 
potencias extranjeras de que fue presidente Juan Dickinson de 
Pensilvania. 

Las determinaciones de la Carolina del Norte y de Virginia sir- 
vieron de modelo para la accion de las otras colonias. La asam- 
blea de Connecticut en 14 de Junio, ordeno d sus delegados al 
congreso “ favorecer la independence, la confederacion y la 
alianza con las naciones extranjeras.” 

Nuevo Hampshire en 15 de Junio voto “ en favor de la decla¬ 
racion de las 13 provincias uuidas, Estados lib res e independien- 
tes, y empenaron snlemnemente su palabra de honor para soste- 
ner tales medidas con sus vidas y propiedades.” 

Nueva Jersey, por una convencion provincial, eligio nuevos 
delegados eh 21 de Junio, dandole por instrucciones que “si 
jnsgasen necesario i dtil d su designio les autorizaban para unirse 
a los demas en declarar las colonias libres de La Inglaterra.” 

La Asamblea de Pensilvania en 13 de Junio dicto resoluciones 
para sus delegados, que liabian sido elegidos por una asamblea 
que podia llamarse no autorizada. Recibieron ellos el mandato 
de concurrir con los otros delegados “ a forniar tales pactos, a 
convenir en tales tratados con las demas naciones 6 Estados ex- 
tranjeros y adoptar tales medidas que pudiesen, segun las cir- 
cunstancias, ser de necesidad para promover la libertad y salva- 
cion de la America ” Muy diferente fue el lenguaje de la 
Conferencia provincial reunida en Filadelfia el 24 de Junio. En 
ella denuncio esta al Rey George 111 de haber violado los princi- 
pios de la Constitucion Inglesa i de otros inuchos actos contra 
el pueblo Americano, injustos i arbitrarios en su caracter, en que 
tambien el Parlamento habia tornado parte, y estos delegados 
conocian; diciendo “ en publica forma por nuestro propio bien 
y con la aprobacion autoridad i asentimiento de nuestros 
comitentes, declaramos unanimemente que es nuestro querer y vo- 
luntad concurrir d votar en el Congreso la declaracion de 
la libertad e independencia de las colonias y constituirlas en 
Estados Unidos. 

El Delaware en 14 de Junio, el mismo dia en que la asam¬ 
blea de Pensilvania ordeno debilmente d sus delegados concu- 


VADE MECUM. 9 

rir k la formacion de los pactos entre las colonias y los Reinos 
Extranjeros, habl6 casi en igual sentido. 

En cuanto al consentimiento de la independencia, parece 
que al principio de Julio solo cinco estados, esto es, La Ca¬ 
rolina del Norte, Virginia, Nuevo Hampshire, Nueva Jersey, 
v Pensilvania, la filtima por medio de su Conferencia provin¬ 
cial en oposicion con su asamblea. habiah consentido en las 
medidas extremas.El 28 de Junio, la Comision de Jefferson pre- 
Sent6 un proyecto de declaracion de independencia. El primero 
de Julio se puso al orden del dia la propuesta por Enrique Lee, se- 
gun lo habia antes acordado el mismo cuerpo. El informe de la eo- 
inision general de acceder a la resolution i presentarla al Congre- 
so, fue acojido con el siguiente escrutinio. Nuevo Hampshire, Nue¬ 
va Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, Massachussetts, Connecticut, 
Rhode Island, Carolina del Norte, y Georgia, votaron en pro, Pen¬ 
silvania y Carolina del Sur en contra; Delaware, no voto por que 
sus dos delegados presentes, fueron de parecer opuesto. Nueva 
York no voto por que no estaba comprendido en su maudato el 
objeto de la independencia. Aprobada la resolution en co¬ 
mision general con el voto de nueve colonias, se presentd al 
Congreso para su aprobacion final. Al momento de ponerse 
(\ votacion en el Congreso, Rutledge, delegado de la Carolina 
del Sur, liizo motion de diferir el acto hasta el siguiente dia 
2 de Julio con la esperanza de que en ese tiempo sus colegas 
de la misma colonia estarian prontos k votar en favor de la 
resolution. El voto 'se difirio hasta el dia indicado y desapa- 
recio asi el o-bsUlculo que impedia la. unanimidad en la votacion. 

De los nueve delegados de Pensilvania, solo siete se encon- 
trarou presentes en la reunion de la Comision general del pri¬ 
mero de Julio. Eduardo Biddle estaba enfermo, y Andres 
Allen estaba unido 6 pronto .4 unirse al partido de la Inglaterra. 
Los otros delegados, Juan Dickinson, Roberto Morris, Carlos 
Humphreys i Tomas Williug votaron contra la motion deque 
se pusiese en discusion la proposition de Lee. Benjamin Frank¬ 
lin, Juan Morton y Juan Wilson votaron en favor. El voto 
de Pensilvania se perdio por solo uno de mayoria. La 
Carolina del Sur unanimemente voto en contra. Delaware, como 
ya dijimos, no voto estando McKean en favor de las resolucion, 
Read en contra, y Rodney ausente. El 2 de Julio hubo un cam- 
biainiento, Rodney se unio al Delaware y voto en favor y este 
Estado se conto entre los que estaban por la independecia. 
La Carolina del Sur cambio de opinion y por unanimidad se 
decidid por la independencia. Pensilvania voto por la inde¬ 
pendencia, no con la mayoria de sus delegados sino con la de 
las personas. Juan Dickinson y Roberto Morris no asistieron 
k la sesion del 2 de .Julio. La rapresentacion se redujo4solo 
cinco miembros. Tres de estos Franklin, Morton y Wilson vo- 
toron en favor; Humphrey y Willing en contra, y asi con la 


10 


VADE MECUM. 


tercera parte de los delegados de Pensilvania se conto el voto 
de esta provincia entre los que estaban en pro de la resoluciou. 

El dia 2 de Julio de 1776, la resolucion que declaraba las 
colonias unidas “Estados libres e independientes,” fue sanciona- 
da por el voto unanime de 12 colonias, escusandose Nueva 
York de tomar parte en la votacion. Cual hubiera sido el 
pensamiento de los delegados con respecto 4 la validez de la 
votacion si hubiese habido solo una simple rnayoria, comosiete 4 
estados, por ejemplo, no podemos saber. Evidentemente, piles, 
contaban con el consentimiento de todos los trece en favor de 
la separacion; habia solo nueve en la comision general el dia 
primero de Julio, y onceclaros, por deci lo asi, el dia dos, y si se 
quiere doce por que pueda contarse el dudoso de Pensilvania. 

Despues de adoptada la resolucion de Lee, se procedio 4 
discutir la forma de la declaracion en los dias 3 y 4 adop- 
tandose algunas modificaciones en el Ultimo dia. En la vota¬ 
cion sucedio lo mismo anterior; doce en favor, v la abstension 
de Nueva York, contandose a Pensilvania tambien como el 
dia dos, tres contra dos, Morris, Dickinson, Biddle y Allen ausen- 
te. El estado de Nueva York resolvib aprobar la declaracion 
de independencia por convencion, y quesus delegados al Con- 
greso pudiesen adoptar y concertar todas las medidas necesarias. 
He aqui el motivo porque aim cuando la declaracion fue pri- 
meramente en “El Paquete de Dunlap,’’del 6 de Junio, se la llamo 
“ Una declaracion de los representantes de los Estados Unidos 
de America reuuidos en Congreso” El dia 19 de Julio, cuatro 
dias despues que llego al seno del Congreso la determinacion 
de Nueva York, se resolvio que la declaracion se imprimiese 
en pergamino, con el siguiente titulo “Unanime declaracion de 
los trece Estados Unidos de America,” y que la firmasen to- 
dos lo miembros del Congreso. 

Por casi cien aims se ha conservado un error, por la ma- 
nera con que sepublicb tan importante documentoen el diario 
del Congreso. Actkins i Dunlap, en su edicion del dicho diario del 
Congreso, publicada en 1778, en la minuta del 4 de Julio, di- 
cen •• Hahiendose leido la declaracion, se aprobb como sigue: 
Aqui sigue la declaracion y las firmas de 55 rapresentantes, 
Tomas McKean, del Delaware, que indudable- 


faltando la de 
mente firmo y 
la declaracion 
mismas puestas el 2 
ese dia; pues que 8 


que por tanto formo el n.° 56. Las firmas de 
.en esta copia, no fueron, ni pndieron ser las 
de Julio de 1776, si se formo alguna en 
de los firmantes no eran para entonces 


Congreso. 


Si es la copia del 


2 de Agostoylas 
4 de Noviembre 
minuta suscrita 


miembros del 

firmas que la autorizan antes 6 despues del 
la publicada en el diario de Dunlap con la 
en 4 de Julio. Este error 6 intercalacion did origen a 
confusion entre los historiadores y escritores. Si como dice 
JelTerson la declaracion fue suscrita por todos los miembros 




gran 


VADE MECUM. 


11 


presentes, el 4 de Julio, es cosa estrana que no se publicasen 
los nombres con la copia contemporanea de dicho documento. 

No aparece ningun otro nombre en la copia oficial espedida 
por el Oongreso, y publicada por disposicion del mismo en los 
diarios y entre las firmas de Juan ‘Hancock, presidente y 
Carlos Thonson secretario. Jusgainos que es importante el 
analis que daremos de los votos de los miembro del Congreso so- 
bre la resolucion de Lee y la declaracion, acom panadas db la opi¬ 
nion de dichos miembros. 

Miembros del Congreso de Julio, de 1776. 

New Hampshire, electos el 29 de Febrero de 1776. 

Guillermo H. Whipple. Juan Langdon, Josia Barlett. 

Massachussetts, 9 de Febrero de 1776. Juan Kancock, Samuel 
Adams, Juan Adams, Roberto Treat Paine, Elbridge Gerry. 

Connecticut 9 de Enero de 1776. Rogerio Sherman, Oliverio 
Walcott. Samuel Huntingdon, Tito Hosmer, Guillermo Williams. 

New York, 11 Mayo 1776. Felipe Livingston, Jacobo Duane, 
Juan Alsop, Guillermo Floyd, Luis Morris, Juan Jay, Enrique 
Wisner, Felipe Schuyler, Jeorge Clinton, Francisco Luis, Ro¬ 
berto R. Livingston, hijo. 

New Jersey 28 de Junio, 1776. Ricardo Stockton, Abraan 
Clark, Juan Hart, Francisco Hopkinson, Dor. Juan Witherspoon. 

Pensilvania, 3 de Noviembre 1775, Juan Morton, Juan Dikin- 
son Morris, Benjamin Franklin, Carlos Humphreys, Eduardo 
Biddle, Tomas Willing, Andres Allen y Jacobo Wilson. 

Las provinces del bajo Delaware, 11 de Mayo del 1775, Cesar 
Rodney, Tomas McKean y George Read. 

Meryland 13 de Setiembre 1775, Mateo Thilgman, Tomas 
Johnson, hijo, Roberto Goldsborongh, Guillermo Paca, Tomas 
Stone, i Juan Hall. 

Virginia, 13 de Setiembre de 1775, Ricardo Enrique Lee, To¬ 
mas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Tomas Nelson, George Wethe, 
Francisco Lightfoot Lee, 23 de Febrero de 1776 Carter Braxton. 

La legislatura de Virginia habia hecho una nueva elecion el 
30 de Junio, pero no se presentaron las credenciales hasta el 28 
de Agosto. 

La Carolina del Norte 11 de Mayo 1776, Guillermo Hooper, 
Jose Herves; 13 de Octubre Juan Penn. 

La Carolina del Sur, 24 de Abril' 1776, Tomas Lynch, Juan 
Rutledge, Eduardo Rutledge, Arturo Middleton, Tomas Hey¬ 
ward, hijo, Tomas Lynch, hijo. 

Georgia 20 de Mayo 1776, Lyman Hall, Bulton Gwinnett, 
Arcibaldo Bullock, Juan Houston. George Walton. 

Rhode Island, 14 Mayo 1776, Esteban Hapkins, Guillermo 
Ellery. 

Miembros del Congreso, de 4 Julio 1776, que no firmaron la 
declaracion. 

New Hampshire, Juan Langdon. 


12 


VAI)E MECUM. 


Connecticut, Tito Hosmer. 

New York, Jacobo Duane, John Alsop, Juan Say, Enrique 
Wisner, George Clinton, Roberto R. Livingston, hijo, Felipe 
Shuyler. 

Pensilvania, Juan Dickinson, Carlos Humphreys, Eduardo 
Biddle, Tomas Willing, Andres Allen. 

Maryland, Mateo Tilghman, Tomas Johnson, hijo, Roberto 
Goldsborongh, Juan Hall. 

Carolina del Sur, Juan Rutledge, Tomas Lynch, hijo. 

Algunos de estos tuvieron motivos: Langdon de New Hamp¬ 
shire, habia sido nombrado agente de las tierras de dicha colonia 
el 25 de Junio y probablemente no estuvo por esto presente en 
el Congaeso: Hosmer de Connecticut, era solo suplente, y por 
tanto no tenia derecho de votar estando presente el principal. 

Los delegados de New York, segun sus instrucciones no se con- 
siderabau autorizados para votar; Biddle de Pensilvania estaba 
enfermo; Dickinson Humphreys, y Willing eran de opinion con- 
traria & la independencia. Allen se habia asombrado de ver el 
cnrso que habian tornado los hechos, y se oponia tambien k la inde¬ 
pendencia, y en Diciembre de 1776 se puso bajo la proteccion 
del General Harve; Solo Sborongh y Hall, de Maryland fueron 
sustituidos el 18 de Julio y no tuvieron por tanto oportunidad de 
firmar la declaracion el 2 de Agosto. Tilghman y Johnson, fueron 
reelectos. Porque no firmaron la declaracion, no se sabe. Tomas 
Lynch, hijo de la Carolina del Sur estaba enfermo, Juan Rut¬ 
ledge, del mismo Est.ado estaba prenarando una Constitucion 
para aquel, Arcibaldo Bullock de Georgia era el presidente deesta 
Colonia, y no se encontraba en Filadeltia. 

Miembros del Congreso que votaron contra la declaracion de 
Independencia y que ni aim despnes la firmaron: 

Pensilvania, Roberto Morris. 

Provincias, del bajo Delaware George Read. 

Que firmaron la declaracion sin ser miembros del Congreso al 
tiempo en que se adoptb: 

New Hampshire, Mateo Johnson, enviado el 4 de Noviem- 
bre 1776. 

La declaracion de independecia fue redactada por Jefferson v 
examinada, y ligeramente enmendada por Franklin y Adams. La 
escribio Jefferson en la sala del seguudo piso de la casa de Jaco¬ 
bo Graff, en la esquina Sur veste de las calles 7, y Market que 
actualmente existe Jefferson estaba alojado en dicha casa y en la 
piesa 6 sala indicada, y segun dice 61 mismo en una carta que di- 
rije al Dr. Jacobo Mease la declaracion de independencia fue 
escrita alii. El Congreso adopto dicha declaracion en una sesion 
secreta. El 4 de Julio se sabia ya que la resolucion, 6 sea, el acto 
mas energico contra la Gran Bretana se habia aprobado por el 
Congreso desde el dia 2. La declaracion fue solo una exposi¬ 
tion de las razones que tenian para aprobar la resolucion,* una 


YADE MECUM. 


13 


defensa del acto ya consumado. No bubo exitacion de ninguna 
especie cuando se adopto la declaracion. En el heeho no se co- 
nocio su caracter sino dos dias despnes, cuando se publico en el 
periodico de Dunlap. El 5 de Julio, espidio el Congreso una cir¬ 
cular 4 todas las asambleas, convenciones, municipalidades &. 
de los varios estados, exijiendoles se publicase la indicada decla- 
racio, lo que generalmente se hizo. La leyo al pueblo de Fila- 
delfia el lunes 8 de Julio, Juan Nixon, en el patio del palacio de 
gobierno, desde un observatorio erijido en 1769 por la Sociedad 
filosofica para ver el paso de Venus. Nixon era raiembro de la 
municipalidad y leyo la declaracion en vez del Sindico por haberse- 
le exijido lo hiciese. Despues de la comida seleyo el mismo docu- 
mento 4 los cinco batallones que habia. Se quito del frontis del 
edificio de la Suprema Corte el escudo de armas del Rey. lo que 
ejecuto una Comision nombrada al efecto, y se quemo por la tarde 
entre las aclamasiones de alegria de una multitud loca de entu- 
ciasrno; hubo fuegos artificiales, lascarapanas se echaron a vuelo, 
y la mas notable de todas, la de la antigua casa gubernativa, fun- 
dida 24 anos antes, teniendo de relieve en su pabellon el profetico 
y remarcable lema “ Proclamd lalibertad de latierru 4 todos los 
habitantes. ” 

Jusgamos agradar4 4 nuestros lectores, publicar aqui el testo 
de la declaracion. 


ACTA DE LA DECLARACION DE INDEPENDENCIA 
HECHA EL 4 DE JULIO DE 1776. 

DECLARACION DE LOS RAPRESENTANTES DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS 
DE AMERICA, REUNIDOS EN CONGRESO. 


Cuando en el curso de los acontecimientos liumanos se hace 
necesario que un pueblo rompa los lazos politicos que lo ligau 
con otro, para ocupar entre las naciones una posion indepen- 
diente y adecuada al derecbo que Dios y los hombres le conce- 
den, el respeto que se debe 4 las opiniones del mundo exije la 
manifestacion de las causas que le impelen 4 separarse. 

Sostenemos como verdades palmarias que todos los hombres 
son iguales por la naturaleza; que 4 todos les ha dotado el Cria- 
dor con eiertos derechos inalienables, entre los cuales figuran la 
vida, la libertad y la procuracion de la felicidad. Que, para la 
seguridad de estos derechos lueron establecidos los gobiernos, 
cuyo legitimo poder dimana del consentimiento de los gobernados: 
que siempre que una forma de gobierno llega 4 convertirse en 
instrumento para destruir estos fines, incumbe al pueblo el de- 
recho de cambiarla 6 abolirla, y crear un nuevo gobierno, bas4n- 
dolo en los principios y organiz4ndolo en la forma que mejor 
2 



14 


VADE MECUM. 


convenga Ala realization de su seguridad y bienestar. Yerdad 
es que la prudencia aconseja que no se cambien por motives 
leves y transitorios los gobiernos que tienen muclios aiios de 
existencia, y por esto vemos que la sociedades, cuando sus males 
son llevaderos, se inelinan mas A sufrirlos que A vindicar sus de- 
rechos, rebelAndose contra el regimen A que se les ha acostum- 
brado. Mas cuando una larga sArie de usurpaciones y abusos, 
encaminados todos A un mismo fin, descubren el designio de so- 
meter A los gobernados A un despotismo absoluto, estos tienen 
un derecho, todavia mas, un deber de derrocar el gobierno que 
tal intenta, proporcionAndose nuevas garantias de su seguridad 
futura. Tal ha sido el paciente sufrimiento de estas colonias, y 
tal es ahora la necesidad que las impele A cambiar su primitivo 
sistema de gobierno. La historia del actual rey de la Gran Bre- 
tafia es una historia de repetidas injurias y usurpaciones, teniendo 
todas por objeto direeto. el establecimiento de una tirania abso- 
luta en estos Estados. En eomprobacion de ello, espondremos 
los hechos al mundo impartial. 

El rey de Iuglaterra ha negado su sancion A las leyes mas con- 
venientes y necesarias para el bien pfiblico: 

Prohibio A sus gobernadores que espidieran decretos de una 
importancia inmediata y urgente, A menosque se suspendiese su 
ejecucion hasta que el los aprobase, y una vez suspendidos, los 
olvidaba completumente: 

Rehus6 sancionar otras disposiciones, que era convenientes A 
una parte muy numerosa del pueblo, A no ser bajo la condition 
de que el pueblo mismo renunciase al derecho de representation 
en la legislatura, derecho tan precioso para los gobernados como 
formidable para los tirunos : 

Oonvoeo los euerpos legislatives A lugares no acostumbrados, 
incomodos y distantes de los archivos publicos, para cansarlos 
de esta manera. y obligarlos A secundar sus miras: 

Disolvi6 repetidas veces las cAmaras representativas porque 
se oponian con varonil firmeza A permitir que atropellase los de- 
rechos del pueblo : 

Despues de haberlas disuelto, rehuso por largo tiempo el per- 
miso de que se eligieran otras; poresta razon el poder legislative, 
que no puede ser aniquilado, volvio A todo el pueblo que debe 
ejercerlo, quedando el Estado entretanto es]>uesto A todos los 
peligros de una invasion exterior, y de las eonvulsiones interiores: 

Se ha esforzado en impedir queaumente laproblacion de estos 
Estados, A cuyo fin ha puesto obstAculos A las leyes sobre natu¬ 
ralization de los extranjeros; se ha negado A sancionar otras 
para promover la inmigracion, y ha hecho mas dificiles las 
nuevas adquisiciones de terrenos : 

Entorpecio la administration de justicia, negando su asenti- 
miento A las leyes que facultaban competentemente A los tribu¬ 
nals : 


VADE MECUM. 


15 


Ha constituido 4 los jueces on nn estado do absolute depen- 
dencia de su voluntad en cuanto 4 su estabilidad, y al inonto y 
pago de fins sueldos : 

Ha creado una multitud de empleos nuevos, mand4ndonos 
enjambres de empleados para hostilizar al pueblo y arrebatarle 
el fruto de su trabajo : 

Ha mantenido aqiu ejercitos permanentes en tiempo de paz, 
sin el consentimiento de nuestras legislatures: 

Ha querido constit.uir al poder militar independiente, y aun 
superior al poder eivil: 

8e ha eoludido con otros para sujetarnos 4 una gurisdiecion 
estrana 4 nuestra constituc.ion y desconocida en nuestras leyes, 
sancionando los actos de su pretendida legislaeion: 

Para aeuartelar entre nosotros grandes cuerpos de tropas 
armadas : 

Para eximirlas, mediante algunos juicios de burlas, del castigo 
por los asesinatos que cometieran en los habituates de estos 
Estados : 

Para impedir nuestro comercio con todo el mundo : 

Para imponermos contribuciones sin nuestro consentimiento: 

Para privarnos en muchos casos de los beneficios del jurado: 

Para trasportarnos mas all4 de los mares, y encausarnos por 
supuestos delitos : 

Para abolir el sistemalibre de las leyes inglesas en una pro- 
vincia vecina, estableeiendo en ella un gobierno arbitrario y 
ensanchando sus limites, con el objeto de convertirlo 4 la vez en 
ejemplo e instrumento para la iutroduccion del mismo regimen 
despdtico en estas colonias : 

Para arrebataruos nuestras c4rtas de fundacion y abolir nues¬ 
tras leyes mas importantes, alterando en puntos esenciales las 
facultades de nuestros gobiernos: 

Para suspender nuestras legislateras, declar4ndose investido 
con el poder de legislar sobre nosotros, en todos los casos, 
cualesquiera que fueseti. 

El mismo rey ha abdicado aqui su gobierno, declar4ndonos 
fuera de su proteccion y haciendonos la guerra. 

Ha autorizado saqueos en nuestros mares, asolado nuestras 
costas, quemado nuestras ciudades, y privado de la existencia 
4 nuestras conciudadanos. 

Est4 en la actualidad trayendonos ejercitos numerosos de 
extranjeros mercenarios, para consumer su yacomenzada obra 
de muerte, desolacion y tirania. con circunstancias de crueldad 
y perfidia apenas comparables con las de los tiempos de bar- 
barie, 4 indignas del jefe de una uacion civiliz.ida. 

Ha obligado 4 nuestros conciudadanos apresados en alia mar, 
4 hacer annas contra su propio pais, y 4 ser verdugos de sus 
hermanos y amigos, 6 perecer 4 manos de ellos. 

11a protnovido insurrecciones domesticas entre nosotros, y 


16 


VADE MECUM. 


se ha esforzado en atraer sobre los habitantes de nuestras fron- 
teras A los indios salvages, cuya unica ley en la guerra es la 
destruction, sin respetar edades, sexos ni condiciones. 

En cada uno de estos actos de opresion, hemos solicitado el 
remedio en los tArminos mas suplicatorios, y nuestras repeti- 
das stiplieas solo han sido contestadas con repetidas injurias. 
Un principe que en todos sus actos as! revela el caracter de 
un tirano, es indigno de gobernar a un pueblo libre. 

Por otra parte, no hemos fait ado A los miramientos debidos 
A nuestros hermanos, los ingleses. Mas de uua vez hemos 
llamado su atencion sobre las tentativas de su legislatura, para 
ejercer sobre nosotros una jurisdiccion insostenible; les hemos 
recordado las circunstancias de nuestra emigracion y el por 
que nos establecimos aqui; hemos apelado A su natural justi- 
cia y magnanimidad, conjur&ndolos por los lazos de pareutesco 
que nos unen, a que descoDocieran la usurpacion. que forzosa- 
mente habia de producir el rompimiento de nuestra union y 
confraternidad. Elios tambien desoyeron la voz de la justicia 
y de la sangre. Debemos por lo expuesto aceptar la necesidad 
indeclinable de nuestra separation, y considerarlos lo mismo 
que al resto del genero humano; enemigos en la guerra, y du¬ 
rante la paz, amigos. 

Nos, por tan to, los representantes de los Estados Unidos 
de America, reunidos en Govgreso General , apelaudo al Su¬ 
premo Juez del Uni verso por lo que hate A la rectitud de 
nuestras intenciones, en nombre y con la autoridad del meri- 
torio pueblo de estas colonias, solemnemente publicamos y 
declaramos: Que estas Colonias Unidas son, y por derecho 
deben ser, Estados L/ibres d In depend ien tes: que se libertan 
de toda sumision a la corona de Inglaterra, y que todo li- 
gamen politico entre ellas y el reino de la Gran Bretana 
debe quedar y queda totalmente disuelto; y que como Estados 
Lihres 6 Ind'ependientes tienen plenos poderes para declarar la 
guerra, hacer la paz, contraer alianzas, establecer el comercio, 
y para todo lo que los Estados IndependitTites tienen derecho 
de hacer. Y al sostenimiento de esta declaration, con lirme 
confiauza en la protection de la Divina Providencia, nos em- 
pehamos mutuamente la vida, la fortuna y la honra que nos 
partenecen. 

La precedente declaration fue registrada por orden del Con- 
greso y firrnada por los miembros que siguen. 

John Hancock. 

Por New Hampshire. 

Josiah Bartlett—William Whipple—Matthew Thornton. 

Por Massachusetts Bay. 

Samuel Adams—John Adams—Elbridge Gerry. 


N 


VADE MECUM. 


17 


Por Rhode Island. 

Stephen Hopkins—William Ellery. 

Por Connecticut. 

Roger Sherman—Samuel Huntington—William Williams— 
Oliver Wolcott. 

Por New York. 

William Floyd—Philip Livingston—Francis Lewis—Lewis 
Morris. 

Por New Jersey. 

Richard Stockton—John Wetherspoon—Francis Hopkinson— 
John Hart—Abraham Clark. 

Por Pennsylvania. 

Robert Morris—Benjamin Rush—Benjamin Franklin—John 
Morton—George Olyiner—James Smith—George Taylor—James 
Wilson—George Ross. 

Por Delaware. 

Czesur Rodney—George Read—Thomas M’Kean. 

Por Maryland. 

Samuel Chase—William Paca—Thomas Stone—Charles Car- 
roll, of Carrollton. 

Por Virginia. 

George Whyte—Richard Enry Lee—Thomas Jefferson—Ben-. 
jamin Harrison—Thomas Nelson, hijo—Francis Lightfoot Lee— 
Carter Braxton. 

Por North Carolina. 

William Hooper—Joseph Hewes—John Penn. 

Por South Carolina. 

Edward Rutludge.— 

Por Giorgia. 

Button Gwinett—Lyman Hall—George Walton—Thomas 
Heyward, hijo—Arthur Middleton. 


Constitucion de los Etados Unidos de America. 

Nos el pueblo de los Estados Unidos, 4 fin de haser mas per- 
fecta la Union, establecer la justicia, consolidar la tranquilidad 
domestica, proveer & la defensa comun, promover el bien general 
y asegurar los beneficios de la libertad, tanto para nosotros mis- 
mos como para nuestros descendientes, formamos y sancionamos 
6sta Constitucion para los Estados Unidos de America. 


18 


VADE MECUM. 


Articulo I. 

Section I. Todas las facnltades legislativas que esta Consti- 
tucion concede, se depositan en un Congreso de los Estados 
Unidos, que se compondrd de un Senado y una Camara de Re¬ 
presentantes. 

Section 11. 1. La Cdmara de Rapresentantes secompondra de 
miembros elegidos cada dos anos por el pueblo de los Estados, y 
los electores en cada uno de ellos deberiln tener las mismas cuai- 
dades que se requieren en los de la Cdmara mas numerosa de la 
Legislatura del Estado. 

2. Nadie podrd ser representante antes de tener cumplidos 
veinticinco anos de edad, y siete de ciudadano de los Estados 
Unidos, debiendo ademas ser habitante del Estado que lo elige, 
al tiempo de la eleccion. 

3. Los rapresentantes y las contribuciones directas se repar- 
tiran entre todoslos Estados que compongan la Union, en pro- 
porcion al numero respectivo de sus habitantes, el cual se deter- 
minard agregando al nhmero total de personas libres, entre las 
que se comprende 4 las que estan obligadasal servicio por cierto 
ntimero de anos, y se escluye k los indios que no pagan contribu¬ 
ciones, las tres quintas partes de todas las demas. El censo 
efectivo se formard a los tres anos contados desde la primera 
sesio del Congreso de los Estados Unidos, y en lo sucesivo de 
diez en diez anos, en la forma que el mismo Congreso dispusiere 
por medio de leyas. El ntimero de representantes no podrd exde- 
der de uno por cada treinta mil habitantes, pero cada Estado 
tendril cuando menos un rapresentante. Mientras no se forme 
el censo, el Estado de New Hampshire tendril derecho d elegir 
tres, Massachusettsocho, Rhode Island y Providence Plantations 
uno, Connecticut cinco, New York seis. New Jersey cuatro, 
Pennsylvania ocho, Delaware uno. Maryland seis, Virginia diez, 
North Carolina cinco, South Carolina cinco, y Georgia tres. 

4. Cuando ocurrieren vacantes en la representacion de algun 
Estado, el Ejecutivo del mismo espedird convocatorias para que 
se haga la eleccion de las personas que deban llenarlas. 

5. La Camara de Representantes elegird su presidente y de- 
mas empleados. A ella toca esclusivamente la facultad de iniciar 
causas pordelitos oticiales. (Power of impeachment e.) 

Seccion 111. 1 . El Senado de los Estados Unidos se com¬ 

pendia! de dos senadores por cada Estado, elegidos por sus respe- 
tivas Legislaturas por seis anos, y cada senador tendril un 
solo voto. 

2. Inmedidtamente despuese de que se reuna en virtud de la 
primera eleccion, se dividiran sus miembros en tres clases, con 
to da la igualdad posible. Las curules de los senadores de la 
primera clase vacariin il los dos anos, de la segunda, k los cuatro, 
y de la tercera, a los seis, de manera que cada dos anos se elija 


VADE MECUM. 


19 


X 


una tercera parte. Si por renuncia u otras causas resultare algu- 
na vacante estando en receso la Legislatura del Estado respecti- 
vo, podrA el Ejecutivo del mismo, hacer nombramientos provisio- 
nales hasta que se vuelva a reunir la Legislatura, la cual 
proveerA entonces diclms vacantes. 

3. Para ser senador se requiere tener treinta aiios complidos, 

haber sido nueve anos ciudadano de los Estados Unidos, y ser 
habitante del Estado que hace la eleccion, al tiempo de verificar- 
se esta. 9 

4. El Vice-Presidente de los Estados Unidos serA Presidente 
del Senado; pero no tendrA voto sino en los casos de empate. 

5. El Senado elegirA sus empleados y tambien un Presidente 
pro tempore que funcionarA en ausencia del Vice-Presidente, 6 
cuando este se halle desempenando el cargo de Presidente de los 
Estados Unidos. 

6. Solo al Senado incumbe la facultad de jusgar por res- 
ponsablidad oficial (to try all impeachments ), y cuando se 
reuniere con este objeto, lossenadores prestarAn un juramento 6 
promesa. Si se tratare de jusgar al Presidente de los Estados 
Unidos, presidirA al Senado el Presidente de la Suprema Corte, 
y nudie serA condenado sino por el voto de las dos terceras 
partes de los miembros presentes. 

7. En las causas por responsabilidad oficial de que se trata, la 
sentencia condenatoria no podrA exceder de la destitucion del 
empleo A inhabilitacion para poder obtener y desempenar cargo 
alguno honorifico, cencejil 6 lucrativo de la f'ederacion; pero la 
parte convicta quedarA, no obstante, sujeta A ser acusada, jusga- 
da, sentenciada y castigada con arreglo A derecho. 

Seccion IV. 1. La Legislatura de cada Estado prescribirA el 
tiempo, lugar y manera en que deban hacerse las elecciones de 
los senadores y representantes: pero en cualquier tiempo el Con- 
greso por medio de una ley podrA alterar en todo 6 en parte las 
disposiciones de las Legislaturas sobre el particular, excepto las 
que se refieran al lugar de la eleccion de los senadores. 

2. El Congreso se reunirA una vez al ano por lo menos y esa 
reunion se verificarA el primer lAnes de Diciembre, A no ser que 
por una ley se senale otro dia. 

Seccion V. 1. Cada CAmara serA el juez competente acerca 
de las elecciones y requisitos legales de sus respectivos miem¬ 
bros ; y la mayoria de cada una de ellas coustituirA el quo¬ 
rum para deliberar. Pero un nfimero puede reunirse en di- 
ferentes dias, y compeler A los miembros ausentes A que 
asistan, de la manera y bajo las penas que cada CAmara se- 
iialare. 

2. Cada CAmara podrA formal’ su reglamento interior, casti- 
gar A sus miembros por mala conducta, y aun expulsarlos con 
laaprobacion de los dos tercios. 

3. Cada CAmara llevarA actas de las sesiones, que publicarA 


20 


VADE MECUM. 


cle tiempo en tiempo, con excepcion de aquellas partes qne d 
su juicio exijan reserva; y en ambas se hard constar en las actas 
los votos que dieren sus miembros por la afirmativa y por la ne- 
gativa en cnalquiera cuestion, cuando asi lo pidiere la quinta 
parte de los miembros presentes. 

4. Durante las sesiones del Oongreso, ninguna de las Camaras 
podrd entrar en receso por mas de tresdias sin el consent.imiento 
de la otra, ni reunirse en otro lugar que aquel en que las dos 
esten instaladas. * 

Section VI. 1. Los senadores y rapresentantes recibirdn por 
sus servicios una remuneracion que se fijard por ley y se pagard 
por el tesoro de los Estados Unidos. Exceptuando los casos de 
traicion, delito grave 6 perturbacion de la tranquilidad ptiblica, 
tendrdn en todos los demas el privilegio de no ser arrestados du¬ 
rante el perlodo de las sesiones d que asistieren, 6 en su viage 
con motivo de ellas. Fuera de las mismas Cdmaras no podrdn 
ser autoritativamente cuestionados por ninguno de sus discursos, 
6 de los debates en que hubieren tornado parte. 

2. Los senadores y rapresentantes durante el tiempo de su en- 
cargo, no podrdn ser nombrados para ningun empleo civil de la 
federacion, que se haya creado 6 cuyos emolumentos se hubieren 
aumentado durante el mismo periodo; y nadie que tuviere un 
empleo de la federacion podrd ser miembro de alguna de las Ca¬ 
maras, mientras lo desempenare. 

Section VII. 1. Todo proyecto de ley sobre creacion de ren- 
tas procederd de la Cdmara de Representantes: pero el Senado 
puede proponer 6 ahadir sus enmiendas como en todos los demas 
proyectos. 

2. Todo proyecto que hubiere sido aprobado por la Camara 
de Representantes y el Senado, antes que pase a ser ley, sera 
enviado al Presidente de los Estados Unidos. Si lo aprueba, lo 
firmard: pero si no, lo devolverd a la Camera en que tuvo origen 
con sus observaciones, la que las hard constar en sus actas, y 
procederd de nuevo A discutirlo. Si despues de esta nueva 
discusion, dos tercios de esa Cdmara convinieren en aprobarlo, se 
remitird, jhntamente con las observaciones d la otra Udmara, la 
que d su vez volverd d discutirlo, y si resultare aprobado por los 
dos tercios de ella, pasard d ser ley. En todos los casos de esta 
naturaleza la votacion en ambas Cdmaras sera nominal, hacidn- 
dose constar en las actas de cada Cdmara respectivamente los 
nombres de las personas que han votado por la afirmativa y por 
la negativa. Si el Presidente no devolviere un proyecto de ley a 
los diez dias, (exceptuando los domingos) despues de que se le 
hubiere presentado, tendrd fuerza de ley lo mismo que si lo 
hubiere firmado, d menos que no haya podido ser devuelto al 
Congreso por haberse suspendido las sesiones. 

3. Todo acuerdo, resolucion, 6 votacion que requiera la con¬ 
currence del Senado y Cdmara de Representantes (salvo en las 


YADE MECUM. 


21 


cuestiones sobre receso) se presenter^, al Presidente de los Esta- 
dos Unidos, y no tendra efecto hasta que el lo apruebe. Si lo 
desechare, sera necesaria la aprobacion de los dos tercios del 
Senado y de la Ctimara de Representantes, segun las reglas y li- 
mites prescritos para los proyectos de ley. 

Section VIII. El Congreso tendrd facultades : 

1. Para establecer, y recaudar contribuciones, derechos, im- 
puestos y sisas (taxes, duties, imposts and excises) a tin de pa- 
gar las deudas y proveer 4 la defensa coraun y bien general de 
los Estados Uuidos. Mas todos los derechos, impuestos y sisas 
ser4n unil'ormes en todos los Estados Unidos. 

2. Contraer emprestitos sobre el credito de los Estados Unidos. 

3. Reglamentar el comercio eon las naciones extraugeras, el 
que se hace de Estado 4 Estado y con las tribus de los iudios. 

4. Establecer una regia uniforme de naturalizacion, y dec retar 
leyes uniformes en la materia de bancarrotas para todos los Esta¬ 
dos Unidos. 

5. Acunar tnoneda, determinarel valor de estay de las extran- 
geras y fijar las pesas y medidas. 

6. Senalar las penas de los falsificadores del papel de crtidito 
y moneda de los Estados Unidos. 

7. Establecer oficinas y caminos postales. 

8. Promover el adelanto de las ciencias y de las artes tittles, 
asegurando 4 los autores 6 inventores por tiempo limitado la pro- 
piedad esclusiva de sus respectivos escritos e inventos. 

9. Crear tribunales inferiores 4 la Suprema Corte 

10. Definir y castigar la pirateria y demas delitos graves co- 
metidos en alta mar, asi como los delitos contra el deresho de 
gent.es. 

11. Declarar la guerra, conceder patentes de corso y repre- 
salias, y establecer reglas para las presas hechas en mar y tierra. 

12. Levantar y mantener ejercit.os; pero ninguna asignacion 
que se haga para este objeto deber4 durar mas de dos anos. 

13. Formar y mantener una armada. 

14. Decretar ordenanzas para el gobierno y disciplina del 
ejercito y de la armada. 

15. Dietar las disposiciones para llamar 4 las armas 4 la mi- 
licia cuando fuere necesario, 4 fin de hacer observar las leyes 
de la Union, solocar las insurrecciones y repeler cualquiera 
invasion. 

16. Disponer la organizacion, armamento y disciplina de la 
milicia, y el gobierno de la parte que est6 al servicio de los Esta¬ 
dos Unidos, quedando reservado 4 los respectivos Estados el 
nombramiento de los oficiales, y la instruccion y ejercicios, segun 
la disciplina prescrita por el Congreso. 

17. Legislar esclusivamente en todas las materias concernien- 
tes al distrito que por cesion de los Estados en particular y 
aceptacion del Congreso, haya sido elegido para recidencia del 


22 


VA1)E MECUM. 


gobierno federal, distrito cuya ;irea no podrd exceder de diez 
millas cuadradas. Ejercer la misma facultad sobre todos los de- 
mas lugares comprados con el consentimiento de las Legislaturas 
de los Estados a que pertenecen, para la construccion de forta- 
lezas, almacenes, arsenales, astilleros y otros edificios que se 
necesitaren ; y 

18. Dictar todas las leyes necesarias y convenientes para la 
ejecucion de las facultades que preceden, y todas las demas que 
por esta Constitueion se conueren al gobierno de los Estados 
Unidos, 6 h cualquiera de sus departamentos 6 funcionarios. 

Station IX. 1. El Congreso no podra prohibir, sino desde 
el ano de mil ochocient.os ocho en adelante, la inmigracion 6 im- 
portacion de personas que cualquiera de los Estados, hoy exi- 
stentes, crea conveniente admitir; pero puede imponer una 
contribucion 6 derecho que no cxcedera de diez pesos por 
persona. 

2. No podra suspenderse el recurso del Habeas Corpus , si no 
es en los casos en que por rebelion 6 invasion sea necesario para 
la seguridad publica. 

3. No se sancionarti ningun proyecto de ley para instituir infa- 
mia trascendental, [bill of attainder,) niley alguna ex post facto. 

4. La capitacion y demas contribuciones directas solo podr&n 
imponerse en proporcion al ntimero de habitantes, cuyo censo 
debera formarse como ya se dispone en esta Constitueion. 

5. No se impoudran contribuciones b derechos sobre los arti- 
culos que se exporteu de los Estados. 

6. Las disposiciones que reglamentan el comercio y las rentas 
fiscales, no podran establecer ninguna preferencia en favor de los 
puertos de un Estado, sobre los de otro. Tampoco se podra 
obligar a los buques que salen de un Estado, 6 van destinados a 
el, 4 que abran 6 cierren su registro, 6 paguen derechos en otro. 

7. No se podra sacar de la tesoreria ninguna cantidad de di- 
nero si no es en virtud de alguna asignacion hecha por ley; y 
periodicamente se publicara una relacion y cuenta exacta de los 
ingresos y egresos de todos los fondos pCiblicos. 

8. Los Estados Unidos no concederan titulos de nobleza; y 
ninguna persona que desempene empleo lucrativo 6 concejil de 
la lederacion, podra, sin el consentimiento del Congreso, aceptar 
presentes, emolumentos, empleos 6 titulos, cualquiera que sea su 
clase, de ningun Rey, Principe 6 Estado extrangero. 

Section X. 1. Los Estados no podran celebrar tratados, alian- 
zas 6 coaliciones; espedir patentes de corso y represalias; acunar 
moneda, ni emitir billetes de credito; senalar como de forzosa 
admision en el pago de las deudas, otras monedas que las de oro 
y plata; aprobar ningun proyecto de ley sobre infamia trascen¬ 
dental ( attainder,) 6 dar leyes de ei'ecto retroactivo (ex post facto) 
6 que desvirtuen las obligaciones de los coutratos, ni conceder 
tampoco titulos de nobleza. 


YADE MECUM. 


23 


2. Los Estados no podran sin el consentimiento del Congreso 
establecer impuestos, 6 dereehos sobre las importaciones y expor- 
taciones, salvo cuando sea absolutamente necesario para hacer 
cumplir sus leyes de inspeccion, y el producto ueto de todos los 
dereehos e impuestos cobrados por un Estado bajo este concepto, 
pertenecerd al tesoro de los Estados Unidos, quedando sujetas 
todas esas leyes a la revision y aprobacion del Congreso. 

3. Tampoeo podran imponer dereehos de tonelage, mantener 
tropas 6 buques de guerra en tiempo de paz, entrar en ningun 
eonvenio 6 tratado eon otro Estado 6 con potencias extrangeras, 
ni comprometerse en una guerra, exceptuandose los casos de in¬ 
vasion 6 de peligro tan inminente que no admitan demora. 

Articulo II. 

Seccion I. 1. Se deposita el poder ejecutivo en un Presiden- 
te de los Estados Unidos de America. Desempenara su encargo 
por un termino de euatro aiios, y su eleceion, asi eomo la del 
Y r ice-presidente nombrado por el mismo termino, se verifieara de 
la inanera siguiente : 

2. Cada Estado nombrara del modo que su Legislatura deter¬ 
mine, un nfimero de eleetores igual al del total de senadores y 
rapresentantes que el mismo Estado tenga derecho ;i mandar al 
Congreso, no pudiendo ser nombrado elector ningun senador 6 
rapresentante, ni persona que desempeiie un empleo lucrativo 6 
concejil de la federaeion. 

Los eleetores se reuniran en sus respectivos Estados, y por 
escrutinio secreto, elegiran dos personas, una de las cu&les, por 
lo menos, debera no ser vecino del Estado. Formaran una lista 
de todas las personas por quienes han votado, con espresion del 
numero de votos que obtuvo cada una, la firmaran y certificaran, 
remitiendola sellada A la resideucia del gobierno de los Estados 
Unidos, dirigida al Presidente del Senado. Este, en presencia 
del Senado y de la Camara de Representantes abrira todos los 
pliegos eertificados, y procederd A eontar los votos. Sera Pre¬ 
sidente la persona que reuna el mayor ntimero de votos, siempre 
que este numero coustifuya la mayoria deelecetores nombrados. 
Si reunieren dicha mayoria mas de una persona, teniendo igual 
numero de votos, entonces de entre ellas elegira inmediatamente 
\A CAmara de Representantes, por escrutinio secreto, bna para 
Presidente; mas si nadie hubiere reunido dicha mayoria, elegira 
la c&mara de entre las cinco personas que hubieren sacado mas 
votos. Al hacer la'eleccion de Presidente, los votos se contaran 
por Estados, teniendo voto la representacion de cada Estado ; 
para este objeto, el quorum se formard de un miembro, 6 de los 
miembros de las dos terceras parte de los Estados, y serii nece- 
saria la mayoria de estos para decidir la eleceion. En cualquier 
caso, una vez hecha la eleceion del Presidente, sera Vice-presi- 


24 


VADE MECUM. 


dente la persona que reuna el mayor numero de votos de los 
electores. Pero si resultare haber dos 6 mas que tuvieren igual 
ndrnero de votos, el Senado elegira de entre ellas al Vice-presi- 
dente por escrutinio secreto.* 

3. El Congreso determinant el tiempo en que ban de ser elegi- 
dos los electores y el dia en que deba verificarse la eleccion, de- 
biendo ser uno mismo en todos los Estado Unidos. 

4. Solo serdn elegibles para el cargo de Presidente los ciuda- 
danos por nacimiento, 6 los que fueren ciudadanos delos Estados 
Unidos al tiempo de adoptarse esta Constitucion. Nadie serd 
elegible que no hubiere cumplido treinta y cinco aiios de edad, y 
hubiere residido catorce aitos, en los Estados Unidos. 

5. En caso de remocion, muerte 6 renuncia del Presidente, 6 
de incapacidad para desempenar las funciones de su encargo, le 
sucederd el Yice-presidente. El Congreso queda facultado para 
disponer por medio de una ley, en caso de remocion, muerte, re¬ 
nuncia 6 incapacidad, tanto del Presidente como del Yice-presi¬ 
dente, que funcionario entrant d desempenar la presidencia ; y 
este la desempenard hasta que cese la incapacidad, 6 se elija un 
nuevo Presidente. 

G. En compensacion de sus servicios, el Presidente recibird 
una retribucion en epocas determinadas, la cual no podrd ser 
aumentada ni disminuida durante el periodo por el que haya sido 
elegido; y no recibird durante ese periodo ningun otro emolu- 
mento de la federacion, ni de ningun Estado en particular. 

7. Antes de tomar posesion de su encargo, prestard el siguien- 
te juramento 6 promesa, 

“ Juro (6 prometo ) solemnemente que desempenare con fi- 
delidad el cargo de Presidente de los Estados Unidos, y que 
observare, protegere y defendere la Constitucion de estos.” 

Esta clasdula quedG modificada por el articulo XII de las reformas. 

Seccion II. 1. El Presidente serd comandante en jefe del 
ejercito y de la armada de los Estados Unidos, asi como de la 
milicia de los Estados cuando esta estuviereen actual ser.vicio de 
la federaciou: podra exigir la opinion por escrito de cada uno de 
los jefes de los departamentos del ejecutivo sobre todos los 
asuntos qne se relacionen con las atribuciones de sus rcspectivos 
empleos, y tendrd facultad para mandar suspender la ejecucion 
de las sentencias, y conceder indultos por delitos contra la 
federacion, rnenos en las causas por responsabilidad olicial 
( impeachment .) 

2. El Presidente, con consultary aprobacion del Senado, tendra 
facultad para hacer tratados, siempre que en ellos convengan las 
dos terceras partes de los senadores preseutes y para nombrar de 
la misma manera d los embajadores, ministros pubiicos y consules, 
d los magistrados de la Suprema Corte, y a todos los demas em- 
pleados de la federacion que se crearen en virtud de las leyes, 


VADE MECUM. 


25 


cuyos nombramientos no estuvieren determinados de otra raanera 
en esta Constitucion. Pero el Congreso puede por medio de 
una ley, conferir la facultad de nornbrar los empleados subalter- 
nos que estime convenientes k solo el Presidente, ,4 los tribunales 
de justicia, 6 k los jefes de los departamentos. 

3. El Presidente podrA proveer todas las vacantes que ocur- 
ran durante los recesos del Senado, haciendo nombramientos 
provisionales, los que vacar&n al fin del inmediato periodo de 
sesiones. 

Section III. De tiempo en tiempo presentard al Congreso un 
informe del estado de la Union, recomenddndole la adopcion de 
aquellas medidas que creyere necesarias, 6 convenientes. En 
circunstancias extraordinarias, podra convocar a sesiones k las 
dos cfimaras 6 & cualquiera de ellas, y en caso de que estuvieren 
en desacuerdo sobre el dia en que deban entrar en receso, 61 po- 
drd fijar el que le pareciere convenient©. Recibird d los emba- 
jadores y demas ministros pdblicos, cuidard de que las leyes 
tengan su debito cumplimiento, yespedirdlos despachos de todos 
los empleados de la federacion. 

Section IV. El Presidente, Yice-presidente y todos los demas 
empleados civiles de la federacion, serdn removidos de sus em- 
pleos, siempre que fueren acusados y convictos de traicion, 
cohecho, malversacion, d otros delitos y faltas graves. 

Articulo III. 

Section I. Se deposita el poder judicial de los Estados Unidos 
en una Suprema Corte, y en los tribunales inferiores que en lo su- 
cesivo creare y estableciere el Congreso. Los magistrados, tanto 
de la Suprema Corte como de los tribunales inferiores, desempe- 
naran sus empleos mientras observen buena conducta, y en epo- 
cas fijas recibirdn por sus servicios una remuneracion, que no 
podra ser disminuida mientras desempenen sus empleos. 

Section II. 1. El poder judicial conocera de todos los casos 
que en derecho y equidad dimanen de la Constitucion y leyes de 
la federacion, asi como de los tratados ya celebrados 6 que pue- 
dan celebrarse en lo sucesivo bajo su autoridad: de todos los 
casos que afecten k los embajadores, y demas ministros pfiblicos, 
y a los consules : de todos los casos de la jurisdiccion de almi- 
rantazgo y marina: de las controversias enque la federacion fuere 
parte: de las que se siguieren entre dos 6 mas Estados, entre un 
Estado y los ciudadanos de otro, entre ciudadanos de diferentes 
Estados, entre ciudadanos del mismo Estado que reclamen ter- 
renos bajo concesiones hechas por diversos Estados, y entre un 
Estado 6 sus ciudadanos, y Estados, ciudadanos 6 sfibditos 
extrangeros. 

2. La Suprema Corte conocera en una instancia de todos los 
casos que afecten & los ambajadores y ministros pfiblicos, lo mis- 
3 


26 


VADE MECUM. 


mo que 4 los consules, y de aquellos en que un Estado fuere par¬ 
te interesada. En todos los demas ya mencionados, conocer4 en 
apelacion tanto respecto 4 los hechos como al derecho, con las 
restricciones y segun las disposiciones reglamentarias que el Con- 
greso estableciere. 

3. Todos los juicios criminales se verificardn por jurados, con 
excepcion de los que se formaren por responsabilidad oficial 
( impeachments ,) y deber4n celebrarse en el Estado donde se 
hubiere perpetrado el delito. Mas en caso de que no se 
hubiere cometido en la jurisdiccion de ningun Estado, se segui- 
rSn en el lugar 6 lugares que designare el Congreso por medio 
de nna ley. 

Section III. La traicion contra los Estados Unidos consisti¬ 
ng solamente, en tomar las armas contra ellos, 6 en unirse 4 sus 
enemigos, d4ndoles ayuda y proteccion. Nadie podr4 ser convicto 
de traicion si no es en virtud del testimonio de dos testigos que 
declaren sobre un hecho notorio, 6 por confesion de parte ante el 
tribunal. 

El Congreso tendr4 facultad para designar el castigo del de¬ 
lito de traicion, pero la sentencia que se impusiere por este delito 
no podr4 privar al delincuente del derecho de.heredary trasmitir 
sus bienes por herencia, ni producir la confiscacion de ellos, sino 
es durante la vida de la persona sentenciada. 

Articulo IY. 

Section I. Se dar4 entera fe y credito en los Estados 4 las 
leyes (acts,) registros y procedimientos judiciales de los demas, 
quedando facultado el Congreso para disponer por leyes gene- 
rales, la manera en que deban probarse y los efectos que de¬ 
ban surtir. 

Section II. —1. Los ciudadanos de un Estado gozar4n en todos 
los demas, de las mismas garantias e inmunidades de que gozan 
los ciudadanos de estos. 

2. Toda persona que siendo acusada en un Estado de traicion 
4 otro cualquier delito, huyere de la justicia y fuere encontrada 
en otro Estado, ser4 entregada 4 pedimento de la autoridad 
ejecutiva del Estado de que se fugo, 4 efecto de ser conducida al 
Estado que tuviere jurisdiccion parajuzgar su delito. 

3. Las personas obligadas 4 servir 6 trabajar en un Estado 
segun sus leyes, que se escaparen al territorio de otro, no podr4n 
quedar lib res de ese servicio 6 trabajo en virtud de ninguna ley 
6 reglamento de este, sino que ser4n entregadas 4 la parte que 
tenga derecho 4 ese servicio 6 trabajo, cuando estalas reclamare. 

Section Ill .— El Congreso podr4 admitir nuevos Estados en 
esta Union; pero no se formant 6 establesent un nuevo Estado 
dentro la jurisdiccion de otro, ni se formant ninguno por la 
union de dos 6 mas, 6 de partes de otros, sin el consentimien- 


VADE MECUM. 


27 

to, tanto de las Legislaturas de los Estados interesados, como 
del Congreso. 

2. El Congreso queda facultado para disponer del Territorio 
y demas propiedades pertenecientes A los Estados Unidos, y 
estableeer todas las bases y reglaraentos necesarios para los 
misraos. No se interpretarA ninguna de las disposiciones que 
contiene esta Constitucion de raanera que pueda perjudicar 
los titulos que tuvieren los Estados Unidos, 6 algun Estado en 
particular. 

Section IV. Los Estados Unidos garantizarAn A todos los 
Estados de la Union un gobierno de forma republicana, y los pro- 
tegerAn contra cualquiera invasion, y tambien contra los distur- 
bios domesticos, cuando lo solicitaren sus Legislaturas 6 sus Eje- 
cutivos, en caso de que aquellas no puedan ser convocadas. 

Articulo V. 

Siempre que las dos terceras partes de ambas cAmaras lo crean 
necesario, el Congreso propondrA reformas A esta Constitucion; 
6, A pedimento de las dos terceras partes de los Estados, convo- 
carA una convencion para proponer enmiendas, las cuales en 
cualquiera de los casos seran vAlidas para todos los fines como 
partes de esta constitucion, luego que fueren ratificadas por las 
Legislaturas de las tres cuartas partes de los Estados, 6 de con- 
venciones reunidas en las tres cuartas partes de estos, segun que 
el Congreso haya dispuesto uno (i otro modo de ratificar, no de- 
biendo ninguna enmienda que pudiere hacerse Antes del ano de 
milochocientos ocho, alterar en manera alguna las clausulas pri¬ 
me ra y cuarta de la seccion novena, del articulo primero, ni privar 
A ningun Estado, sin su consentimiento, de la igualdad de votos 
en el Senado. 


Articulo VI. 

1. Todas las deudas y compromisos contraidos Antes dehaber- 
se adoptado esta Constitucion, serAn tan vAlidos contra los Esta¬ 
dos Unidos hajo ella, como lo eran bajo la Confederacion. 

2. Esta Constitucion, las leyes de la federacion que en virtud 
de ella se sancionaren, y todos los tratados celebrados 6 que se 
celebraren por la autoridad de los Estados Unidos, serAn la ley 
suprema de la tierra. Los jueces de cada Estado estarAn sujetos 
A ella, sin que obsten las constituciones 6 leyes de los Estados. 

3. Los senadores y rapresentantes ya mencionados, los miein- 
bros de las Legislaturas de los Estados, y todos los funcionarios 
de los departamentos ejecutivo y judicial, tanto de la federacion 
como de los Estados en particular, se obligarAn por juramento 6 
promesa A sostener esta Constitucion; pero jamas seexigirA pro- 
lesion de fe religiosa para ningun empleo 6 cArgo pAblico de los 
Estados Unidos. 


28 


VADE MECUM. 


Articulo VII. 

Bastard la ratificacion de las convenciones de nueve Estados 
para el establecimiento de esta Constitucion entre los que la 
ratifiquen. 

Fecho en convencion por el un&nime consentimiento de los 
Estados presentes el dia diez y siete de Setiembre del afio de 
Nuestro Senor, mil setecientos ochenta y siete, duodecimo de la 
independence de los Estados Uuidos de America. Entestimonio 
de lo cual, firmamos la presente. 

GEORGE WASHINGTON. 

Presidente y Diputado de Virginia. 


Nuevo Hampshire. 

Juan Langdon. 

Nicolas Gilman. 

Massachusetts. 

Nataniel Gorham. 

Rufo King. 

Connecticut. 

Guillermo Samuel Johnson. 
Rogerio Sherman. 

Nueva York. 
Alejandro Hamilton. 

Nueva Jersey. 

Guillermo Livingston. 
David Bready. 

Gnillermo Patterson. 
Jonatas Dayton. 

Pensilvania. 

Benjamin Franklin. 

Tomas Mifflin. 

Robert Morris. 

George Clymer. 

Tomas Fizsimons. 

Jared Ingersoll. 

Jacobo Wilson. 

G. Morris. 


Delaware. 

George Read. 

Groinning Bedford, hijo. 

Juan Dickinson. 

Ricardo Bassett. 

Jacobo Brawm. 

Maryland. 

Jacobo M’Henry. 

Daniel de Sn. Th. Jenifer. 
Daniel Carroll. 

Virginia. 

Juan Blair. 

Juan Madison. 

Carolina del Norte. 

Guillermo Blount. 

Ricardo Dobbs Spaight. 

Ugo Williamson. 

Carolina del Sur. 

Juan Rutledge. 

Carlos Cotesworth Pinkney. 
Carlos Pinkney. 

Pedro Butler. 

Georgia. 

Guillermo Few. 

Abraan Baldwin. 

WILLIAM JACKSON. 

Secretario. 


VADE MECUM. 


29 


Reformas a la Constitution. 

Articulo I. 

El Congreso no podrd sancionar leyes relativas al estableci- 
miento de una religion, que prohiban el lib re ejerciciode alguna 
de ellas, 6 que coarten la libertad de bablar 6 de la prensa, ni el 
derecho del pueblo para reunirse pacificamente, y para pedir la 
reparacion de cualquier agravio. 

Articulo II. 

Siendo indispensable una milicia bien reglamentada'para la 
seguridad de un Estado libre, no podrd coartarse al pueblo el 
derecho de tener y llevar armas. 

Articulo III. 

En tiempo de paz, los soldados no seran alojados en las casas 
sin el consentimiento de sus duehos; y en tiempo de guerra, solo 
lo serdn en la manera que prescribala ley. 

Artiqulo IY. 

No se violard el derecho del pueblo que lo pone a cubierto de 
aprehensiones y cateos arbitrarios en sus personas, habitaciones, 
papeles y efectos; y no se espedird ninguna orden sobre esto sin 
causa probable que la motive, apoyadaen uujuramentoo afirma- 
cion, que designe claramente el lugar que ha de registrarse, y las 
personas 6 cosas que hayan de ser aprehendidas 6 embargadas. 

Articulo Y. 

A nadie se obligat'd a que conteste cargos por delito grave 6 
infamante bajo cualquier concepto, si no es mediante acusacion 
escrita presentada ante un gran jurado, 6 por delacion de algun 
individuo de este, excepto en los casos relativos a las fuerzas de 
mar y tierra, 6 it milicia estando en servicio activo en tiempo de 
guerra, 6 en casos de* peligro ptiblico. No se pondrd a nadie 
dos veces en peligro de perder la vida 6 algun miembro por un 
mismo delito; no podrd obligdrsele a declarar contra si mismo 
en una causa criminal; no se le podrd quitar la vida, la libertad 
6 los bienes sin el debido procedimiento legal, ni se podrd tomar 
la propiedad particular para objetos de utilidad pdblica, sin la 
debida compensation. 

Articulo YI. 

En todas las causas criminales, el acusado tendrd derecho d 
ser juzgado pronta y pdblicamente por un jurado impartial del 

3* 


30 


VADE MECUM. 


Estado y distrito donde se hubiere cometido el delito, cuyo 
distrito ser4 el previamente reconocido por la ley; tambien se le 
informara de la naturaleza y causa de la acusacion, se le careani 
con los testigos que declaren en contra suya; podrd obtener pro- 
videncias compulsorias para conseguir testigos en su favor, y te- 
ner un abogado que lo defienda. 

Artigulo YII. 

En los litigios del derecho comuu se ventilaran ante el jurado 
aquellos negocios en que la cantidad disputada exceda de veinte 
pesos; y los hechos fallados por un jurado solo podran ser exami- 
nados de nuevo en algun tribunal de los Estados Unidos, de con- 
formidad con los principios del precidado derecho. 

Articulo YIII. 

Ne se exigiran fianzas carceleras desproporcionadas, ni se im- 
pondran multas desmedidas, ni se aplicaran penas crueles y 
desusadas. 

Articulo IX. 

La enumeracion de ciertos derechos que hace esta Constitucion, 
no debera interpretarse como si importara la nulificacion 6 res- 
triccion de otros que conserva el pueblo. 

Articulo X. 

Las facultades que la Constitucion no delega ;1 ia federacion y 
no niega los Estados, quedan reservadas 6, los Estados respecti- 
vamente, 6 al pueblo. 


Articulo XL 

El poder judicial de la federacion no podrd coDocer de 
ningun litigio de estricto derecho 6 de equidad, comenzado 6 
proseguido contra uno de los Estados Unidos por ciudada- 
nos de otro Estado, 6 por ciudadanos 6 subditos de un Estado 
extranjero. 

Articulo XII. 

1. Los electores se reuniran en sus respectivos Estados, y por 
escrutinio secreto elegiran al Presidente y Yice-presidente, duo 
de los cuales por lo menos deberfi no ser habitante del Estado: 
en sus cedulas espresaran el nombre de la persona que eli«-en 
para Presidente, y en otras distintas, el de la que quieran elegir 
para Yice-presidente. Formaran listas separadas de t.odas ?as 
personas que hubieren obtenido votos para Presidente y Yice- 
presidente, con espresion del nhmero de votos que obtuvo cada 


VADE MECUM. 


31 


una; firmaran y certificaran las listas, remitiendolas selladas d la 
capital de los Estados Unidos, dirigidas al Presidente del Sena- 
do. Este en presencia del Senado y de la Cdmara de Rapresen- 
tantes, abrird todos los certificados, y en^segoida se contaran los 
votos. Serd Presidente el qoe reuna mayor ndmero de votos 
para este cargo, siempre qoe dicho ndmero sea la mayoria del 
total de electores nornbrados; y si nadie lmbiere reunido esa ma¬ 
yoria, la Cdmara de Representantes hard inmediatamente por 
escrutinio seereto la eleccion de Presidente de entrelas personas 
que liubieren obtenido mas votos, no excediendo de tres. En la 
eleccion del Presidente se votard por Estados, teniendo la re- 
presentacion de cada Estado on voto. El quorum para este 
objeto se formard de on miembro 6 miembros de las dos terceras 
partes de los Estados, y para qoe haya eleccion serd necesaria 
ona mayoria de todos los Estados. Si dntes del coatro de Mar- 
zo procsimo no hnbiere elegido Presidente. la Cdmara de Repres¬ 
entantes coando le toeare el derecho de elegir, entrard entonces 
el Yice-presidente d foncionar como Presidente, lo mismo qoe 
en caso de mnerte, 6 impedimento constitncional de este. 

2. Serd Yice-presidente la persona qoe reona el mayor ndme- 
ro de votos para este cargo, con tal qoe este ndmero sea la ma¬ 
yoria del total de electores nornbrados; y si ningona obtnviere 
esa mayoria, entonces el Senado elegird al Yice-presidente de 
entre los dos qoe reonan mas votos. Para este objeto el quorum 
se formard de las dos terceras partes del numero total de sena- 
dores, y para la eleccion se necesita la mayoria de todos ellos. 

3. La persona qoe constitocionalmente no poeda ser elegida 
para Presidente de los Estados Unidos, tampoco podrd serlo para 
Yice-presidente. 

Articui.o XIII. 

1. No podrd existir en los Estados Unidos ni en ningon lugar 
sojeto d so jorisdiccion, la esclavitod ni el trabajo forzado, d no 
ser qoe este lmbiere sido impoesto d la persona como castigo por 
la perpetracion de algon delito, legalmente comprobado. 

2. El Congreso qoeda facoltado para hacer complir este arti- 
colo por medio de leyes oportonas. 

Articulo XIY. 

1. Todas las personas nacidas 6 uatoralizadas en los Estados 
Unidos, sojetas d so jorisdiccion, son ciodadanos de los Estados 
Unidos y del Estado en qoe residen. Los Estados no podran 
sancionar ni hacer complir ninguna ley qoe restrinja las prero- 
gativas 6 inmonidades de los ciodadanos de los Estados Unidos: 
tampaco podran privar d ningona persona de la vida, la libertad 
6 los bienes de fortnna sin el debido proceso legal, ni negar d 
nadie en so jorisdiccion la igoal proteccion de las leyes. 


32 


VADE MECUM. 


2. Los representantes se distribuiran proporcionalmente entre 
los Estados segun sus respectivos censos, contandose en cada 
Estado el numero total de personas, con esclusion de los indios 
que no pagan contribuciones. Pero si se negare el derecho de 
votar en las elecciones de Presidente, Vice-presidente 6 represen¬ 
tantes al Congreso de los Estados Unidos, 6 en las de los funcio- 
narios del rarao ejecutivo 6 judicial de un Estado, 6 miembros de 
su Legislatura, 4 cualquier ciudadano varon de dicho Estado, 
siendo de veintiun afios de edad y ciudadano de los Estados Uni¬ 
dos, 6 se restringiere de cualquier modo ese derecho, 4 menos 
que sea por complicidad en la rebelion otro delito, se reducird 
entonces la base de la representacioti del Estado en la propor- 
cion que guarde el ndmero de esos ciudadanos, con el total de 
ciudadanos varones de veintiun ahos de edad que haya en el 
mismo Estado. 

3. Las personas que habiendo prestado juramento de sostener 
la Constitucion federal, sea como miembros del Congreso 6 em- 
pleados de los Estados Unidos, 6 como miembros de la Legisla¬ 
tura, 6 funcionarios ejecutivos 6 judiciales de un Estado, hubie- 
ren tornado parte despues en alguna insurreccion 6 rebelion 
contra los mismos Estados Unidos, 6 hubieren dado ayuda y 
proteccion 4 sus enemigos, no podran ser senadores 6 represen¬ 
tantes al Congreso, electores del Presidente y Vice-presidente, 
ni obtener ningun empleo civil 6 militar de la federacion, ni de 
ningun Estado. Mas el Congreso por votacion de las dos terce- 
ras partes de cada C4mara, puede remover esa incapacidad. 

4. No podr4 cuestionarse la validez dela deuda pfiblica de los 
Estados Unidos autorizada por ley, comprendiendose en ella las 
deudas contraidas para pagar peusiones y premios por servicios 
prestados para sofocar la insurreccion 6 rebelion. Pero ni los 
Estados Unidos, ni ningun Estado en particular, reconoceran 6 
pagaran ninguna deuda d obligacion contraidas para fomentar 
la insurreccion 6 rebelion contra los Estados Unidos, ni ninguna 
reclarnacion por la perdida 6 emancipacion de los esclavos, de- 
biendose tener todas las deudas, obligaciones 6 reclamaciones de 
esa procedencia como ilegales y nulas. 

5. El Congreso queda facultado para hacer complir las disposi- 
ciones de este articulo por medio de leyes oportunas. 

Articulo XV. 

1. Ni los Estados Unidos, ni ningun Estado en particular, po¬ 
dran desconocer 6 cercenar el derecho de los ciudadanos de los 
Estados Unidos ;i votar, por razon de raza, color 6 previa con- 
dicion de esclavitud. 

2. El Congreso queda facultado para hacer cumplir este arti¬ 
culo por medio de leyes oportunas. 


VADE MECUM. 


33 


Nota.—En la cuarta eleccion, erart candicl'atos para la Presideneia y 
Vice-Presidencia, respectivamente, Tomas Jefferson y Aaron Burr, por el 
partido democrata, y ambos obtuvieron igual n.° de votos. En la Camara 
de Representantes, la intriga cred a Burr un partido que void por el para 
Presidente, por Jo que la Cdmarase dividid, d, por decirlo asi, se empatd. 
Durd el debate, d contienda varios dias y con tal viveza, que miembros 
enfermos se hicieron llevar en literas a, las sesiones. A1 fin uno de los parti- 
darios de Burr se setird y quedd electo Jefferson por tan solo un voto de 
mayoria, hecho que ocasiond esta reforma. 

Resumen biografico de los Presidentes de los 
Estados Unidos. 

No es nuestro intento el relatar la historia de los dieziocho 
Presidentes, que ban gobernado los Estados Unidos, pero hemos 
creido util el trasar aunque a la ligera un bosquejo siquiera, d 
fin de que todos los que posean este manual tengan una noticia 
de ellos. 

George Wnsehington ;—?Quien no conoce al liberador de la 

America del Norte?.Naci6 el 22 de Febrero de 1732 siendo 

sus padres, Agustin Washington y Maria Ball, y desde su mas tier- 
na edad di6 d conocer un cardcter nobilisimo. A los diezinueve 
alios apenas, era ya Mayor, 6 Comandante Militar de un distrito. 
Como Coronel de una espedicion fue causa inocente de la guerra 
en que se empenaron la Francia y la Jnglaterra disputandose la 
posesion del Ohio. En 1775 fue nombrado Comandante en Jefe 
del movimiento en favor de la Independencia, por el Congreso. 
La empresa era peligrosa por demas. Las colonias no tenian 
flota, ni ejercito, ni organizacion militar, mientras que la Ingla- 
terra era una de las naciones mas poderosas. Despues de mil 
sucesos y reveces el 19 de Abril de 1775 d los ocho aiios de la 
declamon de independencia, se comunicb al ejercito Americano 
la fausta noticia de haberse celebradoun tratadode paz en Paris. 
El 4 de Diciembre, Washington tomo el consentimiento de su 
ejercito, para retirarse d su querida villa de Monte Vernon. En 
Annapolis, presento su dimision al Congreso Continental el 23 de 
Diciembre de 1783. En vista de la necesidad de establecer, so- 
bre diferentes bases el Gobierno de los trece Estados Confedera- 
dos, se reunio en Filadelfia una Convencion el ano de 1787, y 
Washington asistio d ella como diputado por Virginia siendo 
electo Presidente por unanimidad. La Constitucion anterior fue 
el resultado de esta convencion y sancionada, los Estados todos 
por unanimidad eligirone d Washington Primer Presidente de los 
Estado Unidos. Tomo posesion de la Presideneia el 3 de Abril 
de 1789, y al termino de sus cuatro aiios fue reelecto para otro 
periodo, cumplido el cual se retiro d su residencia de Monte 
Vernon. A las diez de la noche del Sabado 14 de Diciembre de 
1799, exalo el tiltimo suspiro, asistido por el Dr. Graig. Murio 
en la mas perfecta traquilidad, sereno, pudiendose decir de 61 lo 



34 


VADE MECUM. 


que el Tasso de Clorinda “ pasa 4 la par que duerme”? (passa q 
par che dorma.) El dia 8, se inhumo su cadaver en la tumba do 
Mount Vernon. 

Juan Adams, segundo Presidente, nacio en la ciudad de Quincy 
el 30 de Octubre de 1735. Su padre quizo que fuese ministro: 
de la religion Presbiteriana; pero el joven como otros, no era muy 
inclinado 4 los libros y 4 la pregunta de que profusion queria 
seguir, le contesto “ quiero ser agricultor. Bien, le dijo su pa¬ 
dre “es tiempo, pues que los juegos queden 4 unlado para prin- 
cipiar el trabajo’M Tenia 4 aquella sazon 14 anos. El dia siguien- 
te en la manama fue -4 trabajar; volvio por la tarde 4 casa 
cansado, y le dijo 4 su padre, que habia cambiado de modo de 
pensar, y que queria estudiar. Consiguientemente fue enviado 
4 la escuela. A los diesisiete anos entr6 al colegio de Karward, 
recibiendo su diploma en 1755. A la edad de veintidos anos esta- 
blecib su bulete de Abogado. Al principio de las hostiiidades del 
Gbno. contra las colonias, hubo varios easos de homicidio ya de 
militares contra paisanos 6 viceversa, y Adams, abogo siempre 
en favor de los civiles, 4 quienes defendio con calor logrando que 
el castigo para estos fuese leve. Fue uno de los cinco delegados 
al Oongreso de Filadelfia en 1774. Apoy6 la mocion de Lee, y 
fue uno de la comision nombrada para redactar la declaracion. 
Adams era elocuente orador. En Noviembre de 1777 fue nom- 
brado ministro diplormitico en Francia, en lugar de Silas Duane 
que habia sido enviado para que en union de Franklin y Lee tra- 
tase de obtener de aquella nacion la cooperacion en favor de los 
Estados Unidos. Ileg6 4 Paris el 8 de Abril, y fue recibido asi 
del pueblo como de la Corte con gran bondad. En esta mision, 
se condujo con la mayor economia 4 fin de salvar su na¬ 
cion de grandes gastos. Se habia firmado ya antes de su 
llegada el tratado de alianza, y viendo asi Adams la inutilidad 
de su presencia se reembarcb en la fragata francesa “La sensi¬ 
ble” que le trajo 4 Boston el 2 de Agosto de 1779. El 10 de 
Noviembre del mismo aiio, Adams se liallaba otra vez 4 bordo 
de la misma fragata, con la mision de celebrar un tratado con 
Inglaterra, tan pronto como dicha nacion estuviese dispuesta 
4 negociar. En esta ocasion Adams no participaba de las opi- 
niones de Franklin, y tuvo la contradiccion del ministro Fran¬ 
ces, Conde, de Vergennes, y se decidib 4 irse 4 Holanda, donde 
trabajo con gran provecho negociando los tratados bajo su res- 
ponsabilidad. El rehuso hacerse reconocer en su caracter de 
Ministro de los Estados Unidos y por tauto miembro del Ouer- 
po diplomatico de la Haya. El 7 de Octubre, de 1782 pudo 
anunciar el segundo tratado de alianza con los Estados Uni¬ 
dos. El 24 de Febrero de 1785, estando firmado el tratado 
de paz con la Inglaterra, Adams fue nombrado Embajador 
cerca de la Corte de Sn. James. Cuando se sanciono la Consti- 
tucion Adams fue electo Vice-Presidente de los Estados Uni- 


YADE MECUM. 


35 


dos. Apesar de los esfuerzos del partido democr&tico, que 
imputaba 4 Adams ideas mon4rquicas, fne reelecto para el 
segundo periodo Yice-presidencial, prestando el juramento el 
4 de Marzo de 1793, y cuatro aiios despues presto el dePresi- 
dente de la Union retirandose al fin del periodo 4 la vida 
privada habiendo obtenido por toda recompensa el privilegio 
de recibir y dirijir su correspondence franca de porte. Ma¬ 
rio el 4 de Julio de 1826 4 la edad de noventa aiios. 

Tomas Jefferson , 3.° nacio el 2 de Abril de 1743. Fueron 
sus padres Pedro y Juana Randolph. Como estudiante, fue 
el predilecto, asi de sus condiscipulos como de sus maestros. 
En 1760 entro al colegio, donde vivio suntuosamente mante- 
niendo soberbios caballos y muy bien estimado en sociedad. 
A.1 segundo ano abandono estos placeres por dedicarse al estu- 
dio. Al salir del colegio entro en el bufete del letrado Wyth. 
En 1772 caso con la Sra. Marta Skelton, viuda bella y rica que 
trajo en dote 40,000 acres de tierra y 135 esclavos. No obstante 
esta fortuna, fue el siempre uno de los mas ardientes defen- 
sores de la abolicion de la esclavitud. En 1774, Jefferson dio 
4 la luz pfiblica un opusculo bajo el titulo “ Golpe de vista 
sobre los derechos de la America inglesa” que de tal manera 
atrajo la atension, que se tiraron varias ediciones en Ingla- 
terra. Como ya dijimos, Jefferson redacto la minuta, de la 
declaracion de independence. En 1776 fue nombrado Gober- 
nador de Virginia. En 12 de Noviembre de 1782 fue nom¬ 
brado unanimamente Ministro Plenipotenciario para negociar 
un tratado con Inglaterra. En 1784 fue miembro de una co- 
mision nombrada para elaborar un plan de Gobierno para la 
inmensa y vasta region conocida con el nombre de Territorio 
del Norveste. En 1784 fue nombrado Ministro Plenipoten¬ 
ciario, encargado de celebrar tratados en el esterior. En 1786 
se fue 4 Londres 4 negociar un tratado de comeroio. Fue muy 
querido de los republicanos franceses, y regreso 4 America en 
1789, Washingto lo llamo 4 desempenar la secretaria de Esta- 
do (Relaciones Exteriores) En 1797 fue electo Vice-Presidente 
y Presidente en la eleccion siguiente y en 1804 fue reelecto 
para la presidencia por unanimidad, y esto era 4 los 62 
aiios de edad. Terminado su segundo periodo, se retiro 4 la 
villa de Monticello, y murid el 4 de Julio de 1826 diez mi- 
nutos antes de las diez de la manana. 

. Jacobo Madison , 4° nacio en 5 de Marzo de 1751 en Mont¬ 
pellier, una factoria distante veinticinco millas de la villa de 
Jefferson. En 1789 entro al colegio de Princeton, del cual 
era presidente el ilustre Dr. Witherspoon. A la edad de 
vcinte aiios, recibio su diploma. Por la primera vez compa- 
recio en pfiblico como defensor de la tolerancia religiosa en 
union de Jefferson. En 1776, 4 la edad de veintiseis aiios fue 
electo miembro de la convencion de Virginia. Al ano siguiente 


36 


VADE MECUM. 


fue candidato para la Asamblea General, pero no sali6 electo. En 
1780, fue miembro del Congreso Continental. Por tres anos 
consecutivos contiuuo siendo uno de susmiembros mas activos. 
En 1784 lo fue de la Legislatura de Virginia. Abog6 con calor 
por la revision de los antiguos estatutos, por la extincion de las 
vinculaciones, y por el establecimiento de una completa libertad 
religiosa. Washington le ofrecio una inision y el puesto de Se- 
cretario de Estado que reliuso. En 1792 Madison era reputado 
comolacabeza del partido republieano en el Congreso. Jefferson 
nombrb d Madison Secretario de Estado. En Marzo de 1809 
fue electo Presidente de la Republica, por 122 votosde 175 elec- 
tores. En 18 de Junio 1812, el Presidente Madison, aprobb el 
acto del Congreso, declarando la guerra d la Gran Bretana, acto 
que ha sido muy generalmente aplaudido, apresar de la oposicion 
del partido federal. El 4 de Marzo de 1813 fue reelecto Presidente 
para un segundo periodo despues de terminado el cual, se retii’6 
a Montpellier. El aiio de 22 asepto el nombramiento de diputado 
a la convencion que sereunib en Richmond para reveer la Cons- 
titucion del Estado y espirb el 28 de Junio de 1836 d la edad de 
85 anos. 

Jacobo Monroe , 5.° nacib el 28 de Abril de 1758. Recibib 
una esmerada educacion. Fue su animo dedicarse al estudio de 
la Jurisprudencia, mas prefirio la participacion en los riesgos de 
defensor dela independencia nacional uniendose al ejercito como 
cadete d las ordenes de Washington. Recibib una herida en un 
liombro, y se distinguio de tal manera por su valor, que merecib 
ser ascendido al grado de Capitan. El Gl. Washington lo mandb 
d formar un regimiento en Virginia de que lo nombrb Coronel. 
En 1782 el indicado Estado lo eligio miembro de su Asamblea, y 
al siguiente aho delegado al Congreso Continental. Vuelto & 
Virginia se dedico d la pratica del foro en la ciudad de Fredenck- 
sburg, y en 1789 fue electo senador. Washington lo nombrb 
Embajador cerca de la Republica francesa. Poco despues que 
volvio de Europa fue electo Gobernador de Virginia. El Presi¬ 
dente Jefferson lo nombrb para desempehar el encargo de nego- 
ciar la Luisianaque obtuvo de Franciapor la sutna de$150,000,000. 
De Francia paso d Iuglaterra, d obtener el reconocimiento de 
los derechos de los Americanos como neutrales, y de alii fue d 
Espana. En 1809 fue reelecto Gobernador del Estado, empleo 
que no aceptb por que fue d ocupar el de Secretario de Estado 
para el cual le uombrb Madison. Por dimision del Secretario de 
Guerra, se encargo tambien Monroe del indicado portafolio y 
presto eminentes servicios. Electo Presidente de los Estados 
Unidos en 1817 entrb en el desempeno de su encargo, para el 
que fue reelecto por unanimidad en 1821, pues de 232 electores, 
solo un voto no obtuvo. El aho de 1825 se retiro d su residencia 
de Oak Hill ( Colina de roble), d donde le siguib la estimacion 


VADE MECUM. 37 

• 

y el respeto general. En 1830 vino d vivir d Nueva York, 
donde murid el 4 de Julio 1831 d la edad de 73 anos. 

Juan Quincy Adams, G° nacio el 11 de Julio de 1767 en 
Quincy. Cuando nino acompano d su padre en sus viajes por 
Europa. Primero estudio en una escuela en Amsterdan: despues 
entro d la Universidad de Leida y en 1776 d la de Harvard donde 
estudio la Jurisprudencia por tres anos bajola direccion del Hble. 
Parsons en Newburyport. En 1790 abrio su bufete en Boston. 
En Junio de 1794 d los 27 anos de edad fue nombrado Ministro 
cerca de la Corte de Holanda y en 97 cerca de Portogallo y al 
retirarse para dicho lugar recibio orden de permanecer en Lon- 
dres hasta segunda orden, la que efectivamente obtuvo con el 
nombramiento de Ninistro en Berlin d donde fue en 1797, per- 
manecienclo alii hasta fines del ano 1799. En 1809 fue de Emba- 
jador d Sanpetersburgo. En 1811 el Presidente Madison, lo nom- 
bro juez de la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos, empleo que 
no acepto. En el ano de 15 fue de Ministro d Londres. Una de 
las mas importantes medidas de la Presidencia del celebre Mon¬ 
roe, fue la adquisicion de la Florida, por $5,000,000. A pesar 
degran oposicion fue electo Presidente de la Nacion en 1825 y 
en 1829 se retiro d la vida privada de la que le distrajo otra vez 
la eleccion de representante de la Nacion, donde permanccio por 
diez i siete anos, por continuas reelecciones. El 21 de Febrero 
de 1848 al ponerse de pie para liablar en la Cdmara fue subita- 
mente atacado de paralisis. Rodeado de amigos lo trasladaron 
al departamento del Presidente, donde exalo el dltimo suspiro. 

Andres Jackson, 7° nacio el 15 de Marzo de 1767, de unofe 
emigrados irlandeces sumamente pobres. Su pobre madre, viuda, 
se retiro cerca de un cunado donde vivio diez anos. Desde su 
ninez fue Jackson turbulento e irreligioso. Sucedio durante la 
guerra de la independencia, que Andres Jackson y su hermano Ro¬ 
berto estaban de guardia cerca de la Casa de un Whig y 
fueron liechos, prisioneros. Un dia un oficial ingles le mando le 
limpiase sus vestidos, d loque eljoven coutesto “soi prisionero de 
guerra i no sirviente.” El oficial enfurecido lo hirio. La Madre 
vino d Charlestown d agenciar la libertad de sus dos hijos, y 
hericlos, descalsos, enfermos en fin tuvieron que caminar mas de 
euarenta millas. Cuando llegaron d su casa murio Roberto y el 
futuro presidente flucuo entre la vida y la muerte. Algunos 
dias despues que la madre se fue d agenciar la libertad de los 
hijos de su hermana que igualmente estaban prisioneros, murio 
aquella en medio del camino, dejando a Andres huerfano y en la 
miseria. Se puso de aprendiz de talabartero, y d medida que re- 
vivia, por decirlo asi de su postracion, se manifestaba su caracter, 
y se iba haciendo bebedor jugador, y pendenciero. Poseedor de 
un caballo se fue a Charlestown d buscar sus deudos. Invitado 
d jugar su caballo contra $200, convino en ello y tuvo la suerte 
de ganar. Con este dinero, pago sus deudas, volvio d su casa. 

4 


38 


VADE MECUM. 


En Salisbury principio & estudiar el derecho en el gabinete de un 
tal Me. Cay. Poco despues fuenombrado Procurador General en 
el Nashville. Dejando k un lado todas las peripecias de su juventud 
nos encontramos en 1796 con Jackson rico y convocado corao 
delegado en Knoxville para redactar una Constitucion. El nuevo 
estado tenia derecho k elegir un solo diputado al Congreso, y 
este fue Jackson que vino a Filadelfia. Era el verdadero democra¬ 
ts y se hizo muy popular en el Tennessee: fue electo Senador. 
Volvio en 1798 al Tennesee y resigno el cargo de tal, siendo 
nombrado & poco Juez de la Corte Suprema de aquel Estado ; 
mas por causa de una querella con el Gobernador Levier renun¬ 
cio tambien dicho destino. En 1804 fue electo General de la 
milicia. Ouando principio la guerra el aho 12, Aaron, Burrpropuso 
k Andres Jakson como un hombre que hacia honor al mando y 
el ofrecid sus servicios y 2500 voluntaries. Despues de la ad- 
quisicion de la Florida, Jackson fue nombrado Gobernador de 
este estado. En el otoho del ano 1823 fue otra vez electo Se¬ 
nador, y en 1828 Presidente de la Union. Al terminal’ su se- 
gundo periodo presidencial, se retiio k la crudad de Ermitaggio, 
llevando alii el resto de su vida como un verdadero cristiano, 
hasta el 6 de Junio de 1845 que dej6 este mundo para siempre. 

Martin Van Buren, 8.° nacio el 5 de Diciembre de 1782. Gra- 
duado de Dor. en Leyes despues de un curso de seis ahos de 
estudio en su propio lugar se tijo en la ciudad de Nueva 
York. En 1821 fue electo para ocupar una curul en el Se- 
nado Americano, y reelecto en 1827. En el ano de 28 Go¬ 
bernador del mismo Estado de Nueva York. El Presidente 
Jackson le nombro Secretario de Estado (Relaciones Exterio- 
res) Renuncio este puesto y fue nombrado Embajador en Lon- 
dres; pero el Senado no confirmo el nombramiento estando el 
fuera. Yuelto a los Estados Unidos fue elegido Vice-presi- 
dente y en 20 de Mayo de 36 Presidente, y se retii’6 del puesto 
en Marzo de 1841 y otra vez en 1844 fue candidato no afor- 
tunado; lo que sucedio una vez mas aun en 48 por el partido 
democrata, en cuya epoca se retiro a Londenwald donde murid 
el 24 de Julio de 1862. 

Guillermo Henrrique Harrison , 9° nacio en Virginia el 9 de 
Febrero de 1773. Nombrado Cadete en el ejercito destinado k 
combatir con los indios fue 4 poco ascendido k Teniente, y des¬ 
pues 4 Oapitan confiandole el mando de la fortaleza de Washing¬ 
ton. En 1797 hizo dimision y fue nombrado Secretario del 
territorio del Nordovest. En 1800 Gobernador del territorio 
de Indiana en cuyo puesto sirvio por doce ahos consecutivos. 
En 1816, ya General fue electo representante de la Rephblica 
y en 1819 Senador por Ohio. El Presidente Quincy Adams 
le nombro Embajador k la Rephblicade Colombia, mas, llama- 
do de nuevo al pais por el mismo Magistrado se retird k su 
fabrica en Ohio en cuyo lugar aceptd el humilde empleo de 


VAPE MECUM. 


39 


oficial del tribunal del Condado de Hamilton. Fue candidato 
en la eleccion de 1836; pero basta la siguiente no fue electo 
Presidente obteniendo 234 votos y murid el 4 de Abril de un 
ataque de Pleuresia. 

Juan Tyler , 10. o nacio el 29 deMarzode 1790. A los diezisiete 
aiios Minerva coronaba sus sienes y & los 19 principio (x practi- 
car la Jurisprudeneia con muy feliz exito. A los 26 fue electo 
miembro del Congreso, mas por razon de salud se vio obligado 
& retirarse aunque no pudo renunciar su curul en la Legislatura 
del Estado. En 1825 fue electo Gobernador del Estado, puesto 
que desempend por dos periodos. Elegido Senadorbajo la Pre- 
sidencia de Adams, se hizo oposicionista. En 1839 fue electo 
Vice-Presidente y en 41 Presidente. En la guerra civil se unio 
(x los confederados, por quienes fue electo miembro del Congreso. 
Poco despues murid dejando en su vida pfiblica esa mancha (fe 
liaber pertenecido al partido de los amigos de la esclavitud del 
hornbre para el hombre y por el hombre. 

Jacobo Knox Polk , 11.° nacio el 2 de Noviembre de 1795. En 
1813 fue maudado & la Academia de Murfreesborongh y en 1815 
entrd (x la Universidad de Chapel Hill en la Carolina del Norte. 
En 1823 fue electo <4 la Legislatura del Tennessee. En el ano de 
25 fue electo miembro del Congreso en cuyo puesto permanecio 
por 14 anos consecutivos, y al t^rmino de tan largo periodo fue 
electo Gobernador. El 4 de Marzo de 1845 presto el juramento 
como Presidente de los Estados Unidos, y murid a los 44 anos 
de edad en 15 de Junio de 1849. 

Zacarias Tailor , 12.° nacio el 24 de Noviembre de 1784 en 
el Condado de Orange en Virginia. Recorrio todo el escala- 
fon de la milicia, distinguiendose en la guerra contra Mejico. 
En 1849 presto juramento de Presidente, y un ano despues 
callo enfermo y murid el 9 de Julio de 1850, siendo muy nota¬ 
bles sus ultimas palabras “No temo el morir. ” 

Mallard Fillmore , 13.° nacio el 7 de Enero de 1800, hijo de 
un pobre agricultor. No tuvo las ventajas de una esmerada 
y culta educacion, mas el Juez Walter YTood sorprendido 
de su claro talento y agradado de su buena presencia, se lfizo su 
protector, lo agregd a su estudio y le facilito dinero para sus 
gastos. En 1829 fue nombrado representante en el Estado de 
Nueva York y en 32 al Congreso Nacional y reelecto en 1837. 
Eu 1847 fue nombrado Contralor del Estado y <i la muerte 
del Presidente, como de derecho, le sucedio en la Presidencia de 
la Nacion. Se retire el 4 de Marzo de 1853, y empreudio un 
largo viaje por el Sur y el 55 fue (x Europa. En la guerra civil 
permanencio neutral aunque tenia grandes simpatias por los 
separatistas. 

Franklin Pierce, 14.° nacio el 23 de Noviembre de 1804. El 
anode 1820 entrd al Colegio de Borodoin. En 33 fue electo 
Representante, y Senador en 37. El 27 de Mayo de 47 fue 4 la 


40 


VADE MECUM. 


campaiia de Mejico con el grado de General. El 12 de Junio 
de 52 fue electo Presidente prestando el juramento el4de Marzo 
de 1853. En 1857 se retiro 4 su casa en Concordia en Nuevo 
Hampshire. 

Jacobo Buchanan , 15° nacio el 23 de Abril de 179T de una 
pobre familia Irlandesa. Se educo con grandes sacrificios y en 
1812 fue incluido entre los raiembro del foro. El ano de 20 fue 
electo al Congreso y en 56 4 la Presidencia de la Republica por 
174 votos. Durante el periodo de su presidencia principio la 
terrible y funesta guerra de la rebelion. 

Abrahan Lincoln , 16° hijo de honrrados y pobres campesi- 
nos, habiendo perdido la mad re principio 4 ganar la vida dibu- 
jando letras para alf'abetos, en cuyo trabajose unio 4 su padre. A 
la,edad de 19 anos, un vecino le ofrecio la ocasion de hacer un 
viaje. A los 23 anos fue candidato 4 la Legislatura del Estato 
pero no triunfo. Jackson lo nombrd Administrador de correos en 
Salem. En este pobre destino se aplico al estudio. En* 1834 fue 
electo 4 la Legislatura y reelecto en 1836. El rico Stuart Ie 
propuso kiciese sociedad con el, lo que aceptd y por este motivo 
cambio de residencia fijandose en Springfield que era la capital. 
En tanto era electo siempre 4 la Legislatura y pronto merecio el 
consepto de ser uno de los principales de entre los Whig. En 
el ejercicio de su profesion fue tal su fama que era considerado 
como un hombre prominente y tomaba parte en los mas impor- 
tantes procesos. En 1846 fue electo miembro del Congreso. El 
15 de Junio fue finalmente electo Presidente, para cuando varios 
Estados se liabian separado de la union y la fatidica guerra civil 
se ensehoreaba de todo el territorio. El 14 de Abril se hallaba 
en Washington. El General Grant y el unidos intimamente 
fueron invitados 4 asistir 4 la representacion de la piesa. “Nues- 
tro primo mericano.” Fue al teatro el Presidente y mien- 
tras atendia con interes, 4 la representacion, un actor de 
nombreJuan Wilkes Booth, fue hacia el palco de aquel y 
le disparb un tiro de pistola, aprovechandose de la confusion pa¬ 
ra montar un caballo y desaparecer. Murib 4 poco de la fatal 
herida siendo este el termino de una vida ilustre y del hombre 
que al fin se decidib b que el pais lavase con su propia sangre la 
negra mancha de la esclavitud ya que lo queria asi, mancha 
horrenda con que el mundo cristiano enrrostraba 4 la nacion que 
alardeaba de ser la portaestandarte de la forma republicana .Tal 
debia ser el fin de sus dias, pues, humano, caritativo, religioso y 
liberal verdadero, sanciono con el martirio su justicia. 

Andrea Johnson, 17° nacio el 29 de Dbre. de 1808 en Raleigh, 
fue uno de los muchachos mas pobres; y sin saber ni leer ni escri- 
bir aprendio el oficio de sastre. Un caballero ansiano, tenia la 
costumbre de ir 4 leer 4 la tienda de su principal. Esto desperto 
su ambicion, y se puso 4 aprender 4 leer, principiando natural- 
mente por el alfabeto, y con la ayuda de otro operario completo 


VADE MECUM. 


41 


Ru aprendizaje. En 1828 ya era hombre de popularidad y fue 
electo Alcalde (Alderman) y dos anos despues Sindico, El ano de 
1835 fue miembro de la Camara de representantes, del Tennessee, 
y en 1841 Senador del Estato. En 43 miembro del Congreso de la 
Union en donde estuvo diez anos consecutivos. En 53 Gober- 
nador delTennessee y reelecto en 55. En 14 de Noviembre de 
1864 Vice-Presidente de los Estados Unidos y 4 la muerte de 
Lincoln, conforme 4 la Constitucion ocupo la Presidencia. 

Ulines Sidney Grant 18.° nacio el 27 de Abril de 1822 en el 
Condado de Clermont, Ohio, cerca de Cincinati. Nos estendere 

mos aqui sobre la vida del actual Presideute?. No, ni serviles 

encomios, ni cabardes ultrajes, deshonrraran estas paginas y pa¬ 
ra el como para los otros, trasaremos solo 4 grandes rasgos lo 
que por decirlo asi no constituye mas que una ojeada sobre su vida. 
Hasta la edad de 17 anos, estuvo trabajando con su padre en su 
teneria, y 4 esta edad, entro de Cadete en la escuela militar de 
West Point, donde se distingnid pasando por las daces inilitares 
de cabo y sargento 4 los grados de oficial. El primero de Junio 
de 43 fue graduato de Subteniente de infanteria. En 45 estuvo 
4 las ordenes del General Taylor en la guerra de Tejas. El 13 
de Setiembre de 47 fue ascendido "4 Capitan. Se retiro del ser- 
vicio y se casd con la Srta. Dent de San Luis domiciliandose en 
jurisdiccion de dic.lm ciudad donde se ocupo en labrar la tierra. 
A1 principio de la guerra civil fue jefe de instruccion delos vo¬ 
luntaries del Estado (Illinois) y poco despues Coronel del Regi- 
miento n° 21° de infanteria, en el mes de Junio de 1861, en 
Agosto, ascendio al grado de Brigadier y en Febrero de 62 al de 
General. En Octubre de 62 fue nombrado Comandante del De- 
partamento del Tennessee iucluso el Mississipi hasta Wickburg. 
En las sesiones de 63, el Congreso le decreto una medalla de 
honor, testimonio de reconocimiento de ambas camaras por su 
patriotismo y valor. En acto de 1° de Marzo de 1861 el mismo 
Cuerpo le ascendio 4 General de Division. El 16 de Abril de 1865 
Johnson, ajusto con el Geueral Sherman las condiciones de ren- 
dicion que el Congreso rehuso, y mando 4 Grant para que pac- 
tase otras que fueron las mismas con que se rindio el General Lee. 
El 21 de Mayo de 68 la convencion uacional republicana reunida 
en Chicago, designo como candidato 4 la Presidencia al General 
Grant por 650 votos. Llegado el tiemffo los sufragios populares 
conlirmaron esta eleccion, que se repit46 despues del primer pe- 
riodo, liabiendo tenido el que est.o escribe ocasion de asistir en 
Washington 4 la prestacion del juramento y toma de posesion 
del alto funsionario. Mucho se ha hablado sobre elegirle para 
un tercer periodo; las elecciones se acercan ya, y pronto sa- 
bremos si ser4 asi. Termino estos apuntes, observando 4 
mis lecctores cuan hermosa, por decirlo de una vez, es una na- 
cion que elige su jefe en vez de la mayor parte de las de Europa 
dominadas todavia por el vetusto sistema momirquico, hereudan- 

4 * 



42 


VADE MECUM. 


dose los reyes su dominio corao si fuesen cosas en el comercio de 
los hombres y constituyendo la palabra Repdblica en tales paices, 
el escandalo de los pueblos, corno si se dijese hurto, homicidio, 
injusticia, anarquia. 

Actual Gobierno de los Estados Unidos. 

Presidente. —ULYSSES S. GRANT, de Illinois. 
Vice-Presidente. —Yacant.e por muerte. 

Secretario privado del Presidente. — General 0. E. Babcock, 

de Vermont. 

GABINETE. 

Secretario de Estado —HAMILTON FISH, de Nueva York. 
Secretario de Hnda. —BENJAMIN H. BRISTOW, 

de Kentucky. 

Secretario de Guerra .—GUILLERMO W. BELKNAP, 

de Iova. 

Secretario de Marina. —GEORGE M. ROBERSON, 

de Nueva Jersey. 

Secretario del Intenor. —ZAC ARIAS CHANDLER, 

de Michigan. 

Administrador Gl. de Correos. —MARSHALL JEWELL, 

de Connecticut. 

Ministro de Justicia .—EDUARDO PIER REPO NT, 

de Nueva York. 


Miembros del 44° Congreso. 

SENADO. 

Presidente. —Tomas Guillermo, Ferry de Michigan. 
Secretario. —George C. Gorham, de California. 


a <x> a 

S » P* 

5 ® 00 

E-i cr § 

Alabama. 

1877 George Goldthwaite, Dem. 
1879 George E. Spencer, Rep. 
Arkansas. 

1877 Powell Clayton, Rep. 

1879 Estevan W. Dorsey, Rep. 
California. 

1879 Aaron A. Sargent, Rep. 
1881 Newton Booth, Ind. 

Connecticut. 

1876 Jacobo E. English, Dem, 
1881 Guillermo Heaton, Dem. 


s « * 

<13 ® 02 

•- P s 
S s'* 

Delaware. 

1877 Ely Saulsbury, Dem. 

1881 Tomas Bayard, Dem. 
Florida. 

1879 Simon B. Conover, Rep. 
1881 Carlos W. Jones, Dem. 

Georgia. 

1877 Tomas M. Norwood, Dem. 
1879 Juan B. Gordon, Dem. 

Illinois. 

1877 Juan A. Logan, Rep. 
1879 Ricardo J. Olgesby, Rep. 



VADE MECUM. 


43 


a . 
a ® § 

c? s •<-» 

_ S3 «2 
2 « ® 
Ph <x> S3 

“ y ft 
5 W 


a? 


tZ S. s 3 

t - cr tc 


Indiana. 

1870 Oliverio P. Morto, Rep. 
1881 Jose E. McDonald, Dem. 
Iowa. 

1877 George Wright, Rep. 
1879 Guill. B. Allison, Rep. 

Kansan. 

1877 Jacobo M. Harvey, Rep. 
1879 Juan J. Ingalls, Rep. 

Kentucky. 

1877 J. W. Stevenson, Dem. 
1879 Tom. C. McCreery, Dem. 
Luisiana. 

1877 J. Rodman West, Rep. 
1879 


Maine. 

1877 Lotario M. Morrill, Rep. 
1881 Anibal Hamlin, Rep. 
Maryland. 

1879 George R. Dennis, Dem. 
1881 G. Pinckney White, Dem. 
Massachussetts. 

1877 George S. Boutwell, Rep, 
1881 Enrique L. Dawes, Rep. 
Michigan. 

1877 Tomas W. Ferry, Rep. 
1881 Jsaac. P. Christiancy.Ind. 
Minnesota. 

1877 Guillermo Windom, Rep. 
1881. S. J. R. McMillan, Ind. 

Mississippi. 

1877 Jacobo L. Alcorn, Rep. 
1881 B. K. Bruce Rep. 

Missouri. 


1879 Luis Y. Bogy, Dem. 

1881 Franc. M. Cockrell, Dem. 

Nebraska. 

1877 Phin. W. Hitchock, Rep. 
1881 Alger. S. Paddock, Rep. 
Nevada. 

1879 Juan P. Jones, Rep. 

1881 Guillermo Sharon, Rep. 

New Hampshire. 

1877 Aaron H. Cragin, Rep. 
1879 Bajn. Wadleigh, Rep. 


a . 

a ® S 

<o a Z 

eS ® 


2 ® 

® P 

2 « * 
® ® 

E 5. 3 


New Jersey. 

1877 F.T. Frelinghuysen, Rep. 
1881 Teod. F. Randolph, Dem. 
New York. 

1879 R. Conkling, Rep. 

1881 Francisco Kernan, Dem. 

Carolina del Norte. 

1877 Mateo G. Ransom, Dem. 
1879 Aug. S. Merrimon, Dem. 
Ohio. 

1879 Juan Sherman, Rep. 

1881 Allen G. Thurman, Dem. 
Oregon. 

1877 Jacobo K. Kelly, Rep. 
1879 Juan H. Mitchell, Dem. 
Pensylvania. 

1879 Simon Cameron, Rep. 
1881 Guill. A. Wallace, Dem. 


Rhode Island. 


1877 Enrique B. Anthony, Rep. 
1881 Amb. E. Burnside, Rep. 

Carolina del Sur. 

1877 Tomas J. Robertson, Rep. 
1879 Juan J. Patterson, Rep. 
Tennessee. 

1877 Enriqne Cooper, Dem. 

D. M. Key, (interino.) 
Tejas. 

1877 Morg. C. Hamilton, Ind. 
1881 Sam. B. Maxey, Dem. 
Vermont. 

1879 Justino S. Morrill, Rep. 
1881 George F. Edmunds, Rep. 
Virginia. 

1877 Juan W. Johnston, Dem. 
1881 Rob. E. Withers, Dem. 

Virginia Occidental. 

1877 Enrique C. Davis, Dem. 
1881 Allen T. Caperton, Dem. 
Viscounsin. 

1877 Timoteo 0. Howe, Rep. 
1881 Angel Cameron, Rep. 

22 Democratas, 

40 Republicanos, 

^ j Indepeudientes, 

1 Reform istas. 



44 


VADE MECUM. 


/ 

Camara de Rapresentantes. 


Distrito. 

Alabama. 

1 B. B. Lewis, Dein. 

2 W. H. Forney, Dem. 

3 Geremias Haralson de color. 

4 Ger. N. Williams, Dem. 

5 Pablo Bradford, Dem. 

6 Carlos Hays, Rep. 

7 Juan H. Caldwell, Dem. 

8 Gold. W. Huvitt, Dem. 

Arkansas. 

1 Luciano C. Gause, Dem. 

2 Guillermo J. Slemons, Dem. 

3 W. W. Wilshire, Dem. 

4 Tomas M. Gunter, Dem. 

California. 

1 Guillermo A. Piper, Dem. 

2 H. F. Page, Rep. 

3 Juan K. Lutrell, Dem. 

4 F. D. Wigginton, Dem. 

Connecticut. 

1 George M. Landers, Dem. 

2 Jaime Phelps, Dem. 

3 E. H. Starkweather, Rep. 

4 Guillermo H. Barnum, Dem. 

Delaware. 

1 Jacobo Williams, Dem. 
Florida. 

1 Guillermo J. Purman, Rep. 

2 J. T. Walls, Rep. 

Georgia.. 

1 Julio Hartridge, Dem. 

2 Guillermo E. Smith, Dem. 

3 Felipe Cook, Dem. 

4 Enrique R. Harris, Dem. 

5 Milton A. Candler, Dem. 

6 Jacobo H. Blount, Dem, 

7 Guillermo IL Felton, Dem. 

8 A. H. Stephens, Dem. 

9 Benjamin Hill, Dem. 

Illinois. 

1 Bernardo G. Gaufield, Dem. 

2 Carter H. Harrison Dem. 

3 Carlos B. Harwell, Rep. 

4 Esteban A. Hurlbut, Rep. 

5 Horazio C. Burchard, Rep. 


Distrito. 

6 Tomas J. Henderson, Rep. 

7 Alej. Campbell, Ind. 

8 Greembury L. Fort, Rep. 

9 Ricardo H. Whiting, Rep. 

10 Juan C. Bagbyylnd. 

11 Scott Wike, Dem. 

12 W. M. Springer, Dem. 

13 Adlai E. Stevenson, Ind. 

14 Gustavo C. Cannon, Rep. 

15 Juan R. Eden, Dem. 

16 Guill. A. J. Sparks, Dem. 

17 Guill. It. Morrison, Dem. 

18 Guill. ITartzell, Dem. 

19 Guill. A. Anderson, Ind. 

Indiana. 

1 Benoni S. Fuller, Dem. 

2 J. S. Williams, Dem. 

3 Miguel 0. Kerr, Dem. 

4 Jet'ta D. New, Dem. 

5 Guillermo S. Holman, Dem. 

6 Milton S. Robinson, Rep. 

7 Franklin Landers, Dem. 

8 Morton C. Hunter, Rep. 

9 Tomas J. Cason, Rep. 

10 Guill. S. Haymhnd, Dem. 

11 Jacobo L. Evans, Rep. 

12 Andres H. Hamilton, Dem. 

13 Juan Guill. Bakre, Jlep. 

Iowa. 

1 George G. McCrary, Rep. 

2 Juan Q. Tufts, Rep. 

3 L. L. Ainsworth, Dem. 

4 Enrique 0. Pratt, Rep. 

5 Jacobo Wilson, Rep. 

6 E. S. Sampson, Rep. 

7 Juan A. Kasson, Rep. 

8 Jacobo Gu. McDill, Rep. 

9 Addison Oliver Rep. 

Kansas. 

1 Guillermo R. Philips, Rep. 

2 Juan R. Goodiu, Dem. 

3 Guillermo R. Brown, Rep. 

Kentucky. 

1 A. R. Boone, Dem. 

2 Juan Brown, Dem. 




VADE MECUM. 


45 


Distrito. 

3 0. Guillermo Milliken, Dem. 

4 J. Proctor Knott, Dem. 

5 E. J. Parsons, Dem. 

6 "Fomas L. Jones, Dem. 

7 J. 0. S. Blackburn, Dem. 

8 Milton J. Durham, Dem. 

9 Juan D. White, Rep. 

10 Juan B. Clarke, Dem. 

Luisiana. 

1 Randall L. Gibson, Dem. 

2 E. J. Ellis, Dem. 

3 Chester B. Darrall, Rep. 

4 Guillermo M. Levy, Dem. 

5 Francisco Morey, Rep. 

6 Carlos E. Nash, Rep. 

Maine. 

1 Juan H. Burleigh, Rep 

2 Guillermo P. Frye, Rep. 

3 Guillermo C. Blaine, Rep. 

4 Enrique M. Plaisted, Rep. 

5 Eugenio Hale, Rep. 

Maryland. 

1 Felipe F. Thomas, Dem. 

2 Carlos S. Roberts, Dem. 

3 Guillermo J. O’Brien Dem. 

4 Tomas Swann, Dem. 

5 Elias J. Henkle Dem. 

6 Guillermo Walsh, Dem. 

Massachussetts. 

1 Guillermo R. Crapo, Rep. 

2 Benjamin G. Harris, Rep. 

3 Enrique L. Pierce, Rep. 

4 Rufo L. Frost, Rep. 

5 N. P. Banks Rep. 

6 C. P. Thampson, Dem. 

7 Juan K. Tarbox, Dem. 

8 Guillermo G. Warren, Dem. 

9 George F. Hoar, Rep. 

10 Julio H. Seelve, Ind. 

11 Chester G. Chapin, Dem. 

Michigan. 

1 A. S. Williams, Dem. 

2 Enrique Waldron, Rep. 

3 George Willard, Rep. 

4 Allen Potter, Dem. 

5 W. B. Williams, Rep. 

G G. H. Durand, Dem. 


Distrito. 

7 Omar. D. Conger, Rep. 

8 Natan Bradley, Rep. 

9 Jay A. Hubbell, Rep. 

Minnesota. 

1 Marcos H. Dunnell, Rep. 

2 Horazio B. Strait, Rep. 

3 Guillermo S. King, Rep. 

Mississippi. 

1 L. R. C. Lamar, Dem. 

2 G. Wiley Wells, Rep. 

3 IT. D. Money, Dem. 

4 Ot. R. Singleton, Dem. 

5 C. E. Hooker, Dem. 

6 Rodrigo Seal, Dem. 

Missouri. 

1 Eduardo C. Kerr, Dem. 

2 Erasto Wells. Dem. 

3 G. H. Stone Dem. 

4 R. A. Hatcher, Dem. 

5 Ricardo P. Bland, Dem. 

6 Carlos H. Morgan, Dem. 

7 Juan F. Philips, Dem. 

8 Benjamin J. Franklin, Dem. 

9 David Rea, Dem. 

10 B. A. De Bolt, Dem. 

11 Juan B. Clark, hijo. 

12 Juan M. Glover, Dem. 

13 A. H. Buckner, Dem. 

Nebraska. 

1 Lorenzo Crounse, Rep. 

Nevada. 

1 Guillermo Woodburn, Rep. 
Nuevo Hampshire. 

1 Francisco Jones, Dem. 

3 Samuel N. Bell, Dem. 

2 Enrique W. Blair, Rep. 

Nuevo Jersey. 

1 E. H. Sinnickson, Rep. 

2 Samuel A. Dobbins, Rep. 

3 Miles Ross, Dem/ 

4 Roberto Hamilton, Dem. 

5 Augusto G. Cutler, Dem. 

6 Federico H. Teese Dem. 

7 A. A. Hardenberg, Dem. 

Nueva York. 

1 Enrique B. Metcalf, Dem. 

2 G. G. Schoemaker, Dem. 





46 


VADE MECUM. 


Distrito. 

3 S. P. Chittenden, Rif. 

4 Arcadio M. Bliss, Rif. 

5 Edvino R. Meade Dem. 

G Samuel S. Cox, Dem. 

7 Smith Ely, hijo Dem. 

8 Elias Ward, Dem. 

9 Fernando Wood, Dem. 

10 Abraan S. Hewitt, Dem. 

11 Benjamin A. Willis, Rif. 

12 N. Holmes Odell, Dem. 

13 J. O. Whitehouse, Ind. 

14 George M. Beebe, Dem. 

15 G. H. Bagley, hijo Dem. 

16 Carlos H. Adams, Rep. 

17 M. I. Townsend, Rep. 

18 Andres Williams, Rep. 

19 Guillermo A. Wheeler, Rep. 

20 Enrique H. Hathorn, Rep. 

21 Samuel F. Miller, Rep. 

22 George A. Bagley Rep. 

23 Scott Lord, Dem. 

24 Guillermo H. Baker, Rep. 

25 Ej W. Leavenworth, Rep. 

26 C. D. MacDougall, Rep. 

27 E. G. Lepham, Rep. 

28 Tomas 0. Platt, Rep. 

29 C. C. B. Walker, Dem. 

30 Juan M. Davy, Rep. 

31 George G. Hoskins, Rep. 

32 Liman K. Bass, Rep. 

Carolina del Norte. 

1 Jesse J. Yeates, Dem. 

2 J. A. Hyman, (neg.) 

3 Alfredo M. Waddell, Dem. 

4 Gustavo F. Davis, Dem. 

5 Alfredo M. Seales, Dem. 

6 Tomas S. Ashe, Dem. 

7 Guill. M. Robbins, Dem. 

8 Roberto B. Vance, Dem. 

Ohio. 

1 Milton Sayler, Dem. 

2 H. B. Banning, Ind. 

3 Juan S. Savage, Dem. 

4 Juan A. McMahon, Dem. 

5 Americo G. Rice, Dem. 

6 Francisco H. Hard, Dem. 

7 Lorenzo E. Neal, Dem. 


Distrito 

8 Guillermo Lawrence, Rep. 

9 E. F. Poppleton, Dem. 

10 Carlos Foster, Rep. 

11 Juan L. Vance, Dem. 

12 AnselmoT. Walling, Dem. 

13 Milton I. Southard, Dem. 

14 Jacobo P. Cowan, Dem. 

15 N. H. Wan Vorhees, Rep. 

16 Lorenzo Danford, Rep. 

17 L. D. Woodworth, Rep. 

18 Jacobo Monroe, Rep. 

19 Jacobo A. Grafield, Rep. 

20 Enrique B. Paine, Dem. 

Oregon. 

1 Lafayette Lane, Dem. 

Pensilvania. 

1 Chapman Freeman, Rep. 

2 Carlos O’Neill Rep. 

3 Samuel J. Rendall, Dem. 

4 Guillermo D. Kelley, Rep. 

5 Juan Robbins, Dem. 

6 Wash Townsend, Rep. 

7 Alan Wood Giov, Rep. 

8 Hiester Clymer, Dem. 

9 A. Ilerr Smith, Rep. 

10 W. Mutchler, Dem. 

11 Francisco D. Collins, Dem. 

12 W. W. Ketchum, Rep. 

13 Jacobo B. Reilly, Dem. 

14 Juan B. Pocker, Rep. 

15 Gustavo Powell, Dem. 

16 Sobiesky Ross, Rep. 

17 Juan Reill, Dem. 

18 W. S. Stenger, Dem. 

29 Levi Maisli, Dem. 

30 L. A. Mackey, Dem. 

31 Jacobo Turney, Dem. 

32 Jacobo H. Hopkins, Dem. 

33 Alejan. G. Cochrane Dem. 

34 Juan G. Wallace, Rep. 

35 George A. Jenks, Dem. 

36 Jacobo Sheakley, Dem. 

37 Alberto G. Egbert, Dem. 

Rhode Island. 

1 Benjamin T. Eames, Rep. 

2 Latimer W. Ballou, Rep. 






YADE MECUM. 


47 


Distrito. 

Carolina del Sur. 

1 J. H. Rainey, Rep. 

2 E. G. M. Mackey, Ind. 

3 Salomon L. Hoge Rep. 

4 Alejandro S. Wallace, Rep. 

5 R. Smalls (negro) Rep. 

Tennessee. 

1 Guillermo McFarland, Dem. 

2 G M. Thornburg, Dem. 

3 George G. Dibrell, Dem. 

4 Juan M. Bright, Dem. 

5 Juan F. House, Dem. 

6 G. C. Whittorne, Dem. 

7 Juan D. 0. Atkins, Dem. 

8 G. P. Caldwell, Dem. 

9 H. Casey Young, Dem. 

Tejas. 

1 Juan R. Reagan, Dem. 

2 D. B. Culberson, Dem. 

3 J. M Throckmorton, Dem. 

4 Rogeris L. Mills, Dem. 

5 Juan Hancock, Dem. 

6 Gustavo Schleischer, Dem. 

Vermont. 

1 Carlos H. Jovce Rep 

2 D. C. Denison, Ind. 

3 George G. Hendee, Rep. 

Virginia,. 

1 B. B. Douglas, Dem. 

2 Juan Goode, Dem. 

3 Gilberto C. Walcker, Dem. 

4 W. H. H. Stowell, Rep. 

5 George C. Cabell, Dem. 

6 Juan 1’. Tucker, Dem. 

7 Juan T. Harris, Dem. 

8 Eppa Hunton, Dem. 

9 Guillermo Terry, Dem. 

Virginia Occidental. 

I Benjamin Wilson, Dem. 


Distrito. 

2 Carlos C. Faulkner, Dem. 

3 Francisco Hereford, Dem. 

Vise on sin. 

1 Carlos C. Williams, Rep. 

2 L. B. Caswell, Rep. 

3 Enrique S. Magon, Rep. 

4 Guill. Pitt Lynde, Dem. 

5 Samuel D. Burchar, Dem. 

6 Alanson M. Kimball, Rep. 

7 Gerernias M. Rusk, Rep. 

8 George G. Cate, Dem. 
Delegados de los Territorios. 

Arizona. 

H. S. Stevens, Rep. 
Colorado. 

T. M. Patterson, Rep. 
Dakota. 

J. P. Bidder, Rep. 

Idaho. 

T. G. Bennett, Rep. 

Montana. 

M. Maginnis, Rep. 

Nuevo Mejico. 

S. B. Elkins, Rep. 

Utah. 

C. Q. Cannon, Rep. 

Washington. 

0. Jacobs, Rep. 

Wyoming. 

G. R. Steele, Rep. 

172 Democraticos, 

105 Republicanos, 

12 Independientes, Refor- 
mistas, Liberales, Republicanos 
2 Yacantes. 

El 5 Distrito de la Luis- 
iana en duta. 



Potencias. Ministros de los Estados Unidos. nombra- Ministros cerca de los Estados Unidos. nombra- 

miento. rnieDto. 


48 


VADE MEOUM 


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1S74 







































































































VADE MECUM. 


49 


TARIFA DE CORREO. 

La tabla siguiente, indica la tarifa de cartas, perlodicos, libros 
panfletos, y demas efectos. que puedan remitirse por la posta 
entre los diferentes lugares del pals. 

CARTAS 

Cartas para cualquiera parte de los Estados Unidos 

Dentro de una ciudad. 

Tarjetas postales, para cualquiera parte del pais 
(Nota.) Las c&rtas certificddas deben pagardiez 
centavos ademas del franqueo 6 porte. 

LIBROS, PERIODICOS FAJADOS, MERCANCIAS &. 

Los libros, circulares, y otros impresos, inclusive los 
periodicos, semillas etc. en paquetes que no pasen 
de cuatro libras, por cada onza 6 fracciou . 

Mercancias en paquetes que no exedan de 4 lbs, cada 
onza 6 fraccion . ..... 

Diarios, circulares y periodicos en general, dirijidos 
k una sola persona para ser distribuidos en la 
ciudad ........ 1 cada uno. 

Si exedieren de 2 onza .2 idem. 

Todo efecto, conforme d la presedente tarifa, debe ir empaque- 
tado, de modo que pueda examinarse el contenido sin destruirse 
la cubierta 6 envcltorio, y. ni interior ni exteriormente debe 
contener escrito nada, y tan solo ser& permitido numerar 6 mar- 
car las semillas para corresponder k las cartas que las describan 
6 espliquen. 

No se pueden mandar por la posta, vidrios, liquidos y objetos 
6 preparaciones explosivas y peligrosas. 

TARIFA DE PERIODICOS Y DEMAS PARA LOS ABONADOS. 

La tarifa de todos los diarios y publicaciones periodicas que 
partan de los impresores 6 publicadores conocidos, 6 agencias, 
dirijidos k suscritores regulares, como sigue: 

Por diarios 6 semanarios 6 periodicos de mas de una vez k la 
semana—2 centavos por libra 6 fraccion de esta. 

Por periodicos que se publiquen menos de una vez por semana 
3 centavos por libra 6 fraccion de tal. 

Giros Postales. 

La rata de los giros 6 libramientos postales en los Estados 
Unidos es como sigue. 

No exediendo de $15, diez centavos: de $15 a $30 quince cen¬ 
tavos: de $30 k $40 veinte centavos: de $40 k $50 veinticinco 
centavos. No se lleva cuenta alguna de fracciones de centavos. 
5 


X onza 
cada una. 

3 cent. 
2 cent. 
1 cent. 


1 cent. 
1 cent. 


50 


YADE MECUM. 


Giros postales para Inglaterra y Suecia. Hasta $10, veinti- 
cinco centavos: de $10 A $20, cincuenta centavos: de $20 a 30, 
setenticinco centavos: de $30 A $40 un dollar: de $40 A 50 un 
dollar y veinticinco centavos. 

Para Alemania.—No pasando de $5, quince centavos: de $5 4 
$10 veinticinco centavos: de $10 A $20, cincuenta centavos: de 
$30 A $40, un dollar: de $40 A $50 un dollar y veinticinco 
centavos. 

Libramientos 6 giros para el Canadd: Non exediendo de $10 
veinte centavos: de $10 A $20, cuarenta centavos: de $20 A $30 
sesenta centavos: de $30 A $40, ochenta centavos: de $40 A $50 
un dollar. 

Tarifa Postal para los diferentes Estados Extranjeros. 

El cuadro que sigue, indica la tarifa de Cartas y periodicos 
que se envien por el correo A las diversas Naciones extranjeras, 
en orden alfabetico: 


CARTAS. 

¥o eccedien- 

Periodicos 

do onza. 

eccediendo. 

Alemania, via Union Alemania Setentrio- 
nal . ...... 

*5 cent. 

2 cent. 

Aspinwall. 

5 

2 

Austria ^ 

*5 

2 

Austria, via S. Francisco .... 

5 

2 

” via Inglaterra .... 

15 

4 

via Brindisi .... 

21 

8 

Belgica .. 

*5 

2 

Bermuda via New York .... 

5 

2 

Brasil via directa. 

15 

3 

Canadd, Nueva Escozia, Terranova. 

3 

t 

Cabo de Buena Esperanza 

*27 

4 

Chile, Bolivia, Equador y Peril 

17 

4 

China, via Southampton .... 

*27 

4 

Confederacion Argentina . 

23 

4 

Dinamarca ...... 

*5 

2 

Francia. 

5 

2 

Japon, via S. Francisco . 

15 

4 

Hong Kong. Canton, Swatow, Amoy y 
Foochow, via S. Francisco 

10 

2 

Inglaterra e Irlanda . 

*5 

2 

India Oriental, via S. Francisco 

10 

2 

” via de Inglaterra 

21 

4 

” via Brindisi 

27 

8 

India Occidental, via directa . 

5 

2 

(Inglesa) via S. Tomas y 

.j.j 


Habana ....... 

13 

4 

Italia, via de Inglaterra .... 

*5 

2 






VADE MECUM. 


► 51 



No eccedien- 
do X onza. 


Siberia. 

*15 

4 

Mejico. 

10 

3 

Noruega y Suesia. 

*5 

2 

Holanda . ...... 

*5 

2 

Portogallo, via de Southampton 

*5 

2 

Rusia via de Inglaterra .... 

*5 

2 

Shanghai, via S. Francisco 

5 

2 

Espana . . . . . . 

Suiza . , . . . /. 

5 

2 

*5 f 

2 

Turquia, Siria, etc. via de Inglaterra 

*5 

2 

Venezuela, con paquete Americano 

10 

3 

Venezuela, con paquete Ingles 

5 

2 

El asterisco indica que el porte puede pagarse indistintamente 
bien por quien remite 6 por quien recibe. 

El porte para periodicos dirijidos al Canad4 es ig 
Estados Unidos. 

ual al de los 


Tarjetas de Correo para el Exterior. 

Las tarjetas de correo Americanas, cou una estampilla de un 
centavo pueden mandarse 4 los siguiente paises: Holanda, Mol¬ 
davia, Montenegro, Terranova, Norjiega, Polonia, Portogallo, 
Romania, Rusia, Servia, Espana, Suesia, Suisa, Austria, Belgi- 
ca, Dinamarca. Egipto, Alemania, Inglaterra, Irlanda, Grecia, 
Groenlandia, Prancia, Italia, Turquia y Valaquia. 

Es digno de alabarse el esmero escrupuloso conque tales tar¬ 
jetas se remiten 4 sus respectivos destinos y se entregan seguras 
4 quien van dirijidas. 

Por toda la ciudad, y generalmente fijas 4 los postes de los 
faroles del alumbrado, hay buzones donde se pone la correspon- 
dencia, que los repartidores recogen, cuatro veces al dia, siendo 
la primera 4 Ins ocho de la manana y la filtima 4 la siete y media 
de la noche. En domingo se hace solo una recogida 4 las siete 
y media de la noche. 

Tarifa Telegrafica. 

Siendo el uso del tel6grafo parte esencial de nuestro objeto, 
creemos ser4 utilisimo 4 los visitadores de la ciudad la noticia 
que sigue: Las diez primeras palabras, cuestan de Filadelfia 4 
Nueva York 30 cent. 4 Baltimore 30 cent. 4 Washington 40 
cent. 4 Harrisburg 25 cent, y dos centavos mas por cadapalabra 
adicional. 

Para Boston y todos los Estados llamados de la Nueva Ingla¬ 
terra 50 cent, las primeras diez palabras y tres mas por cada 
palabra adicional. 

Para Pittsburg 40 centavos. 




52 


VADE MECUM. 


Para Siracusa, Estado de Nueva York 50 cent, las diez pri- 
raeras y tres por cada una mas. Para Buffalo, Rockers, N. York 
y Richmond, Virginia, 75 cent, por las primeras diez palabras, 
y cinco por cada una de mas. 

Para Cincinati, Chicago, Luisville, Toledo, Detroit 6 Indiana¬ 
polis, un dollar por las primeras diez palabras y siete centavos 
por cada una adicional. 

Para Sn. Luis, Nashville y Montgomery, Alabama, $1 25, 
dollar por las primeras diez y ocho centavos por cada palabra 
de mas. 

Para Milvankee $1,10 dollar las primeras diez, y 7 cent, por 
cada una de mas. 

Para Mobile, Selma, Alabama y Menfis $1, 50 las primeras 
diez, y 10 cent, cada una demas. 

Para Nueva Orleans $2 las primeras diez y 13 centavos cada 
una de mas. 

Para S. Francisco $2, 50 las diez primeras y 17 cent, por ca¬ 
da una de mas. 

Para Montreal, Canadd, $1, 04 las primeras diez y 7 centavos 
cada una de mas. 

Para S. John, Norveste $1, 25 las primeras diezy 8 cent, cada 
una de mas. 

Para Cuba $5, 40 las primeras diez y 40 centavos por cada 
palabra de mas. 

No se cuenta la direccion y nombre ni de la persona cpie man- 
da el telegrama, ni de la que recibe entre los Estados Unidos 
entre si y el Canadd. 

En los telegramas submarinos, se cuentan la direccion y firma. 

De Filadelfia d cualquier parte de la Gran Bretana 53 cent, 
por palabra, en oro, 6 su equivalente. 

Para la Francia, lo mismo que para Inglaterra, con la 
escepsion de 53cts. demas y de que se inserte siempre el nombre 
del lugar de donde parte el telegrama. 

Para los lugares que siguen, 53 centavos por palabra, y ade- 
mas, por cada veinte, asi: Para Alemania $1, 10: Para Suisa 
$1, 46: Para Austria y Hungria $1, 50; Para Espaiia y Suesia 
$1, 75: Para Noruega, $1 80: Para Italia $1, 88: Para Rusia 
$2, 50: Para Ieddo y Japon, $42, 62, y para Hong Kong, $30. 

Descripcion General de la ciudad de Filadelfia. 

La ciudad de Filadelfia, tal cual la fundo Guillermo Penn eom- 
prendia tan solo la parte que estd en las calles llamadas South 
(Sur) y Vine (el nombre de un arbol) y entre los rios Delaware 
y Schuylkill. Se fundaron despues fuera de dichos liraites, 
factorias y caserios, que se gobernaban separadamente aunque 
todos estaban, por decirlo asi, uuidos y se les conocia en el esterior 
con el nombre de Filadelfia (Amor de hermanos.) Algunas de 


VADE MECUM. 


53 


estas poblaciones estaban muy contignas 4 la ciudad propia- 
mente dicha, como Southwark y Moyamensing, al Sur, Northern 
Liberty al norte, Kensington, Spring Garden y el distrito de Penn 
al Noroeste, lormando todas, puede decirse, una sola ciudad y 
otras, como ya indicam os, mas distantes del centro principal. 
Lntre estos se contaban Bridesburg, Frankford, Holmesburg, 
Northern Liberty. El Puerto de Richmond Nicetoron, Rising 
Sun, Fox Chase, Germantown, 6 Chestnut Hill, Manayunk, 
Roxborough, La Cascada del Schuylkill, la Ciudad de Penn, 
no incorporada, Francisville, el caserio de Hamilton, Mantua, 
Polockley, Kingsessing y Passyunk. Algunos de estos lugares 
los absorbib el desarrollo de las calles de la congregacion de po¬ 
blaciones de que se componia Filadelfia, y en 1854 se incorpora- 
ron y comprendieron todas en un solo gobierno municipal cuyos 
limites son los del antigno condado de Filadelfia. En los pri- 
meros, tiempos, estas partes tenian casi diferentes caracteres; mas 
se fundieron todos en uno solo. Southwark que estaba hacia el 
rio Delaware se hacia notable por los grandes almacenes de lena 
que se usaba antes de la introduccion del carbon de piedra, 6 
huya, por ser el resinto de los calafates y carpinteros constructo¬ 
rs de barcos, y finalmente por ser el hastillero. La mayor parte 
de Southwark estaba habitaba por Capitanes de buque y marine¬ 
rs, y hastano muy le.jano tiempo, las familias de los hombres de 
mareran quienes poblaban esta parte. Los almacenes de lena y los 
constructors de barcos se han alejado del todo, y alii donde an¬ 
tes se encontraron aquellos, se ven hoy hermosos almacenes de 
mercancias, inmensas refinerias de azucar, depositos de mieles, 
almacenes de fletes de la Compania de ferrocarriles de Pensilva- 
nia, Graneros, y grandes depositos de huano, y en general de 
mercanderias 6 materias primas de las antillas de las companias 
de navegacion por vapor. Esta demarcacion se distingue tam- 
bien hoi por las grandes factorias de m4quinas y demas articulos 
de hierro, de Merrick, Morris Tasker & C. a Savery, otros. Mas 
hoy politicamente est4 divida toda la antigna Soutwark en los 
llamados distritos primero, segundo, tercero y cuar^to. El antigno 
caserio llamado Libertad (Al Norte) tenia grandes almacenes de 
madera, 4 las orillas del Delaware y hoy en su mayor parte este 
como el anterior est4 poblado tambien de almacenes de frutos y 
otros efectos mercantiles, estacioues de ferrocarril etc. Se hacia 
notable esta parte por el comercio de proviciones que venian de 
los campos inmediatos, como huevos, mantequilla, legumbres y 
demas articulos de subsistencia. Hoy especialmente en la 
£alle segunda se ve esto mismo y aun quedan varios de los mer- 
cados, hechos ad hoc para esta especie de comercio, no obstante 
la mescla de otros traficos que alii se ven y estan, ya casi absor- 
vidos por la estension de la ciudad. 

Mucho antes de la incorporacion del anterior caserio ya era 
muy notable la calle segunda por sus tiendas y almacenes de 

5* 


54 


vade mecum. 


detal, y la tercera por la reunion de un vasto comercio por mayor, 
de especerias, caldos y peleteria. Aun en la actualidad, la calle 
segunda es una doble fila 4 uno y otro lado de almacenes al detal 
en toda una estension muchisimo mas larga en ambos sentidos 
que la primitiva. 

Fegg’s Run y Cohocksink Creek, vias que cortaban 4 La Li- 
bertad (Al Norte) eran la parte de los grandes telares. Una de 
las grandes f4bricas del mundo se hallaba en esta parte de Fila- 
delfia. Es un car4cter 6 tipo especial de esta parte de la ciudad 
el estar compuesta casi totalmente de alemanes, hasta el grado 
de no oirse en ella, puede decirse asi, hablar el ingles. Hoy toda 
esta parte forma los distritos once, doce y trece. 

Kensington era un villorio que se ocupaba de calafatear 6 de 
astilleria, y una parte considerable de sus habitantes, eran Pesca¬ 
dores qne abastecian el mercado. Andando el tiempo Kensing¬ 
ton, fue acupandose de manufacturar hierro y acero, de construir 
maquinas de vapor y puede verse su rapido progreso en el nti- 
mero inmenso de obreros que en ese lugar se ocupan. Kensing¬ 
ton comprende los distritos dieziseis, diez y siete y dieziocho. 

Spring Garden, que hoi ostenta no solo vastas manufacturas 
de toda especia de artefactos, y la fabrica de locomotoras de 
Baldwin, sino tambien el laboratorio quimico de Powers y Weight- 
man y su bellisima casa, era en lo antiguo uno de los mas lindos 
suburbios de la ciudad y el centro de la residencia de la antigna 
Compahia de beneficiadores de ganados y abasto de vituallas.— 
Alii tenian el deposito de bestias y los raataderos, de que aun 
existen algunos. Esta comarca es hoy una de las partes mas 
brillantes de la ciudad y forma los distritos trece, catorce y 
quince. 

Richmond, que mora 4 la margen occidental del Delaware, al 
Norte y Noroeste de Kensington, principib 4 hacerse notable 
con la estacion de la compahia de ferrocarriles de Reading y con 
su inmenso comercio maritimo de carbon. Como secuela de estos 
establecimiento vino el aprovechamiento de todas las tierras im- 
productivas que habia en ese vecindario 4 medida que los gran¬ 
des depositos de carbon, las oficinas otalleres de mdquinas, y los 
paraderos hicieron crecer la poblacion y exigieron el aumento 
de la construccion de moradas. El origen principal de su cele- 
bridad la debe esta comarca 4 su comercio de carbon. Es el centro 
de un vastisimo trafico en que muy pocos le exeden en los Esta- 
dos Unidos. 

Distritos y villorios circnnvecinos d la ciudad .—Todos los 
otros que rodeaban 4 Filadelfia, 4 saber: Libertud Setentrional 
no incorporada. Nicetown. Rising Sun, Penn district, Francis- 
ville, Caserio de Hamilton, Mantua., Blockley, Kingsessing, Pass- 
yunk y Moyamensing, fueron constrindos de tal manera que de 
hecho hoy forman la ciudad. Todos los establecimiento al occi- 
dente del Schuylkill, comprenden los distritos veinticuatro 4 


VADE MECUM. 


55 


veintisiete, pero se conocen generalmente con el nombre de Fi- 
ladelfia del Oeste (West Philadelphia.) Esta es ana vastisima 
mansion delo mas bello que la mas fecunda imaginacion pudiera 
crear para la vida. Todas, casi, las casas tienen construccion 
ad hoc, en medio de lindos jardines esmeradamente cultivados, 
si bien en la parte alta estan las grandes alfarerias. Frankford, 
Holmesburg, Bridesburgh, Manayunk, Germantown, Chesnuthill 
y Roxborough, tambien van transformandose y uniendose 4 la ciu- 
dad con mas lentitud. Ademas de los establecimientos permanen- 
tes tienen las residencias y almacenes de muchos comerciantes, y 
y todas 4 escepcion de Chesnuthill tienen muchas y muy impor- 
tantes manufacturas. Roxborongh y Chestnut Hill ocupan la 
parte mas elevada de la ciudad y estan cubiertas de bellismas 
casas de campo. El caserio del Schuylkill contiene una de la 
mayores f4bricas de medicinas, diversas fabricas de alfombras y 
otras recientemente abiertas. 

La rivera del Schuylkill es lindisimamente variada y tiene in- 
finidad de manufacturas 6 industrias de toda especie. Hacia la bo- 
ca del rio Delaware esta Bridesburg y est4el arsenal maritimo de 
los Estados Unidos tambien en el mismo banco de terre- 
no; y al Sur de Bridesburg una gran f4brica de carbon animal y 
de cola. Se encuentran en Richmond los establecimiento de 
embarcadero del carbon para la Compania de ferrocarriles de 
Reading, con tan grandes y f4ciles aparatos para cargar el car¬ 
bon como no se ven en el puerto de Nueva York. Estan alii 
tambien las f4bricas de utensilios de hierro y cortes de las piesas 
de maderas para la construccion de buques y almacenes de Ken¬ 
sington y de La Libertad. Los muelles de la ciudad antigua 
estan principalmente destinados 4 las proviciones, especerias, 
frutas y legumbres, ostras, pescado; y 4 la carga y descarga 6 
atraque de los vapores que navegan en el rio Delaware. Algo- 
mas distante, como ya indicamos, se destacan las grandes refine- 
rias de azucar, fabricas de embases y la carga de los busques 
que hacen el comercio de las antillas, almacenes de escala del 
ferrocarril de Pensilvania, y de los vapores de la Compania llama 
La Estrella Rosada. El Arsenal 6 hastillero de la compania de 
Pensilvania, sus depositos de carbon y petroleo, y el nuevo Arse¬ 
nal Nacional de League Island (Isla de legua. ) Al estremo de 
esta isla siguiendo hacia el Schuylkill estan los grandes almace¬ 
nes de granos de la compania de Pensilvania, las 14bricas de gas 
y los principales depositos de marmol del pais y del extranjero 
y venta de carbon. Los almacenes estan situados precisamente 
al Sur del puente de Chestnut, limite setentrional de la navegacion 
de los buques que van al mar siguiendo el curso del Schuylkill. 
Al otro lado del puente se hallan grandes laboratories de yeso y 
4 la rivera oriental las obras de gas de la ciudad, las matansas y 
depositos del mismo ferrocarril de Pensilvania.—En la occiden¬ 
tal en gran parte el parque al travez del cual corre por un tra- 


50 


VADE MECUM. 


yecto de cinco millas, y de alii principian denuevo las industrias 
4 bordar sus margenes hasta la parte superior de Manayunk don- 
de hay muchos telares 4 que el rio provee de aguas para mover 
sus maquinas y para sus demas usos. 

La calle Ancha (Broad Street) aunque est4 hoy en construc- 
cion, puede decirse, por lo menos en cuando 4 su situacion y 
esteusion, y 4 los edificios que eu ella hay y se construyen actual- 
mente, es siu disputa uoa de las calles mas bellas de la ciudad. 
Entre las dos calles, llamadas Fairmount y Washington avenues 
(avenidas) presenta Broad casi todos los principales edificios que 
la hermosean. Magnificos templos de todas religiones y habi- 
taciones de indisputable suntuosidad.Entre los puntos ya fijados 
se encontraban anteriormente grandes depositos, de carbon, mas 
hoi como en estado provisional hay como ya se ha diclio bellisi- 
mos edificios pfiblicos y particulars y casas pequeiias mescladas 
entre aquellos. 

Las casas de habitacion en la ciudad son, generalmente, hablan- 
do, cbmodas y adaptables 4 las necesidades de la vida principal- 
mente las que de un tiempo 4 esta parte se construyen. Estan 
todas provistas de gas para el alumbrado, banos con surtidores de 
agua caliente y fria y conductors de calor para el invierno. Todas 
tienen callejones al fondo 6 laterales, para el desahogo, patios de 
ventilation, y en el interior corredores 6 pasadisos comodamente 
dispuestos conducen 4 las habitaciones. Parecen estar construi- 
das todas iguales; pero esto es en apariencia, pues existen cuatro 
6 cinco modelos diferentes, ya en su estructura como en su deco- 
racion arquitectonica. Los disenos, sobre que estan construidas 
varian de mano en mano mejorandose y haeiendose cada vez 
mas sensillos confortables y modicos en su cost©. Estan todas 
casi alineadas para evitar construir mas paredes, pues se trata 
de que las callejuelas de desahogo, sean comunes 4 muchas. De 
algun tiempo 4 esta parte se est4 adoptando el uso de piedras 
de colores y la imitation del beteado de las maderas llevado 4 
la perfeccion. Es mucho el uso que se liace del marmol bianco 
para el basamento y graderia de las puertas esteriores. 

La parte mas notable de la moderna Filadelfia, puede verse al 
Norte de laavenida Girard, al Occidente de la calle nuevey al Sur. 
Muchas de las casas estan habitadas por sus propios dueiios. El 
sistema adaptado para la construction es tal, que pone en capas- 
idad 4 los pobres trabajadores de comprar sus respectivas casas 
pagandolas poco 4 poco, lo que ha sido un sistema cooperative 
de importancia grande y que ha producido muchisimos bienes. 

Calles de Filadelfia. 

La ciudad en su mayor parte est4 construida en paralelogramos 
y las calles por tanto cortadas en angulos rectos, haciendo muy 
f'4eil el sistema de numeration de .las casas, quees como sigue: 


VADE MECUM. 


57 


la ciudad se divide en partes norte y sur por la calle Market y 
del Delaware al Schuylkill las calles verticales A la principal A 
divisoria, estan numeradas desde el n° 1. en adelante, si bien la 
primera se llama Front. A partirde Market hacia el Norte y hacia 
el Sur la enumeracion de las casas principia de uno en ade¬ 
lante marcando los pares las aceras del Oeste y los impares la 
del Este. Las callas paralelas A Market estan nominadas como 
se verd en la lista que sigue. En estas la numeracion corre de 
este A oeste principiando por la sifra 6 sifras que numeran las 
calle de donde se parte, llevando los pares las aceras del Sur y 
los impares las del Norte. Se supone que en cada cuadra no 
hay mas ni menos de 100 casas; asi, pues. por ejemplo si al lector 
le dieren una direecion, tal como 512 Norte de la calle 8, 7, 
10 &. deberd buscarla al oeste en la calle respectiva d partir de 
Market hacia el Norte, y despues de andar cinco cuadras en esa 
direecion. Si le dicen 703, por ejemplo, Chestnut, Walnut &. 
buscard tal ntimero d la acera norte de la calle que sea, y entre 
las calle 7 y 8. Solo hay que tener cuidado conque las casas de 
esquina se cuentan en la calle en que tengan su frente, y hay que 
advertir que solo se cuentan de este d oeste las calles que princi- 
pian en el Delaware y concluyen en el Schuyikill, y de Norte d 
Sur las que corren d lo largo 6 paralelas d Broad en toda su 
estension, mas 6 menos; por lo que hay muchas calles en ambas 
direcciones que no se tienen en cuenta y estas pueden ofrecer 
alguna confusion al extranjero, por lo menos las anchas, de 
alguua estension pues que muchas de estas son estrechas. 

He aqui las calles. El n.° del rnargen indica cual es la se- 
, rie de la numeracion de las casas de la respectiva cuadra. 


No. 

Norte. 

N°. 

Sur. 

1 

Market, Filbert. 

1 

Market, Jayne. 

— 

Commerce, Church. 

— 

Merchant, Minor. 

100 

Arch, Cherry. 

100 

Chestnut, Sansom. 

200 

Race, Branch, New. 

— 

Library, Dock. 

300 

Yine, Wood. 

200 

Walnut, Locust. 

400 

Callowhill, Willow. 

300 

Spruce, Union. 

— 

Noble, Margaretta. 

400 

Pine. 

500 

Buttonwood. 

500 

Lombard, Gaskill. 

— 

Spring Garden. 

600 

South. 

' 600 

Green. 

700 

Bainbridge. 

— 

Mount Yernon. 

— 

Monroe. 


Wallace, Melon. 

— 

Fitzwater, German. 

700 

Fairmount. 

800 

Catherine, Queen. 

— r 

Olive. 

900 

Christian, Marrott. 

800 

Brown, Parrish. 

1000 

Carpenter. 

, 

Ogden. 

1100 

Washington. 

900 

Poplar, Laurel. 

— 

Ellsworth. 

— 

Beaver, George. 

1200 

Federal, Marion. 


58 VADE MECUM. 


N°. 

Norte. 

N°. 

Sur. 

1200 

Ave. de Girard. Stiles. 

1300 

Wharton. 

1300 

Thompson, Seybert. 

1400 

Reed. 

1400 

Master. 

1500 

Dickinson. 

1500 

Jefferson. 

— 

Greenwich. 

1000 

Oxford. 

1600 

Tasker. 

1700 

Columbia. 

1700 

Morris, Pierce. 

1800 

Ave. de Montgomery. 

1800 

Moore, Siegel. 

1900 

Berks. 

1900 

Mifflin. 

2000 

Norris, Otis. 

2000 

McKean. 

2100 

Diamond. 

2100 

Snyder. 

2200 

Susquehanna. 

2200 

Jackson. 

2300 

Dauphin. 

2300 

Wolf. 

2400 

York. 

2400 

Ritner. 

2500 

Cumberland. 

2500 

Porter. 

2600 

Huntingdon. 

2600 

Shunk. 

2700 

Ave. de Lehig. 

2700 

Ave. de Oregon. 

2800 

Somerset. 

2800 

Johnson. 

2900 

Cambria. 

2900 

Bigler. 

3000 

Indiana. 

3000 

Pollock. 

3100 

Clearfield. 

3100 

Packer. 

3200 

Alleghany. 

3200 

Curtin. 


PLAZAS 

pOblicas. 


Las plazas pdblicas estan muy bien distribuidas, y aunque se 
ha gastado may poco en ornamentarlas; sinembargo son el solaz 
y agrado de los pobres, principalmente. Solo la sociedad de las 
fuentes, ha embellesido en lo que 4 ella toca estos lugares de 
recreo. 

La plaza de la Independence en cuya manzana estan la antigna 
manicipalidad en donde se declard la independencia, los salones 
de las Cortes, la oficina del Mayor, del Ejecutor de la ley (She¬ 
riff), el salon del primer Congreso y otros edificios pdblicos, est4 
comprendida entre las calles Chestnut, Walnut, quinta y sexta, 
y hoi est4 reparada con mucha elegancia y sensillez. 

La plaza de Washington, entre la 6 a y 7 a Walnut y Locust. 

Franklin, 6 a y Franklin, Race y Vine, contiene una linda fuen- 
te en su centro. 

Logan entre Race y Vine, 18 y 19. 

Rittenhouse, entre Walnnt y Locust 18 y 19, circundada de 
muy elegantes casas de habitaciou y con 4 lindismas f'uentes. 

Penn,—En esta actualmente se construye el regio edificio de 
la municipalidad, pero dejando espacio suficiente 4 su alrededor 
est4 en el punto do se cortan la calles Broad y Market. 

Norris, la regald 4 la ciudad un Caballero cuyo nombre lleva, 
Isaac P. Norris. Entre Susquehanna, Hancock, Diamond y 
Howard. 


VADE MECUM. 


59 


Jefferson entre 3 a y 4 a Federal y Washington. 

Estas plazas estan emberjadas de hierro y plantadas de arboles. 

En las calles de Spring Garden y Girard, habia en su centro 
lineas de mercados abiertos que hoy se estan convirtiendo en 
jardines rnuy elegantes. Hay tambien en varias partes de la 
ciudad pedasos triangulares, intersection de calles, que son otras 
tantas plazas de adorno y desahogo, y que las adornan, como en 
Spring Garden y Avenida Girard los vecinos. 

OMNIBUS. 

La ciudad de Filadelfia como todas las demas ciudades ameri- 
canas, est4 crusada en todas direcciones de carros tirados por 
caballos, que corren de estremo 4estremo por ferrocarriles ten- 
didos en las calles. Son varias las companias pero los billetes 
de una sirven para todas las demas. 

El precio de un viaje simple en dichos carros es de 7 centavos 
por los adultos y 4 por los nihos menores de diez anos. Si se 
compran 4 billetes 4 un tiempo los dan por 25 centavos, es decir 

3 de menos. Cuando se quiere pasar de una linea 4 otra de las 
que no farm an el rumbo natural de la en que se entra, se pagan 
entonces 9 centavos en dinero y se obtiene un billete de pase 
(exchange) y cuando lo que se desea es continuar el rumbo que 
primitivamente traia el carro si este toma otro en una encrusija- 
da, 6 viceversa, entonces se obtiene por el mismo billete 6 los 
mismo 7 centavos un billete de pase. 

Damos aqui una noticia de las diversas companias de omnibus 
el color de estos, el de la respectiva luz que llevan por la noche 
y las calles pordonde corren. 

Union Passenger Railway Co. 

Richmond .—Un ramal de luz verde y carros lo mismo, cuyo 
deposito est4 en las calles Thompson y Norris.—Su rumbo es 
del deposito por Thomson al oeste 4 Marlborough, 4 Belgrade, 4 
Frank ford Avenue, 4 Master 4 Franklin, 4 Race, 4 7 4 Passyunk 
Av. 4 Ellsworth, 4 Broad, 41 pasadero de Baltimore.—De aqui 
por Broad 4 Christian, 4 9 4 Spring Garden, 4 7 4 Oxford 4 4 4 
Norris, a Memphis, 4 York, 4 Thompson, al paradero. 

Fairmount and Nawy Yard , ramal de carros amarillos, luz 
roja, y su deposito en 23 y Brown.—-Del deposito al Sur por la 
3 a 4 Wallace, 4 Franklin, 4 Race, 4 7, 4 Federal, 4 Front.—De 
aqui, al oeste por Wharton 4 9, 4 Spring Garden, 4 23, 4 Brown, 

4 Fairmount y al este por Brown al deposito. 

Columbia Ave. and Market St. Ferry .—Carros encarnados, 
luz amarilla. 

Parten del deposito por Columbia avenue 4 Franklin, 4 Race, 
4 7, 4 Market, 4 Front.—De Front al oeste por Market 4 9 4 


60 


YADE MEOUM. 


Spring Garden 4 7 4 Master, 4 23 4 Columbia ave. 6 el deposito. 

Spring Garden and Poplar Sts .—Carro y luz encarnados.—- 
Deposito en 23 y Brown. 

Del deposito por 23 al Sur 4 Wallace, 4 22, 4 Spring Garden, 
4 7, 4 Poplar, 4 29, al Parque de Fairmount por Brown al este, 
al paradero. 

Cedar St .—Carros verdes y luz igual: paradero York y Cedar. 

Del deposito al norte por Cedar 4 Somerest, por esta al este 4 
Richmon, al oeste por Somerest 4 Cedar, 4 York 6 el deposito. 

Christian St .—Carros amarillos, luz roja.—Del deposito en 7 
y McKan, por esta al oeste 4 9, 4 Ellsworth, 4 23, 4 Christian, 
4 7, 4 McKan. 

Los que tomen los carros en Fairmount pueden por el mismo 
dinero pagado, recibir billete de pa?e en Franklin y Spring Gar¬ 
den, para ir por la calle 7 al norte 4 Richmond. 6 Master, en 
Market, para el Muelle de Market sobre el Delaware, en 7 y 
Carpenter para el paradero de Baltimore, en Federal para correr 
la calle 7, al sur, cambiando de carro porsupuesto en la respecti- 
va coneccion. 

En 7 y Marton para el sur de 7, en Ellsworth para el paradero 
de Baltimore, 6 para correr 4 Ellsworth, en Market para el 
Muelle, en Spring Garden para correr al norte la calle 7, 4 Mas¬ 
ter, 6 Richmond. 

Los que tomen los carros de Richmond, pueden pasar con 
billete por el mismo pago, y cambiar de carro en Franklin y 
Master, para recorrer esta, en Poplar para Fairmount, en Spring 
Garden par correr esta al parque, en Market para el Muelle, en 
Carpenter para el Arsenal 6 para esta al sur de 7.—En Spring 
Garden para esta al parque de Fairmount, en Poplar para correr 
esta y en Master respectivamente igual. 

Los pasajeros que parten de Columbia Ave. pueden recibir 
pase 4 otros carros en Oxford para Richmond. En Poplar y 
Spring Garden para Fairmount, en Master para el sur de 7, de¬ 
posito de Baltimore 6 el Arsenal.— En 7, para el sur de esta 
misma, en Spring Garden para el parque, en Poplar para correr 
4 Poplar, en Master para el norte de 7 y Richmond. 

Los pasajeros en los carros de Spring Garden y Poplar, pue¬ 
den cambiar en Franklin y Spring Garden par el sur de 7, Dep. 
de Baltimore, Market y el Arsenal, en 7 y Poplar psjga el norte de 
7, Mastery Richmond. 

Los de Cedar, en York y Cedar para continuar viaje en cual* 
quier direccion. 

Los de Christian, en 9 y Ellsworth 6 9 y Christian para el 
norte de 9, 6 para cualquier ramal de arriba de estos puntos, 
en 7 y Federal para el Arsenal. 

En la noche no se conceden pases. El precio es 10 centavos 
en la linea Fairmount y Navy Yard de luz roja. Se entiende des¬ 
pues de las doce. 


VADE MECUM. 


61 


Salen del parque d las 11. 40, 12 15, 12. 55, v del paradero 
11.48, 12.23, 1. 03, l. 53, 2. 43, 3. 23, 3. 58, y*4. 33,—Llegan 
d 15 y Wallace d las 11. 58, 12. 33, 1. 13, 2. 03, 2. 53, 3. 33, 

4. 08, y 4. 43; Llegan d 7 y Chestnut d las 12. 15, 12. 50, 1. 30, 

2. 20, 3. 10, 3. 50, 4. 25, y 5. 

Salen del Arsenal 12. 40, 1. 15, 2. 2. 50, 3. 32, 4.15, 4. 50, 

5. 22; Llegan d 9. y Chestnut 1. 02, 1. 37, 2. 22, 3. 12, 3. 12, 

3. 54, 4. 37, 5. 12, 5. 44; Llegan d 9 y Spring Garden d 1. 12, 

1. 47, 2. 32, 3. 22, 4. 04, 4. 47, 5. 22, y 5. 54. 

Domingo por la noche, eorren como sigue. 

Del deposito en Fairmount d 11. 03, 11. 43, 12. 28, 1. 13, 1. 58, 

2. 43, &.—Salen del Arsenal d las 11. 55; 12. 35, 1. 20, 2. 05, 
2. 50, &. 

Carros de Richmond and Baltimore. Luz verde. 

A1 bajar salen del paradero d las 11. 25, 11. 55, 12. 35, 1. 25, 

2. 10, 2. 55, 3. 35, y 4. 15;—Llegan d Franklin y Poplar d las 

11. 45, 12. 15,12. 55, 3. 45, 2. 30, 3. 15, 3. 55, y 4. 35; Llegan d 
7 y Chestnut d las 12, 12. 30, 1. 10, 2, 2. 45, 3. 30, 4. 10, 
y 4. 50. 

A1 subir dejan el paradero de Baltimore d las 12. 25, 12. 55, 
1. 40, 2. 30, 3. 15, 4, 4. 40, y 5. 51; Llegan d 9 y Chestnut d las 

12. 40, 1. 10, 1. 55, 2. 45, 3. 30, 4. 15, 4. 55, y 5, 30; Llegan d 

9 y Spring Garden d las 12. 50, 1. 20, 2. 05, 2. 55, 3. 40, 4. 25, 

5. 05, y 5. 40.—Domingo en la noche, asi. 

Salen de'Richmond d las 10. 40, 11. 15, 12. 12. 45,1. 30, 2. 12, 

6, —Salen de Baltimore d las 11. 40, 12. 15, 1. 1. 45, 2. 30, 

3. 15, &. 

Columbia Ave. and Market St. ferry. —Luz amarilla. 

Bajan, saliendo de la calle 23 y Columbia ave. d las 11. 35, 
12. 10, 12. 45, 1. 20, 1. 55, 2. 30, 3. 05, 3. 40, 4. 12. £ y 4. 45, 
llegando d Columbia Ave. desde 11. 45 hasta las 4. 55, y d Frank¬ 
lin y Market, desde las 11. 53 hasta las 5. 03, cadauno de ellos, 

10 mismo que a Columbia. En su viaje para arriba, salen de 
Front y Market desde 12. 30 hasta 5. 35; Llegan d 9 y Market, 
de las 12. 38, d 5. 43, d 9 y Spring Garden de 12. 47, d 5. 52, y d 
7 y Master de 12. 57, d 6. 02. 

Domingo en la Noche. 

Salen del paradero doce veces desde 10. 45, hasta 4. 52; Llegan 
d 13 y Columbia Ave. de 11. 05, d 5. 02, d Franklin y Master desde 
las 11.13, hasta 5. 10. Suben saliendo de Front y Market 11. 32£ 
d 5. 38.—Llegan d 9 y Market de 11. 40, d 5 46.—A 9 y Spring 
Garden, de 11. 49, d 5. 55. A 7 y Master 11. 59 d 6. 05. 

FIFTH AND SIXTH ST. PASS. RAILWAY CO. 

El paradero estd en Kensington Ave. y Cumberland. 

La linea principal, Carros amarillos, luz roja. 

6 


62 


VADE MECIJM. 


Su derrotero: del deposito 4 Front, 4 Berks 4 6 4 Mifflin, 4 5. a 
Yuelven por 5 a 4 Front., 4 Kensington, Ave. 41 paradero. 

Lehigh Ave. Garros verdes, luz lo mismo. 

De Kensington Ave. 4 Lehigh Ave. 4 Kensington Ave. al 
deposito. 

Frankford Steam Line. (Linea de Vapor.) 

De Kensington Ave. v la calle Main, en Frankford 4 Main y 
Arrott, al paradero. Hay doble enrrielado en Kensington Ave. 
Los pasajeros pueden ir 4 Frankford de cualquier parte de esta 
linea pagando doble.—Los pasajeros que salen de Frankford re- 
cibiran pase 4 Columbia Ave. por el mismo pago, y los que to- 
men los carros en 5 a y Oxford para Frankford, lo mismo. 

HESTON, MANTUA AND FAIRMOUNT P. R. R. CO. 

Arch St .— Un ramo.—El paradero principal en 2562 en 
Calloivhill .— Carros amarillos, luz verde. 

Parten de Biddle 4 Spring Garden, 4 20, 4 Arch, bajan por 
Arch 4 2. a suben por Arch 4 21 4 Callowhill, al paradero. 

Race and Vine Sts.—Carros amarillos.—Luz encarnada .— 
El paradero en 41 y Lancaster Avenue. 

Del paradero 4 Haverford, 4 30, al puente de Fairmount 4 
Callowhill, 4 Hamilton, 4 22, 4 Race, 4 2 a 4 Walnut* 4 Dock; 
vuelven por 3 a 4 Vine 4 23 4 Callowhill, al puente Fairmount 4 
30, 4 Haverford Ave. 4 83 al puente, 4 Lancaster Ave. 

Hestonvdl .— Un ramal. 

De 41 4 52 y Lancaster Ave.—Billetes de cambio, ( Exchange 
tickets.) se dan en esta linea pagando 9 centavos de pasaje, y 
puede tomarse cualquiera 10 y 11, 12 16, y 18 y 15, y 17 y 19 
desde su encrucijada respectiva con la linea—En esta linea se 
obtienen por 40 centavos billetes para el Jardin Zoologico para 
ir y volver en carros 6 b6tes. 

GREEN AND FAIRMOUNT AVE. 6 COATES STS.. PASS. RAILWAY CO. 

El Deposito en 24 y Fairmount Ave.—Luz roja , Carro verde 

Del paradero, 4 la eutrada del parque corren por Fairmount. 
Ave. 4 22 4 Green, 4 4, 4 Walnut 4 8 y suben por 8. 4 Fairmount 
Ave. al parque. 

Delaware River .— Carros de un caballo. 

De 8 y Fairmount Ave. 4 4 4 Green, 4 Beach, y vuelven de 
aqui 4 Fairmount Ave. 4 8.—Billetes de cambio por 9 centavos 
las lineas con que se corta esta, Spruce y Pine, Lombard y South 
10 y 11, 12, y 16, 13, y 15, 17 y 19. 


VADE MECUM. 


63 


SECOND AND THIRD ST. PASS. RAILWAY CO. 

El paradero en Frank ford, abajo de Lehigh Ave.—Carros 
blancos , luz verde. 

Del deposito por Frankford d Jefferson d 2. a d Mefflin. d Moya- 
mensing Ave; vuelven por esta d 3 a d Germantown Ave. d Oxford 
& Front d Amber al deposito.—Esta linea da pase por el mismo 
pago en 3 a y Brown por Richmond en 3 a y Oxford para el para¬ 
dero del ferrocarril del Norte de Pensilvania, en Cumberlandy 
Amber para Richmond, en el deposito para Frankford Alle¬ 
gheny Ave. 

Los pasajeros de Front y Oxford pueden ir d Frankford por 
un pago. 

Frank Through Line.—Deposito Frankford y Lehigh Ave .— 
Garros blancos , con banderola encarrmda y luz verde. 

Del deposito por Frankford arriba & Paul: de Frankford por 
la calle Main abajo 4 Frankford d Jefferson k 2 a k Mifflin k 
Moyamensing Ave.—Vuelven k 3 a k Germantown Ave. k Oxford 
k Front k Amber al Deposito.—Los pasajeros que parten de 
Oxford pueden ir & Frankford por el mismo pago; los que parten 
de Allegheny Ave. y Frankford pueden ir k Mifflin lo mismo,— 
Esta linea da pase en 3 a y Brown para Richmond por Richmond 
Line; en 3 a y Oxford para el deposito de ferrocarril de Pensil¬ 
vania: en Cumberland y Amber para Richmond por Cumberland 
St. Line, por un solo pago, y de Frankford k Mifflin por dos. 

North Pensilvania Line.—El paradero en Frankford Road , 
abajo die Lehigh Ave. Carros verdes , luz amarilla. 

Del deposito por Frankford Road abajo 4 Huntingdon k Co¬ 
ral k Cumberland k Emerald k Daufin k 2 a d Dock—Vuelven a 
3 a k Germantown Ave. d Oxford, d 3 a d Berks d 2 a d York d Co¬ 
ral d Cumberland d Amber al Deposito—Esta linea da pase en 
2 a y Walnut para la linea de Frankford 6 la principal d 3 a y 
Mifflin y en 3 a y Oxford d Kensington y Front arriba. Los pasa¬ 
jeros que parten del paradero del Norte de Pensilvania pueden 
ir d Frankfor, todo por un solo precio. 

Richmond Line. —Paradero Lehigh Ave. y Edgemont — Car¬ 
ros y luz , color rojo. 

Del deposito d Lehigh Ave. d la calle Richmond, d Frankford, 
d Menderson d Beach d Laurel d Delaware ave. dFairmount ave. 
d 2 a d Dock, d 3 a . Vuelven d 3 a y Brown d Beach d Menderson d 
Frankford d Girard ave. d Norris d Richmond d Lehigh ave. al 
deposito.—Esta linea da por un pago pase d 2 a y Dock d Mifflin 
y al subir para Richmond y Cumberland d Amber, y en Rich¬ 
mond y Lehigh ave. d Allegheny ave. 

Rridesburg Line—Paradero en Lehigh ave. y Edgemont — 
Carros blancos , luz idem , 

Por Lehigh ave. d Richmond d Bridge, d Washington, y vuel¬ 
ven por la misma ruta. Los pasajeros de Allegheny ave. pueden 


64 


YADE MECUM. 


ir A Mifflin por un pago A 2 a y Walnut y de alii al Sur.—Los de 
la ciudad para Bridesburg tomaran los carros de Richmond en la 
linea 2 a y 3 a . 

Cumberland St. Line—Carros blancos, luz idem.—Carros de 
un caballo. 

De aqui A Amber y vuelven por el mismo rumbo. 

Front St .— Carros y luz blancos , un solo caballo. 

De Fairmount avenue 4 New Market, A Vine A Front A 
Chestnut y vuelven por el mismo camino. 

Allegheny Ave. Line—Carro amarillo, luzblanca, un caballo. 

De Lehigh ave. y calle de Richmond A Allegheny ave. y vuel¬ 
ven por el mismo rumbo. 

TENTH AND ELEVENTH ST. CITIZEN’S P. R. R. CO. 

Deposito en 10 y Montgomery ave. De aqui A Reed, A 11 A 
Diamond, & 10 al deposito.—Un ramal parte de Reed por 10 A 
Mifflin, por Miffllin A 12 A Wharton, 411.—Pases para continual* 
en cualquiera coneccion sin masjpaga.—Billetes de cambio 9 cen¬ 
tavos para Girard ave. Green y Coates, Race y Vine Arch, y 
Market, Chestnut y Walnut, Spruce y Pine, Lombard y South. 

Por la noche se pagan 10 centavos. No se da cambio, y parte 
un carro cada 15 minutos mas 6 menos. 

El Domingo en la noche en esta linea, parte un carro cada 
hora mas 6 menos. 

GERMANTOWN PASSENGER RAILWAY C. a 

El paradero en 8 y Dauphin. 

Del deposito A Germantown y vuelven por Germantown ave.— 
Los que corren para abajo, parten del deposito A Dickinson, por 
la avenida y la calle 4 a y vuelven por 8 A Columbia ave. A 1 A 
Susquehanna ave. v de alii al deposito.—Hay carros intermedios 
que al llegar A Walnut doblan hasta 8 y de aqui toman el mismo 
curso anterior. 

Girard ave. Line. [Linea de la avenida Girard.) 

Parten del parque de Fairmount por Girard ave. A Palmer, A 
Beach, A Shackamaxon, 4 Girard ave. y vuelven por el mismo 
camino.—Billetes, de cambio 9 centavos para 10 y 11, 12 y 16, 
13 y 15 y 17 y 19, por supuesto de los puntos donde se cortan 
con la anterior—Pasaje A Germantown de cualquier parte de la 
linea 15 centavos y se dan billetes de pase A Girard ave. en 4 y 8. 

EMPIRE PASSENGER RAILWAY CO. 

12 th and 16 th Streets Line.—El paradero en 12 y Montgomery 
avenue. 

Parten por 12 A Wharton A 17, A Carpenter, y vuelven A 16 A 
Montgomery y al deposito. Billetes de cambio 9 centavos para 
Girard ave. Green y Coates, Race y Vine, Arch, Market, Chest¬ 
nut y Walnut, Spruce y Pine, y Lombard y South. 


VADE MECUM. 


65 


RTDGE AVENUE PASSeNGER RAILWAY CO. 

Deposito en Ridge avenue y Susquehanna. Carres amarillos , 
luz roja. 

Del deposito por Ridge ave. k 10, k Arch, y vuelven por Arch 
k 9, k vine, k Ridge ave. al deposito.—Esta linea no cambia con 
ninguna otra. Su curso va por el Colegio Girard y por los 
cimenterio Glenwood ,Odd Fellows y Mechanics, y corre directa- 
mente al parque del Este y al deposito de Agua. 

Manayunk Branch (Ramal de Manayunk.) 

Parten del paradero k Green Lane, en Manayunk y pasan por 
Mount Vernon, Laurel Hill, Mount Peace, y el cementerio del 
Oeste tambien de Laurel Hill, por Wissahickon k Green Lane. 

LOMBARD & SOUTH ST. PASS. RAILWAY. 

Paradero en 25 y Suotli. Carros amarillos, luz roja. 

Bajan del deposito, por Lombard k Front y Dock,—y de ahi 
por South al deposito. Billete de cambio 9 cts. para 19 y 11, 12 y 
16, 13 y 15, 17 y 19, Green y Coats, de los puntos de corte. 

El Ramal de Passyunk Road. Su paradero en Snyder ave. 
parte k 12 k Christian, k 5 a , k Lombard k 4, k South k Passyunk 
al paradero. 

PEOPLES R. WAY. 

De la entrada del parque por esta parte k Biddle, k 24, k 
Callowhill, k Front, k Vine k Delaware ave. y vuelven por Vine 
k York, & Callowhill, al Schuylkill y al parque de donde partie- 
ran. Carros amarillos. 


13 th & 15 th STS. PASS. RAILWAY CO. 

Paradero en Broad y Carpenter. Carros y luz verdes. 

Salen del deposito k 15, suben k Master, 4 Ridge ave. k Co¬ 
lumbia ave. k 13 k Carpenter, al paradero. 

Carros amarillos.—Luz roja. 

Del paradero de Baltimore k Carpenter, k 15, k Columbia ave. 
k Broad, k Norris, k Carpenter, al deposito de Baltimore. 

Ramal del Norte. 

De Broad y Norris 4 encontrarse con la linea de Germantown 
y retroceden. Dobles rieles. 

Ramal del Sur 

Por Broad k Snyder ave. y vuelven por el mismo rumbo: doble 
enrrielado: sale un carro cada ^ cuarto de hora. 

Los que vallan Master arriba, reciben, pase de la linea amarilla. 
Todos los que vallan al Sur del paradero de Baltimore abajo- 
recibiran pase de la linea principal k los ramales. Los que va¬ 
llan al Norte en la misma y en los ramales de Broad k Norris y 
k la coneccion con Germentown por 9 centavos,—Billetes de 
cambio por 9 centavos para Lombard y South, Spruce y Pine, 
Chestnut y Walnut West Philadelphia, (Market st.) Arch, Race 
y Vine, 4 a y 8 a (Girard ave.') y Green y Coates. 

6 * 


66 


VADE MECUM. 


phil’a & gray’s ferry pass. RAILWAY CO. 

Paradero en Spruce y 22. Garros blancos , luz roja. 

Del deposito bajan por Spruce 4 3 a 4 Walnut, 4 Dock 4 2 a , 4 
Pine, 4 23.—Garros intennedios del deposito al Arsenal Nacional 
y Gray’s Ferry Bridge, volviendo por Gray’s Ferry Road (cami- 
no de Gray Ferry) 4 Christian, 4 22 4 Spruce, 4 3 a , 4 Walnut, 4 
Dock; vuelven por la misma ruta.—Billetes de carabio, por 9 
centavos para Green y Coates, 10 y 11, 12 y 16, 13 y 15, y 17 y 
19. Durante el verano esta linea corre directamente al parque 
de Fairmount. 

WEST. PHILAD’a PASSENGER RAILWAY CO. 

Paradero , 41 y Haverford Linea de Market. Carr os ama- 
rillos,luz roja. 

Por la 41 4 Market, 4 Front y vuelven por el mismo rumbo al 
deposito.—Por estos carros se puede ir 4 tomar todos los trenes 
que llegan al deposito de Pensilvania durante la noche.—Pasaje 
despues de las 12, 10 centavos.—Billetes de carabio 9 centavos 
para 10 y 11 12 y 16, 13 y 15 y 17 y 19, y tambien 4 Haddington, 
en la linea de Haddington. 

Carros verdes, luz blanca. 

Del deposito arriba de Haverford 4 67 en Haddington y vuel¬ 
ven por la misma ruta. 

PHILADELPHIA CITY PASSENGER RAILWAY CO. 

Deposito en Chestnut y 42.— Linea de Chestnut y Walnut .— 
Linea de luz roja. 

Del deposito bajan por Chestnut 4 Front 4 Walnut, corriendo 
Walnut arriba 4 22 a Chestnut al deposito.—Por la noche 10 
centavos despues de las 12. Nose da carabio y corren de hora 
en hora. 

Fairmount Park Line (Linea de Fairmount.) 

El Paradero en Belmont y Columbia Ave .— Carros amari- 
llos y luz lo mismo. 

Del deposito por Belmont ave. 4 Lancaster ave. 4 23, 4 Chest¬ 
nut 4 Front, 4 Walnut, 4 32, 4 Lancaster ave. 4 Belmont ave. al 
deposito. 

Darby Road — Ramal. Deposito en 49 y Woodland Ave. 

De aqui por Darby Road 4 Chestuut, y'por el mismo rumbo 
de la linea principal. 

Mount Moriah — Ramal.—Paradero 49 y Woodland Av .— 
Carros azules, luz blanca. 

Del cementerio de Mount Moriah, por Moriah, 4 Darby Road, 
por esta 4 Chestnut, 4 Front, vuelven por la.misma ruta de la 
linea principal al punto de partida.—Billetes de pase en 23 y 
Chestnut, y 33 Chestnut para cualqnier linea que condusca 4 los 
paraderos. 


VADE MECUM. 


67 


^Billetes de cambio 9 centavos para 10 y 11, 12 y 16, 13 y 15, 
17 y 19, los venden los conductores en todas las linea de esta 
compania. # 

17 th & 19 th STS. PASS. RAILWAY COMPANY. 

Dcposito, esquma noreste 19 y Master, Garros amarillos, 
luz roja. 

Parten subiendo por 19 A Norris, por esta A 17 bajan A Car¬ 
penter, por esta A 19, y suben al deposito—Billetes de cambio 9 
centavos para Girard ave Green y Fairmount ave. Race y Vine, 
Arch y Market, Chestnut y Walnut, Spruce y Pine, Lombard y 
South; y tambien para la linea Philadelphia and Reading 
Railroad, A Belmont y Fairmount, por 12 centavos. Estos car- 
ros pasan por la Catedral, Academia de Ciencias naturales Co- 
legio Girard, Penitenciaria, Casa de Refugio, y (1) Casa de 
Huerfanos. 

El Ramal de Passyunk Road —Su paradero en Snyder ave.— 
De ahi A 12 A Christian A 5. a A Lombard, & 4, A South, A Pass¬ 
yunk Road, al paradero. 

De la entrada al parque por esta parte A Biddle, A 24, A Callowhill, A 
Front, A Vine, A Delaware ave., y vuelven por Vine, A York, & Callowhill, 
al Schuylkill y al parque de donde partieran. 

Tarifa de coches de alquiler. 

Creemos titil advertir A los extrangeros no se dejen estafar de 
los cocheros, pues la municipalidad ha fijado lo siguiente.—Una 
persona con su bahl, hasta una milla 75 centavos; dos; por la 
misma distancia $1. 25, y cada persona de mas 25 centavos. De 
una & dos millas, por una persona $1. 25, y por cada una mas 25 
centavos.—Si la distancia es mayor 50 centavos por cada milla 
6 fracccion y 50 por cada pasajero de mas, fuera de lo anterior.— 
Si se toma el coche por hora, $1. 50 por cada una. Caso de con¬ 
troversy, ocurrir al Mayor en 5 a y Chestnut. 

Consules Extranjeros en Filadelfia. 

Republica Argentina.—E. Shippen, 532 Walnut. 

Austria.—Lars Westergaard, 198 Sur de 2. a 

Belgica.— Andr6 1218 Chestnut. 

Brasil.—Eduardo S. Sayres 268 Sur 3. a 

Chile.—E. Shippen, 532 Walnut. 

Colombia.— Leon de la Cova 218£ Walnut. 

Dinamarca.—F. Myhlertz, 730 Norte 20. 

Mejico.—Emilio Cabada, 112 Walnut. 

Ecuador.—E. Shippen 532 Walnut. 

Francia.—Celestino A. D’Elpeux, 525 Sur de 8. 

Alemania.—Carlos H. Meyer, 227 Chestnut. 


68 


VADE MECUM. 


Gran Bretana.—Carlos E. Kortright, 619 Walnut. 

y Vice Consul George Crum, la misma direc. 

Hungria.—Lars Westergaard, 138 Sur de 2. a 

Italia.—M. Yiti, 115 Walnut. 

Iberia.—Eduardo S. Morris, 127, Sur Front. 

Holanda.—Lars Westergaard, 138 Sur2. a 

Nicaragna.—Enrrique Potter, 260 Sur 9. 

Estados libres de Orange. (Africa)Enrrique, 602 Arch. 

Portogallo.—Eduardo S. Sayres, 268 Sur 3. a 

Rusia.—Enrrique Preaut, 500 Sur Delaware ave. 

Esparia.—Don Juan Morphy. 

Vice Consul, Don Julian A. Principe y Sartoris. 

en 524 Walnut. 

Suesia y Noruega—Lars Westergaard, 138 Sur de 2. a 

Suisa.—Rodolfo Koradi, 314 York. ") fil , v . 

Vice Consul Yerner Itschaner. J m 

Uruguay.—Carlos Y. Mattheros. 

Yenezuela.—Leon de la Cova, 218| Walnut. 

Teatros y lugares de recreo. 

Academia de Mtisica. —Este, el primer teatro de la ciudad 
est4 en Broad y Locust.—Puede contener 5,000 espectadores.— 
El precio de entrada varia, segun el espect4culo. 

Teatro de Walnut. —Como se ve por su nombre est4 situado 
en la calle indicada en el angulo Noreste con la calle 9. Este 
es el mas antiguo y se fabrico el aho 1804.—Puede contener 
3,500 personas. Sus precios de entrada son estos. Galeria 6 
anfiteatro 25 centavos.—Circulo de familia y balcones 50 cts.— 
El siguiente hacia abajo 75.—Rededor de la platea $1. Platea 
$1. 50. Palcos al proscenio $15. 10, y $8. 

Teatro de Chestnut. —Como el anterior su nombre lo toma de 
la calle en que est4 entre las calles 12 y 13.—Capaz igualmente 
de 3,500 espectadores. Sus precios sou losmismosdel de Walnut. 

Teatro de Arch. —En la calle de su mombre entre las 6 a y 7 a .— 
La misma capacidad con pequeiia diferencia en la distribucion 
de las localidades. Sus precios son de 25 centavos <4 $1. Puesto 
en palcos cerca'de la orquesta $1. 50 y palcos privados $10. 

Palacio de Horticultural. —En Broad y Locust, cerca, de la 
Academia.—Contiene las localidades mas grandes en la ciudad 
al efecto de reuniones, especialmente politicas, pues puede conte¬ 
ner 6,000 personas de pie y 3,000 sentadas comodamente. 

Concert Hall. —En 1221 Chestnut. Capacidad 3,500 parsonas 
Precio de entrada varia segun los espect4culos. 

Teatro Americano. —Yariedades.—Se conoce generalmente 
con el nombre de Teatro de Fox por llamarse asi el dueno del edi- 
ficio, que es su fundador y empresario. La estructura y distri- 
bucion del interior nada tiene que envidiar 4 los de Walnut, 
Chestnut y Arch. Sus espectaculos son siempre de suntuoso 



VADE MECUM. 


69 


aparato y en ello cuenta por mucho con el escenario que es vasto 
y regularmente decorado. Los precios son por demas mbdicos, 
corriendo en la actualidad de 10 centavos d $1, fuera de los pal- 
cos, de tal manera que es el gran recurso de los muehachos 
limpiadores de zapatos y vendedores de periodicos. Puede con- 
tener lo mismo que cualquiera de los anteriores 3,500 personas. 
Mas, segun se anuncia habrd un cambio completo en todas sus 
reglas desde el proximo Mayo. 

Teatro de la Zarsuela. —En Arch capacidad 1,800 personas.— 
Precios de 25 d 75 centavos.—Estd situado entre 10 y 11. 

Edijxcio de la Asamblea. —En el angulo Suroeste 10 y Chest¬ 
nut.—Este es un Salon de baile, que lo alquilan para conciertos 
y sesiones de soeiedades: puede contener 1,000 personas. Su 
precio de entrada es variable. 

Museo del Coronel Wood. —Este es un teatro situado en el 
angulo Noroeste de las callas 9 y Arch. Capacidad 1,200 perso¬ 
nas. Precios: Galeria 25 centavos, Alrededor de la platea 50, 
Orquesta 75. 

Zarsuela de la cable 11.—En esta calle entre Chestnut y 
Market. Es un verdadero teatro de familia.—Precios 25, 50 y 
75 centavos. 

Gran teatro Central. —En Walnut cerca de la calle, 8. Puede 
contener 2,000 espectadores. Su distribucion interior, asi como 
su ornamentacion es inferior con mucho & los anteriores. El 
escenario ne es capaz como lo requiere el nfimero considerable 
de sus actores de ambos sexos, que en sustaleDtos artisticos son 
superiores d los de los otros teatros de variedades, 6 por lo me- 
nos igualan d los mejores teniendo siempre la ventaja del mayor 
nfimero. En bailes fantasticos no se le puede exeder sin mucho 
esfuerzo. 

El de la esquina de las calles 10 y Callowhill, llamado Nuevo 
Teatro Nacional. Entrada.—desde 15 centavos d $1.—Capaz de 
2,500 personas. 

Salon de Musica 6 ftlarmonico. —Aunque capaz de contener 
2,500 personas tiene poco uso. 

Hay ademas otros varios lugares de diversion en forma de 
teatro, uno al Sur dela calle 5 a entre Lombard y South otro en 
11 y Wood, dos al Norte de la calle 3 tt especialmente para ale- 
manes, y otros salones cantantes, en que hay mas 6 menos espec- 
tdculo siendo el mas notable el llamado Miller’s en Vine entre 
7 y 8 por tener ya mucho de teatro de variedades. Estos salones 
son todos cervecerias, que sostienen orquestas y de mas atracti- 
vos para llamar la atension. 

EDIFICIOS IMPORTANTES. 

Academia de bellas artes. —En Broad y Arch. Precio de en¬ 
trada 25 centavos. 

Academia de Citncias Naturales. —Broad y Sansom. Abierta 


70 


VADE MECUM. 


en los dias Martes y Viernes. Precio de entrada 10 centavos. 
Est4 yd terminado el nuevo y bellisimo edificio 4 que se trasla- 
dard este instituto en las calles 19 y Race de suntuosa estructura. 

Sociedad Filosofica Americana en 5 a y Chestnut. 

Libreria del Ateneo 5 a y Chestnut. 

Arsenal de Frankford.—Para verle se toman los carros de 
Richmond en las callas 9 y 3. 

Libreria de aprendices 5 a y Arch. 

Asilo de Ciegos.—En 20 y Race. Digno de verse en los Mier- 
coles despues de las 2 en que dan conciertos. Precio de entrada 
15 centavos. 

Casa de beneficencia, 6 de los pobres. En West, Philadelphia. 
—Entrada libre con billete que se obtiene en la casa n.° 42 
Norte de la calle 2 a . 

Salon de los Carpinteros.—En Chestnut abajo de la calle 4 a . 

Iglecia de Cristo en Market y 2 a edificada en 1753. 

Colegio de Medicina y Cirujia, en las calles 13 y Locust. 

Carcel del Condado.—En 11 y Passyunk ave. Se obtienen 
billetes en el edificio del Ledger. 

Instituto de Franklin. En 5 a y Arch. 

Casa de Correccion, cerca 4 Holmesburg. Para ir 4 ella se 
toman los carros en Kensinton. 

Casa de Refugio en 23 y Poplar. 

Hospital de Locos en West Philadelphia. Se toman los car¬ 
ros de Market por estar situado entra esta y Haverfordy 42 y 49- 

Salon de la independencia. En Chestnut y 5 a . Abierto diaria- 
mente de 9 4 4. Entrada libre. 

Cementerio de Laurel Hill en Bridge Road. Se toman los 
carros de Ridge ave. en Arch y se toma el bote de Yapor, en 
Fairmount. 

Palacio del diario llamado: “Public Ledge ” 6 y Chestnut. Se 
puede, ver con libertad pues todos estan invitados. 

Templo Masonico.—Broad y Filbert. Los visitadores deben 
ir con un mason residente. El Jueves es el dia de visitarlo. Los 
billetes se consiguen en el edificio del “Ledger.” 

Libreria Mercantil en 10 entre Market y Chestnut. 

Museo Nacional. En el Salon 6 Edificio de la Independencia. 
Abierto libremente de 9 4 3. 

Arsenal de Marina.—En Front, abajo de Washington ave. Se 
toman los carros en las calles 7 6 2 a . 

El Nuevo Arsenal Nacional, en la isla de la legua (League 
Island 4 la margen del Schuylkill. 

Iglecia de los Suecos, la mas. antigua de la ciudad, fabricada 
en 1677 en la calle Swanson arriba de Christian. 

Hospital de Pensilvania, 6 William Penn. Entre 8 y 9 Spru¬ 
ce y Pine. 

Casa de Penn, en la calle Letizia cerca de Market entre 
Front y 2 a . 


YADE MECUM. 


n 


Monumento del tratado (de William Penn con los indios) 
entre Beachy Hannover. Se toman loscarros de Richmond en 3 a 

Penitenciaria.—En 21 y Faimount ave. Pueden obtenerse bi- 
lletes en la oficina del Mayor. 

Libreria de Filadelfia, 6 de Franklin, fundada por este, en 5 a 
abajo de Chestnut. 

Sociedad Historica de Pensilvania entre 8 y 9, on Spruce. 

Escuela de dibujo para Srtas, en Filbert y Merrick. 

Guno, 6 casa de moneda.—Entre 13 y Broad en Chestnut, 
abierta de 9 k 12 diariamente excepto los sdbados. Entrada 
gratis. Un guia acompana los visitadores cada vez cpie se 
reune un ntimero de ellos. 

Universidad de Pensilvania.—En 36 y Woodland en West 
Philadelphia. 

Istituto lib re de Wargner 17 y Montgomery. 

Obras hidraulicas.—En Fairmount, k la margen Oriental del 
Schuylkill. Son dignas de admiracion esta obras que se pueden 
ver con solo quererlo en cualquier dia y hora. 

Hospital de Wills, de oftalmologia calles 18 y 19 y Race. 

Cimenterio de Woodland, en Woodland en la parte occidental 
de la ciudad. Se vad el en los carros de Walnut. 

Sociedad de Jovenes cristianos, un instituto fecundo en bienes, 
y que aumenta el nhmero de sus afiliados de dia en dia. En 
Chestnut, en 12 y 13. Se construye un edificio para ella en 15 y 
Chestnut. 

Jardin Zoologico.—En el parque de Fairmount. Parair & el se 
pueden tomar los carros en Walnut, Market, Arch, Vine y Girard. 

Los edificios de La Independencia y de los carpinteros mere- 
cen la primera visita del viajero, ya por estar en el centro de la 
ciudad, corao por los recuerdos que evocan, que todo hombre 
racional siquieradebe considerar, pues que supuestos los defectos 
de la huinanidad, esta Nacion es relatiamente la mas notable del 
orbe, por lo que en su infancia ha hecho, (que no es mas un 
siglo para una nacion.) 

Nada hay que admirar de arquitectura en est.os edificios; pero 
todo en ellos es grandioso con el hecho de ser la cuna de esta 
gran republics. El 1° se principio en 1729 y se concluyb en 
1775. En 61 como yahemos indicado se reunieron los represen- 
tantes de las colonias el 10 de Mayo de 1775 y apelaron al supre¬ 
mo Juez del Universo por la rectitud de sus intensiones. A la 
derecha, entrando por Chestnut estd el Salon donde se reunio el 
Congreso. El primer objeto que se presenta 4 la vista entrar, la 
es la mesa en que se firmo la declaracion de Independencia.— 
Detras de ella la silla del Presidente del Congreso Juan Han¬ 
cock y al rededor del Salon hay doce sillas mas, de los otros 
miembros. El original de la declaracion, escrito por Jefferson, de 
que hemos hablado ya, con las notas de Franklin y Adams, estd 
en la misma sala, en union de los retratos de 40 de sus fir- 


YADE MECUM. 


. 72 

mantes, y esta galeria, por si sola, marece una visita especial 
de todo hombre culto. 

En oposicion A esta, la Sala de la asamblea colonial. En 
estos mismos salones se obtiene billete gratuito para subir A 
la torre que est& sobre la fachada, y desde la cual se puede 
dominar toda la ciudad. Este edificio est& abierto al pfiblico 
todos los dias desde las 9 hasta 5 de la tarde. 

Local de los carpinteros situado como ya indicamos en 
Chestnut A poco andar abajo de la calle 4 a . Este pertenece 
A la respetable Sociedad de los carpinteros, la mas antigaia 
de las innumerables asociaciones que hay en la ciudad y sin 
temor de errar en el Estado Pensilvania. Se imtalo cuarenta 
ahos despues del establecimiento colonial de Guillermo Penn. 

La Iglecia de Cristo, que ya raensionamos se erijiS doscien- 
tos ahos ha. Fue su primer Rector el Reverendo Sehor Clayton, 
bajo cuya direccion se fabrico el templo el aho 1695. En 
Marzo y Mayo de 1753 se organizaron dos loterias, de $4,500 
cada una, A 4 dollars el billete con el objeto de concluir el 
campanario principiado en 1727, lo que produjo $5,000 con 
que se dio termino A la obra al aho siguiente, costando todo 
10,000 dollars. El juego de campanas traido de inglaterra que 
importb $4,500, y que pesaba 8,000 libras fue bajado en 1777 
para impedir que cayese en manos de los ingleses. Estas junto 
con la campana de la casa del Gobierno fueron trasladadas A 
Trenton. La Reina Ana, de Inglaterra, regalS un caliz y dos 
copones usados en la comunion, y tienen la siguiente inscrip- 
cion: 11 Anna Anglicanae Pud. Plxilad. A. D. 17” Uno de los 
principales ornamentos del indicado campanario representaba 
la corona. El aho 1777 bajo un rayo sobre la torre y des- 
truido el hilo conductor, callo y se fundiS la corona. Frank¬ 
lin y Washington tenian su asiento en ella: el segundo acos- 
tumbraba ir al servicio con su familia. 

La Penitensiaria del Este, estfi al oeste de la calle Coates 
6 Fairmount ave. Los carros que corren por esta avenida, 
conducen 4 ella directainente. Abarca once acres de terreno. 
Costo el edificio $600,000. El sistema es de reclusion, pero 
ha progresado tanto el crimen en el Estado, por desgracia, que 
no son bastantes ya 650 calabosos y han tenido que relajar el 
sistema. Se concluyo en 1829, y de su inauguraciou A la fe- 
cha ha servido para mas de 8.000 recluidos. Se obtiene billete 
para entrar en la oficina del Mayor. 

El Colegio de Girard. Este es un edificio digno por mas 
de un concepto de los viajeros ilustrados. Estfi situado en la 
avenida Ridge arriba de la Girard. PrincipiS A construirse 
el 4 de Julio de 1833 y se terminS en 1847, abriendose A su 
objeto el 1°. de Enero de 1848. El edificio principal tiene la 
forma de un templo griego de orden corintio. Estd todo el 
situado en una prominencia del terreno de la ciudad y asi es 


VADE MECUM. 


73 


magnifico el panorama que se ve estando en el. Se edu- 
can all! 600 ninos buerfanos y pobres, y estan recibiendo edu¬ 
cation hasta la edad de diesiocho anos, en qae ya estan ins- 
truidos en una profesion 6 industria btil. Ha dado este instituto, 
muchos y muy notables hombres de instruccion y aptitudes no 
comunes. Es un alumno del Oolegio Girard el arquitecto que 
construyoel Templo Masonico,soberbiomonumento que desafiard 
los siglos.—Los diplomas que espide, este instituto son tan 
vdlidos como los de las escuelas normales. Hoy con mas espe- 
cialidad se hace notable por el estudio de las matematicas.—Fue 
Esteban Girard su fundor, frances natural de Burdeos, que nacio 
en 1750, y vino d Filadelfia a los 26 anos, donde se establecid 
comerciando con Santo Domingo y se ramified despues {L otros 
paises. Dotado de un corazon noble y generoso se interesaba 
siempre por los desafortunados. El aiio de 1793 la fiebre atna- 
rilla asolo la ciudad de donde huyeron todos cuantos pudieron 
irse & los campos. Se creo un hospital en Bush Hill que al fiu 
fue abandouado. Girard que estaba entonces en el vigor de sus 
anos (43) acomentio la filantropica empresa de asistir d los po¬ 
bres, salvando d muchos y enterraudo los que la parca odiosa 
destinada como sus victimas. Despues de cincuenta anos de su 
vida mercantil a los 80 de edad, murid el 26 de Diciembre de 
1831, dejando la gruesa suma con que se edifico este colegio y se 
doto para su sostenimiento.—Al entrar en el corredor principal 
por la puerta del frente estd el sarcofago de Girard, y al frente 
su estatua en marmol, tal cual vestia. Estos si son los raonumentos 
ante los cuales se estrellan las pasionas todas, porque en ellos, el 
sabio y el ignorante, el bueno y el rnalo no ven sino honores al 
bien, personificado en un hombre que de 61 hiso religion durante 
una vida honrada laboriosa y verdaderamente cristiana. 

El Gran Palacio Municipal. Este edificio que aun estd en 
construccion, serd al terminarse, segun los disehos que donde 
quiera se ven, el primero de su especie y quien sabe sino no habrd 
sino uno que otro que con el pueda competir entre los demas. 
Abarca cuatro acres y medio, lo puramente edificado. Las fa- 
chadas al Norte y al Sur tienen 470 pies de largo y las al Este y 
al Oeste 486. En el centro de cada frente hay un gran arco de 
90 pies de diametro y de 185 de altura. En los cuatro dngulos 
del rectangulo hay cuatro torres de 145 pies. Todo el esterior 
es hermoso y lleno de efecto arquitectonico de mucha maestria. 
Estd dividido en cuatro partes distintas hacia cada dngulo, d 
las que dan paso arcos de 18 pies de largo y 36 de alto. El bas- 
amento es de 18 pies de alto sobre el nivel del suelo y es todo de 
granito. Sobre el basamento se eleva el piso principal de 36 
pics de alto, y sobre este otro de 31 con entablainentos de 12 
sobre los pabellones centrales y todo esto de marmol bianco ta- 
llado con muy esquisito gusto y ciencia bastante. Al lado del 
Sur se levanta una alta torre que serd una de las bellesas de la 
7 


74 


YADE MECUM. 


ciudad con que se presentani ante el inundo A competir con Sn. 
Pedro en Roma y Sn. Pablo en Londres, templos moniunentales 
del arte si, pero, obra de siglos, al paso que esta serfi tarea de 
acaso tres 6 cuatro anos mas. Esta torre tiene 90 piesde ancho 
en la base y va disminuyendo de uno en otro piso hasta terminar 
en un octagono de 50 pies de diametro. Una estatua de William 
Penn, el fundador de Pensilvania de20 pies de alto coronara la 
torre, que tendril de altura 450 pies, mas alta que todas las de- 
mas del mundo. El edificio contends 520 salas con magnificas 
iluminaciones, bien ventiladas y calentadas en invierno segun 
un nuevo sistema: sera del todo A prueba de fuego y costar& 
$30,000,000. 

El Templo Mctsdnico. El primero de su especie hoi en el 
mundo. Todo de granito de 250 pies de largo y 150 de ancho. 
Tiene tres pisos y algunos entresuelos. Se emplearon en su inte¬ 
rior 10,000,000 de ladrillos. Su fachada es un modelo de arqui- 
tectura normanda audaz al grado de no presentar el menor tinte 
de insipidez. Resaltan en el sus dos torres, una de las cuales se 
eleva A 250 pies, y el portico bisantino. La torre principal es de 
tanta solidez, que requirio un cimiento de 31 pies de profundidad. 
Todo cuando el arte pr&cticamente ha ensehado y la ciencia ha 
sujerido, se uso en la construccion de este edificio monumental 
para ponerlo A prueba de fuego, separandolo con pasadisos y 
puertas de hierro ad hoc para casos tales. El portico es del 
granito mas duro del pais, el granito de Quincy, con cuatro pa¬ 
res de columnas delgadas, coronadas de • bellisimas ornamen- 
taeiones del estilo normando mas caracteristico que atraen 
notablemente la atension del observador. La eutrada estfi en 
el muro a usansa de los templos normandos, y como el corte la 
liace aparecer mas profunda, los trabajos de ornamentacion 
van siendo mas y mas linos y acabados. Las dos puertas de 
entrada son de 17 pies de alto y de 7 de ancho y tienen dos 
pies 7 lineas, cubiertas de decoraciones tambien normandas 
en armonia con la fachada esterior. 

En medio del salon principal el espectador puede verse tras- 
portado A la Alambra de Granada en sus dias de mayor esplen- 
didez. I,os velos y cortinas del templo son de maravillosa 
bellesa y son de 25 pies de alto y 49 de ancho conteniendo 
1,200 yardas de tela. 

El salon egipcio, es el mas encantador del templo. No es 
tan grande como los otros; pero el estilo de su arquitectura 
es tan nuevo hoy, por ser tan antiguo y desusado en la pre¬ 
sente edad, que causa sin poderlo impedir la mayor sorpresa y 
admiracion. Se cree uno estar en Menfis 6 Tebas. En contor- 
no del salon hay doce columnas gigantescas, y cada una tiene di- 
ferente capitel, fac simil de los del antiguos templos de Dendera, 
Lucor, Kanac, Edfou y otros que un tiempo bordaron el impe- 
tuso Nilo.—Todo aqui es egipcio. El menaje todo, inclusive 


VADE MECUM. 


75 


el trono 6 plataforma, el cortinaje y tapeteria, en perfecta 
arraonia con la arquitectura del Salon. El negro y pulido ebano 
con dorados y el bronse es materia que no se ha economizado en 
la decoracion. Dos efiuges sostieneu la silla. 

El Salon de banquetes est4 en la parte Sur del templo. El 
ordeu de su arquitectura es compuesto: lo sostienen 16 columnas 
cuyos capiteles estan decorados de flores, frutas y p&jaros, vien- 
dose el pavo & la entrada occidental como presidente.—Esta 
sala tiene 105 pies de largo y 50 de anclio, 6 iluminada por quince 
magnificas araiias. Hay en ella veinte mesas en cuatro lineas, 
capaces para 500 personas 

Este edificio, en una palabra, es un modelo de las artes que 
presedieron a la era cristiana, con las modificaciones armoniosas y 
de mucba graciade las artes americanas. Costo todo el $1,700,000*. 
Siendo el Jueves el dia en que puede visitarse aconsejamos a 
nuestros lectores aprovechen la primera ocasion para admirar 
sus bellesas. 

El Parque de Fairmount. Se necesitaria mucho tiempo y 
gran espacio que no permiten los estrechos limites de una guia 
para describir con la prolijidad que merecen las bellezas de este 
parque. Harto alardea Nueva York del suyo, El Parque 
Central, y con razon; pero 61 no podrd llegar, ni con mucho a la 
penumbra siquiera del que nos ocupa. En primer lugar, todo 
casi en El central es obra del arte, de acabada perfeccion sin dis¬ 
puta, al paso que en Fairmount, la Naturaleza, verdadera madre 
y fuente inagotable de la belleza en el arte, se ha esmerado en 
acumular encantos en esta mansion de deleites. Coinprendeen- 
tre sus limites 2,700 acres de terreno tan dccidentado como se 
requiera para cuando pueda crear la imaginacion mas fecunda. 
El parque central es menos de la tercera parte de este, que en 
estension, solo uno en el mundo le exede, El de Windsor, en las 
inmediaciones de Londres, que contiene 3,000 acres. Se estiende 
en la parte Noreste de la ciudad, pudiendose trazar la proyeccion 
de su largo entrc las calles Spring Garden y Ontario; La entrada 
principal es por la calla Coates 6 Fairmount ave. y se va i L ella 
en los carros de Green y Coates, Callowhill, Arch, Race y Vine 
y Spruce y Pine. Es en esta entrada donde se encuentran los 
acueductos que surten de agua la ciudad y que todo viajero debe 
ver. Potentes m&quinas movidas por la misma corriente del rio 
Schuylkill tienen en accion las bombas que Henan los grandes 
estanques hechos en el vertice de la colina inmediata, capaces de 
contener 25,000,000 de galones.—Por detras de las mi'iquinas se 
ve la muy linda catarata de Fairmount. Inmediata 4 esta en¬ 
trada, esta en la de Green la galeria de artes (de pinturas.) La 
mayor parte de los cuadros que hay en ella ejecutados por artis- 
tar Americanos, son sobre asuntos historicos 6 nacionales. Se 
vende el cat&logo en el mismo salon. Llamamos la atension al 
lector hacia el cuadro La Nueva Rephblica, ejecutado por Fer- 


76 


VADE MECUM. 


nando Pawel, on que desarroya el pasado y presente de los 
Estados Unidos “La batalla de Gettysburg” por Rothernel que 
cost6 $30,000 al Estado de Pensilvania y que recuerda uno de 
los mas tremendos desastres de la filtima guerra civil, que nada 
de grandioso ni de gloria arroja la matanza entre hermanos. 
Esta galeria estd abierta diariamente y la entrada es gratuita. En 
saliendo de esta sala se ofrece d la vista la estatua erijida al mar- 
tir de la libertad del hombre, Abraan Linconl. Esta estatua es 
de bronze, modelo de Randolfo Rogers y fundidaen Monaco, por 
$33,000, que pagaron los ciudadanos de Filadelfia. La figura 
tiene 9 pies y 6 lineas de altura. Estd sentado teniendo en la 
derecha la pluma y en la isquirdas un pergamino con la famosa 
declaracion de la libertad.—La semejanza es admirablemente 
exacta y la posicion es del todo natural.—La estatua estd sobre 
un pedestal de granito, y en sus faces se leen las siguientes 
inscripciones : 

A Abraan Lincoln 

El pueblo roconocido. 


A la faz del mundo resolvemos, que el gobierno del pueblo, 
Por el pueblo y para el pueblo no percerd sobre la tierra. 

Declaro y mando, que todas las personas esclavas en los 
Estados rebeldes son y en adelante serdn libres. 

Sin prevension contra ninguno, con amor para todos, 

Con firmeza en hacer efectiva la Justicia 
En cuanto Dios nos lo concede, 

Demos fin altrabajo principiado. 

En la plaza en que estd la estatua hay varios edificios erijidos 
de este lado del Schuylkill, ad hoc para lo conducente d su na- 
vegacion. Inmediato d estos edificios esta otro de piedra cenisien- 
ta, coronado de una cfipula, do se hallan todos los utensilios ne- 
cesarios para salvar d los que por cualquier accidente caigan al 
agua. Tambien se eucuentra en esta parte el embarcadero de 
los vapores que recorren el parque por el rio, conduciendo aun 
mas alld, hasta Manayunk, y una fuente llena delindisimos pecesi- 
llos. De aqui se parte por un sendero ad hoc'd “Lemon Hill,” 
mansio de Roberto Morris en la epoca de la guerra de indepen¬ 
dence, el hombre ilustre que despues de ejercer su actividad, en 
el Congreso Continental, presto d su pais importisimos scrvicios 
en el arreglo de la hacienda pdblica, que contribuyo d libertar su 
patria con su persona y bienes y que exito d otros varios d que 
siguiesen su ejemplo. Aunque tenia su moradaenla ciudad, sus 
boras de descanso las pasaba en Lemon Hill y alii, eran sus hues- 
pedes los ilustres hijos de esta tierra, Juan Adams, Benjamin 





VADE MECUM. 


77 


Fraklin y Juan Hancock. A1 terminar su larga y desinteresada 
vida, sacrificada al bien de su pais, fue reducido 4 presion y ter- 
mino sus dias en la mayor pobreza. 

Despues de kaber visto el parque occidental se llega al Jardin 
Zoologico, por el precio de 25 centavos de entrada para los 
adultos y 10 para los niiios. Sobremanera divertido es este, 
especialmente d la hora de dar de comer d los animales, cuyas 
horas, son: para los leones d las 4 de la tarde: para los elefantes 
d las 10 de la manana y a las 4 de la tarde: para el Rinoceronte, 
lo mismo; y para los berbivoros dos veces al dia. Este jardin 
que abarca 83 acres estd al cargo de una sociedad Zoologica que 
tiene el deber de surtirlo de animales y de construir las obras 
necesarios durante un tiempo determinado en que volverd al do- 
minio util de la Municipalidad. Se prohibe en 61 la venta de li- 
cores; mas en su lugar hay un restaurant que A precios modera- 
dos abastece de cuanto es necesario con agrado y prontitud.— 
La casa de los monos, cost6 $6,486. El patio y cuevas de los 
osos $5,000. La de las aves $5,720 y la peculiar de las aguilas 
$2,000.—La de los carnivoros $50,000.—Entre las fieras se en- 
cuentran diferentes especies, tigre, hiena, lince leopardo, giraffe 
etc. etc. 

La coleccion de paj4ros es muy bella, y la de los reptiles, muy 
completa y digna de los naturalistas. 

El Gobierno Nacional, decreto en Mayo 1874 la libertad de 
impuestos sobre todos los animales destinados, 4 este jardin, y 
el secretario de Marina en 14 Novimbre de 74 ordeno A todas las 
estaciones navales, ayudar 4 la Sociedad en su empresa. 

Unos de los#mas hermosos ornamentos del parque son los 
puentes de Callowhill, y del ferrocarril. 

A la entrada del parque por dicho puente la primera casa 4 la 
derecha se llama “Srveet Brier.” Hay alii circos de caballitos de 
Madera para los ninos. Despues de haber dejado esta casa se 
encuentra la via de los carruajes, que atraviesa un bosquesillo, y 
llega 4 un lindo puente rtistico sobre el rio. 

Entrando en el parque despues de pasar el puente de Girard 
ave. est4 el paseo favorito en carrosa que es el de Lansdowne 4 
encontrar los pinos seculares donde estuvo la casa de Juan 
Penn, Gobernador y Comandante en Jefe de la provincia de 
Pensilvania. Vivid este en ella como un principe. Habiendo creido 
de su deber, defender la causa del rey, esta residencia fue al se- 
cuestro, no abstante la estimacion que el se habia captado por 
sus rijidez y por su sabia yjusta administracion. Cuando ter- 
mino la guerra fue visitado por Washington. Ala derecha se 
deja el bosque y se llega 4 “George’s Hill” (Colina de George) 
Desde esta eminencia se domina laexposicion 4 distancia como de 
un tercio de milla. Esta parte comprende 33 acres y fue una 
donacion de Jesse George y su hermana 4 la ciudad de Filadelfia 
para un parque. Sobre esta altura est4 un pabellon. Las 


78 


VADE MECUM. 


flores artisticamente plantadas y la Musica en varios lugares 
aparentes, dan finalmente k este parque la apariencia de una man¬ 
sion de delicias, corao ya hemos indicado. 

Como ya dejamos dicho, k la derecha de George’s Hill, se en- 
cuentra el observatorio, 6 mirador de Belmont, mansion donde 
nacio el celebro Juez Ricardo Peteos, secretario de guerra du¬ 
rante la de independencia, y despues por 39 anos consecutivos, 
Juez de distrito de los Estados Unidos. Como liombre culto y 
hospitalario, recibio al General Lafayette, al Baron de Steuben, al 
astronomo Rittenhouse, Washington, Talley ran, y Luis Felipe. 

Mas pintoresca aun es la ruta que conduce de Fairmount, k 
lo largo de larivera oriental del Schuylkill k la llamada “Straw¬ 
berry Mansion.” La vista del rio es bellisima, especialmente al 
pasar & Laurel Hill donde se hace imponente, por el silencio se- 
pulcral que reina alii en ambas margenes^ Diremos dos palabras 
sobre estos dos cementerios que contienen mas de 25,000 sepul- 
cros ? Repetiremos acaso los nombres de tantos preclaros e 
ilustres hombres, ornato de su pais, que alii yacen covertidos 
en polvo y confundidos en una sola masa con los que los adraira- 
ron y k quines ellos mismos consideraron como inferiores?.... No 
que es bien sabida la verdadera sintesis de la humanidad “sale 
del polvo y k el vuelve.” 

Dejando k Laurel Hill encontramos, k Wissahickon, tan no¬ 
table, ya por el panorama que alii desarroya la Naturaleza, como 
por los recuerdos historicos y de leyendas en que sus anales 
abundan. La entrada de su embocadura es el lugar de una re- 
tirada feliz ejecutada por Lafayette con la cual Salvo una fuerte 
division k sus ordenes. Esta retirada se conoce*con el nombre 
de Barren Hill consagrado con gloria en la espada de honor 
decretada por el Congreso al mensionado General.—Fue Wissa¬ 
hickon donde se di6 una parte de la batalla de Germantown. 

Dos hombres ilustres vivieron en este lugar Juan Kelpins y 
David Rittenhouse. El primero fue un visionario que condujo 
de alemania una colonia de fandticos; mas el segundo fue 
injeniero de grandes conocimientos. 

LA EXPOSICION. 

No es nuestro designio hacer el catilogo de todos los objetos 
destinados k exhibirse pues es tarea que toca al Sr. Neagle; mas 
destinado este libreto k hacer saber k los que hablan la mas 
liermosa y sonora de las lenguas modernas, la del inmortal 
Cervantes, las instituciones americanas, a acompaharlos en la 
ciudad de Filadelfia, y finalmente k servirles de prontuario para 
que all;! en el seno de sus familias y amigos puedan evocar los 
recuerdos de su viaje k este lado del Atlantico, no hemos podido 
evitar el decir algo. Mensionaremos aunque k la lijera los cinco 
edificios principals y alguno que otro monumento.—Se escogio 



YADE MECUM. 


19 


para la exposicion el mejor lugar.—Los cinco edificios principa¬ 
lis comprenden cerca de 60 acres y se conocen con los nombres 
siguientes: 

Main lluildin. (Edificio Principal.) 2° Salon de maquinaria. 
3° Galeria de Artes (debellas Artes.) 4° Palacio de Agricultura. 
5° Edificios de Horticultura. 

El edificio principal estA en la direccion de Noroeste & Sures- 
te, y la forma de su plana es un rectangulo de 1880 pies de largo 
y 464 de ancho. El terreno que el ocupa es mas de 20 acres. En 
los respectivos centros de sus cuatro fachadas se encuentran las 
cuatro entradas principals. En cada una de sus esquinas hay 
una torre de 75 pies de altura sobre las cuales hay asoteas 6 mi- 
radores. La entrada del este es para los carruajes que pueden 
llegar hasta el vestibulo.—La del sur para los omnibus, 6 carros 
de la ciudad y la del Norte para el tren de ferrocarril construido 
ad hoc.—Costo este edificio $1,420,000, sin contar los gastos de 
nivelacion del suelo, conduccion del agua, ni la pintura. 

Salon de Maquinas. Este estd en la misma linea que el ante¬ 
rior. Su forma es tambien rectangular, salvo que hacia el Sur 
k partir de su centro corre otro rectangulo.—Sus dimensiones 
1,402 pies de largo y 360 de ancho y el anexo, 208 por 210 abar- 
cando ambos en todo 12 82 acres. En todo el centro est& el 
motor general, un vapor de 2,500 caballos de fuerza, y en todas 
direcciones se trasmitio el movimiento por ejes de conduccion k 
16 lineas de mdquinas.—Doce de estos conductores, tendran una 
velosididad de 120 jiros por minuto, y cuatro otra de 240. Los 
cimientos de este edificio son de piedra, y su estructura es de 
columnas de madera y hierro, y lo mismo sus techos. A1 este- 
rior y hasta cinco pies de alto todo es de mamposteria, y de ahi 
hacia arriba vidrio entre columna y columna. Algunos de estos 
vidrios son entablamentos movibles, k fin de dar ventilacion. 
Costo el edificio $542,300. Se principio el 13 de Abril, 1875, y 
para el 5 de Julio estaba ya tan avanzado, que se celebro en 61 la 
festividad de ese dia, y pudo dar cabida k 50,000 personas. 

La Galeria de bellas Artes, estii construida al estilo llamado 
Renaissance. Los materiales empleados en ella son, granito, 
vidrio y hierro, sin madera absolutamente. Tiene 365 pies de 
largo 210 de ancho y 59 de altura. Se encuentra el palacio k 
distancia de 300 pies del Edificio principal. La ctipula es de 
150 pies de altura sobre el terreno, y termina teniendo en su ver- 
tice la Estatua de la America y en los cuatro angulos cuatro 
figuras representando los cuatro puntos cardinales. La entrada 
est<4 formada de pasadisos de arcadas de 40 pies de alto y 15 de 
ancho. El Salon del centro tiene 83 pies cuadrados. A ambos 
lados oriental y occidental estan las galarias, cada una de 98 pies 
de largo 84 de ancho y 35 de alto. Estas galerias estan dividi- 
das con el fin de presentar mejor vista k las pinturas. La Sala 
central y las galerias forman un salon total de 287 pies de largo 


80 


VADE MECUM. 


y 85 de ancho, capaz de contener 8,000 personas.—Los gastos 
en la construccion de este edificio han estado al cargo del Estado 
de Pensilvania y especialmente de la ciudad de Filadelfia, y han 
montado 4 $2,199,283. 

El edificio de Agricultura esta situado al occidente de la ave- 
nida Belmonte. Ocupa cerca de 10 acres. Su forma es una nave 
de 820 pies de largo, 125 de ancho y 75 de alto, crusada por tres 
naves laterales. La nave central tiene 100 pies de largo. Las 
naves laterales tienen 70 pies de alto y 811 de ancho. En este 
palacio, como lo indica su nombre se espondran los productos 
todos de la Agricultura. Al lado occidental se veran los pe- 
ces y todo lo a, ellos atinjente, ocupando esta parte un espa- 
cio de 80 pies de largo y 40 de ancho, la initad del cual est4 
reservado 4 la nacion. A las inmendiaciones de este edificio 
se exhibir4 la cria de caballos de ganado vacuno y lanar &. 

Edificio de Horticultura. Es este de estilo morisco y cons- 
truido para permanecer como ornamento del parque. Est4 en 
linea recta al norte del anterior, de 383 pies de largo 193 de 
ancho y 72 de alto. En el, su ornato y la vista del rio Schuylkill 
lo hacen uno de los mas grandes atractivos del gran cer- 
tamen norte-americano. El primer piso esta ocupado por 
una galeria central de 230 pies de largo, 80 de ancho y 55 de 
alto, y sobre ella una asotea de 170 pies de largo 20 de ancho 
y 14 de alto. Al rededor de esta una tribuna alta de 20 pies, 
y al norte y sur 4 galerias de 100 pies de largo y 30 de alto 
cubiertas con tejas canaladas de vidrio y hierro.—En cada la¬ 
do, las dos galerias estan divididas por un vestibulo de 30 
pies cuadrados. A los lados oriental y occidental y en su 
centro, estan otros vestibulos; y a los lados hay restauranes, 
oficinas, salas de recepsion &. De los vestibulos se pasa por 
escalinatas 4 las galerias internas y esternas. Estas galerias 
estan unidas por un largo pasadiso.—Ocho fuentes adornan la 
galeria principal. El costo total asciende 4 $253,927. 

Antes de citar algunos monumentos diversos erijidos por 
los Estados Unidos 6 las naciones estranjeras, creemos digna 
de observacion la remarcable circunstancia de ser esta exposi- 
cion la mas grande que hasta esta fecha ha visto el mundo, 
y el porqu6, baste 4 tal proposito la siguiente anotacion del 
n°. de acres que cada una ha ocupado, en orden ascendente. 


Munich 

4. 4. 

Londres 

1861. 

25. 6. 

Nueva York 

4. 2. 

Paris 

1867. 

31. “ 

Loud res 1851. 

18. 6. 

Yiena 

1874. 

56. 5. 

Paris 1855. 

22. 1. 

Filadelfia 

— 

60. “ 

Monumento & 

Cristoval Colon. 

Sin 

Colon, la 


America 

aun estaria oculta para el antiguo mundo. Por todas partes 
se levantan estatuas 4 este genio inmortal, y justo era que en 
esta ocasion solemne en que esta, la parte principal de su obra 


VADE MECUM. 


81 


va d dar cuenta al mundo antiguo de su fabuloso progreso, pa- 
gase un tributo de reconocimiento y una serial indeleble de su 
sagrada memoria para las edades venideras.—La iniciativa de 
este monumento se debe a un grupo de italianos de Filadelfia, 
entre los cuales son notables por su zelo y enerjia los Sres. Yiti, 
Consul de Italia, Finelli y Lagomarsino. 

Representard este monumento al gran navegante en el mo- 
mento de descubrir la tierra, y serd la estatua de rnarmol bianco. 

Monumento d Witherspoon, estd al oriente de la galeria de 
bellas artes y consiste en una estatua de bronce sobre un pedes¬ 
tal de granito y para quien lo ignore, diremos que Juan Wither¬ 
spoon fue uno de los que firmaron el acta de independencia y 
uno de los mas enerjicos defensores de ella. 

El Monumento d Humbold, una estatua de bronce de nueve 
pies de alto. 

Estatua de la libertad religiosa. —Mientras que en otros tiem- 
pos se imponian las creencias religiosa hasta con el tormento, hoi, 
el progreso ha develado en el hombre, el derecho que Dios mismo, 
por la ley natural le dio de pensar como crea mas conforme d la 
magestad Divina entre los varios sistemas religiosos. En ningu- 
na otra nacion de la tierra se ha desarrollado esta libertad y 
existe con toda la fuerza que la promete eterna estabilidad como 
en los Estados Unidos. Mas tal debia suceder, pues, fruto, casi 
vedado bajo las vetustas coronas y elementos monarquicos del 
viejo mundo, la Libertad, necesitaba un terreno virgen donde 
germinase sin obstdculos.—Aqui se ha objetivado la maxima del 
ilustre estadista Cavour: “ Iglesia libre en Estado libre ,” y no 
pudo pasar desapercibido un hecho tan significativo y de tan 
trasendentales consecuencias, sinque se decorase d la nacion 
heroe de tan gloriosa jornada con el timbre de un monu¬ 
mento, ya que juntas han corrido y progresado, la libertad poli- 
tica y la libertad religiosa. Fueron los israelitas, que tan injusta- 
mente han sido repelidos de todos los paices como apestados, los 
que iniciaron esta obra, aqui donde todas las creencias sin 
distincion alguna tienen cabida, pues al f'rente de un instituto de 
Loyola se levanta una Sinagoga, y baste. La estatua importa 
$30,000, y junto con el pedestal tiene 20 pies de altura. 

Estutua de Penn.— Esta estatua al fundador de Pensilvania 
que coronard la cdpala de la nueva municipalidad, es de bronce, 
colosal, y estard espuesta durante la exhibicion. 

La Emansipacion. —Estatua destinada d representar los be- 
neficios que han reportado las personas de color, iguales hoy d 
todos ante la ley, y yo dird algo mas, pues no solo significard eso 
la presente estatua, sino que dird d los siglos venideros que si 
esta gran nacion, cometio tambien el horrendo crimen de lesa 
Divinidad en la esclavitud, supo arrepentirse y espiarlo derra- 
mando d torrentes su sangre y echando sobre sus hombros una 
inmensa deuda que la abrumard por mas de una generacion. No 


82 


VADE MECUM. 


hay otro modo de merecer el perdon y hacerse digno que espiar 
la trasgresion cometida. 

Cerca del edificio de las maquinas est4 la fuente catolica, erijida 
por la sociedad de temperancia. En el centro del estanque de 
40 pies de diametro dando se levanta una figura de marmol que 
representa 4 Moises en el acto de tocar con su vara divina la 
roca para hacer brotar el agua. 

El pabellon de las Sras. Destinado 4 contener cuanto de cu- 
riosidades de mano ha podido crear el gusto y genio de las Sras 
de los Estados Unidos. Ouesta $40,000. 

Frente 4 este est4 el edificio especial del Gobierno Nacional, 
que importa $65,000 y que est4 construido de madera y vidrio. 
Todos los departamentos del Gobierno, han espuesto objetos inte- 
resantes, y detras de este edificio est4 el cuartel de los cadetes 
nacionales de West Point. (La escuela Militar.) 

Entre los dos edificios. El principal y el de maquinaria, hay 
un espacio de mas de quinientos cuarenta y dos pies de largo 
embellecido con jardines. A1 sur forman una testera las oficinas 
de la comision, y al Norte casi formando la otra est4 el palacio 
de losjueces que tiene 152 pies de largo y 114 de ancho. En el 
centro de este un salon de conferencias y otro mas pequeiio para 
la comision, cuyas dos salas puedeu unirse en una sola capaz de 
contener 700 personas. Hay tambien una galeria superior para 
las Sras. Es en este edificio como se puede facilmente colegir, 
donde se juntarfin los jueces 4 disernir los premios en el moderno 
torneo de las industrias las ciencias, y las artes, 4 los que en 41 
justen no para derramar sangre sino para verter sobre el mundo 
la luz de la civilizacion. 

En la altura de Belmont se ha erijido un observatorio de 185 
pies de alto donde puede verse toda la ciudad por un precio insi- 
gnificante durante diez minutos. 

Al sur est4 un restaurante, cuya sala principal puede contener 
500 personas. Es de dos pisos, y tiene una torre. Sus dimensio- 
nes son 140 pies-de largo y 96 de ancho. 


Resumen util y curioso. 

Para ir 4 la Exposicion pueden tomarse los carros en las callas 
Walnut, Market, Arch, Vine y en la avenida Girard, pues por 
toda esas vias pasar4 a cada minuto un carro. El pasage en 
todo carro por todo el viaje natural del carro es 7 centavos, mas 
comprando billetes se obtienen 4 por 25 centavos. Con escep- 
cion de dos lineas, “Ridge ave.” y “Unione line” en todas se 
puede pasar de una 4 otra, dando en la primera 9 centavos por 
un billete de cambio. Por la noehe en las lineas Chestnut y 
Walnut, 10 y 11 13 y 15, Market y Union line se pagan 10 cts., 
despues de las 12. 

El que necesite conducir su equipaje de donde quiera que este 



YADE MECUM. 


✓ 

83 

en la ciudad de un lugar (i otro puede ir k la calle 5 a acera del 
oeste entre Chestnut y Market y por 50 6 75 centavos k lo mas 
lo obtiene. 

Las liueas de carros ti omnibus de la ciudad importan 
$12,860,200 pertenecientes k varias companias anonimas y las 
acciones son por valor nominal de $50 una. Es este uno de los 
mejores negocios en que se puede colocar dinero, pues est4, por 
decirlo asi k la vista. 


Y. 



FIN. 



INDICE DE LAS MATERIAS. 


PAGINA 


Declaracion de Independencia.3 

(Jonstitucion de Los Estados Unidos de America . . 17 

Reformas 4 la Constitucion ...... 29 

Ojeada sobre los Presidentes..33 

Actual Gbno. de los EE. Unidos . . . . .42 

Miembros del CoDgreso, Senado.42 

C4mara de Rapresentantes ...... 44 

Cuerpo Diplomatico.48 

Tarifa de Correos . 49 

Idem Telegrftfica. . 51 

Pescripcion de Filadelfia.52 

Calles de idem ....... 56 

Plasas pfiblicas.58 

Omnibus.. 59 

TarifFa de Coclies de alquiler 67 

C6nsules estranjeros en Filadelfia . . . . .67 

Teatros y lugares de recreo.68 

Lugares interesantes.71 

Local de los Carpinteros . . . .72 

Iglecia de Cristo.72 

Penitenciaria del Este.72 

Colegio de Girard . . . . . .72 

Palacio Municipal . . . . .73 

Templo Masonico . . . . .74 

Parque de Fairmount.75 

Exposicion ....... 78 

Edificio Principal.79 

Salon de Mdquinas . . . . .79 

Galeria de bellas artes.79 

Palacio de Agricultura.80 

Idem de Horticultura.80 

Monumentos diversos.80 

Resumen 6til y curioso.82 


41 







































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